Dietary exposure assessment of sum deoxynivalenol forms, sum T-2/HT-2 toxins and zearalenone from cereal-based foods and beer.

A dietary exposure assessment to sum of deoxynivalenol (DON) forms, sum of T-2/HT-2 toxins (T2/HT2) and zearalenone (ZEA) was conducted for Czech children 4-6 years and Czech men and women 18-59 years. Retail foods (25 different commodities, n = 336) were assessed by LC-MS/MS methods. The 95th percentile chronic exposure to sum of DON forms was determined in children from 648 to 1030 ng/kg bw/day (LB/lower bound/and UB/upper bound/), in men from 362 to 923 ng/kg bw/day and in women from 272 to 490 ng/kg bw/day. The 95th percentile chronic exposure to sum T2/HT2 was determined in children from 6.5 to 31 ng/kg bw/day, in men from 1.9 to 11.2 ng/kg bw/day and in women from 2.5 to 11.5 ng/kg bw/day. The 95th percentile chronic exposure to ZEA was determined in children from 11.9 to 24.9 ng/kg bw/day, in men from 5.9 to 27.5 ng/kg bw/day and in women from 4.8 to 12.6 ng/kg bw/day. The risk linked with the mean and the 95th percentile chronic exposure (LB scenario) to the sum of DON forms, sum of T2/HT2 and ZEA is considered to be out of health concern for the selected population groups.

Dietary Intake of Vitamin D in the Czech Population: A Comparison with Dietary Reference Values, Main Food Sources Identified by a Total Diet Study.

The usual dietary intake of vitamin D was studied in 10 subgroups of the Czech population. Food consumption data was collected using repeated 24 h recall in a national cross-sectional survey (the Study of Individual Food Consumption, SISP04), and the vitamin D content in marketed foods was quantified within the national Total Diet Study (2014⁻2015). The Monte Carlo Risk Assessment computational model (version MCRA 8.2) was used to assess usual intake. The median vitamin D intakes for the Czech population (aged 4⁻90 years, both genders) were within a range of 2.5⁻5.1 µg/day. The highest median intake, excluding dietary supplements, was observed in men aged 18⁻64, and the lowest was observed in children aged 4⁻6 and girls aged 11⁻17. The main sources in the diet were hen eggs (21⁻28% of usual dietary intake), fine bakery wares (11⁻19%), cow's milk and dairy products (7⁻23%), meat and meat products (4⁻12%), fish (6⁻20%), and margarines (7⁻18%). The dietary intake of vitamin D for more than 95% of the Czech population was below the recommended Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). These findings should encourage public health authorities to support interventions and education and implement new regulatory measures for improving intake.