[Squamous cell carcinoma associated with use of skin-lightening cream]. / Carcinome épidermoïde associé à une dépigmentation volontaire.

BACKGROUND: Women widely use skin-lightening products for cosmetic purposes in sub-Saharan Africa despite numerous reported cutaneous and systemic complications. The occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma has long been reported, but only three cases have been published so far. We report the first case in Mali. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 30-year old woman with no noteworthy medical history was seen at our outpatient center for cervical ulceration that had been present for the last 5 years. She had used cosmetic bleaching cream over a period of around ten years. Physical examination revealed extensive ulceration on the left side of her neck. Blood tests for viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus were negative. The pathological examination of the skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. After failure of the initial excision with early relapse, multiple surgical ablations were performed 3 months later. DISCUSSION: The high prevalence of skin-lightening cosmetic use contrasts with the rarity of epidermoid carcinoma in depigmented skin. However, a large chronic ulcer on uncovered parts of the upper body, particularly the neck, should prompt physicians to consider skin cancer. Appropriate preventive measures include the promotion of educational messages for the general population, the use of sun-protection devices, and routine skin biopsy for all women presenting chronic cervical ulceration after long-term use of skin-lightening products.

[Undesirable Events During Anesthesia For Programmed Digestive Surgery]. / Evenements Indesirables Au Cours De L'Anesthesie Pour Chirurgie Digestive Programmee.

OBJECTIVES: to study the morbidity operative peri in digestive surgery. PATIENT AND METHOD: It was about a prospective and descriptive survey in the services of digestive surgery and anesthesia resuscitation from February to August 2014. The population of survey was constituted of the whole patients having benefitted an anesthesia for programmed digestive surgery. The statistical test used for the comparison of the qualitative variables was CHI2 with p <0,05 considered meaningful. RESULTS: during the period 125 files have been collected. The patients having presented at least an undesirable event were of 86 either 68,8%. These events had occurred in 77.9% of cases during the interview. The middle age was of 47.46±15, 68years with extremes of 18years. and 85 years. Sex ratio was of 1, 55. Patients were classified ASA I in 83.2%. The predominant operative indication was the gastric tumor in 26.4 % of the cases. General anesthesia was practiced in 82.4% of the cases. Anesthesia were achieved in 55.2% of the cases by male nurses' anesthetists and 44,8% by the students in diploma of studies specials(DES).Main recovered undesirable events were of cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive nature (nausea and vomiting). Intervening of the undesirable events was bound to the technique of anesthesia, Anesthetic time length of intervention, used narcotic and to the antecedents of the patients with p <0, 05. CONCLUSION: Factors of avoidable operative morbidity peri are nearly present in all our acts for digestive surgery. The formation of the staff and the setting to disposition of products better tolerated will permit to reduce these factors.

OBJECTIF: Etudier la morbidité péri-opératoire en chirurgie digestive. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale dans les services de chirurgie digestive et d'anesthésie réanimation de Février à août 2014. La population d'étude était constituée de l'ensemble des patients ayant bénéficié d'une anesthésie pour chirurgie digestive programmée. Le test statistique utilisé pour la comparaison des variables qualitatives a été le CHI2 avec p< 0,05 considérée comme significative. RÉSULTATS: pendant la période 125 dossiers de patients ont été colligés. Les patients ayant présenté au moins un événement indésirable étaient de 86 soit 68,8 %. Ces événements étaient survenus dans 77,9 % des cas à la phase d'entretien. L'âge moyen était de 47,46±15,68 avec des extrêmes de 18 ans et 85 ans. Le sexe ratio était de 1,55. Les patients étaient classés ASA I dans 83,2 %. L'indication opératoire prédominante était la tumeur gastrique avec 26,4 % des cas. L'anesthésie générale était pratiquée dans 82,4% des cas. L'anesthésies était réalisée dans 55,2 % des cas par les infirmiers anesthésistes et 44,8 % par les étudiants en diplôme d'études spéciales(DES). Les principaux événements indésirables retrouvés étaient de nature cardiovasculaire, respiratoire et digestive. La survenue des événements indésirables était liée à la technique d'anesthésie, au temps anesthésique, à la durée de l'intervention, au narcotique utilisé et aux antécédents des patients avec p < 0,05. CONCLUSION: Les facteurs de morbidité évitables péri-opératoire sont quasiment présents dans tous nos actes pour chirurgie digestive. La formation du personnel et la mise à disposition de produits mieux tolérés permettront de réduire ces facteurs.

[Caesarean at the Gabriel Touré University Hospital of Bamako: factors of morbi-mortality]. / Facteurs de morbi-mortalite de la Cesarienne au Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Gabriel Toure de Bamako.

INTRODUCTION: Following the progress made regarding anesthesia reanimation, caesarean have become a much safer procedure. However, factors of mobi-mortality are still numerous. The main objective of this study was to analyze the factors of morbi-mortality arising during a caesarean. PATIENT AND METHOD: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2007 to December 2011 in the gynecology-obstetric and anesthesia reanimation services of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital. The analysis looked at the medical files of women undergoing a caesarean and hospitalized in the gynecology-obstetric and anesthesia reanimation services. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS.19 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and the Epiinfo.7 softwares. Chi2 tests were performed to compare frequencies where a value of p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 269 medical files were analysed. Mean age was of 28.46 ± 6.702. The most frequent peroperative morbidity factors were cardiovascular. Death rate was of 5.2%. The most frequent cause of these deaths was eclampsia. Factors influencing morbi-mortalities were iterative caesareans and urgency of the caesarean. The evacuated mothers had presented complications in 37.3% of cases. CONCLUSION: The caesarean is a procedure that is not sufficiently safe in our services and there are a lot of factors of mobi-mortality.

INTRODUCTION: La sécurité au cours de la césarienne est devenue très grande grâce aux progrès de l'anesthésie réanimation. Cependant les facteurs de mobi-mortalité sont nombreux. Le but de ce travail était d'étudier les facteurs de morbi-mortalité au cours de la césarienne. PATIENTES ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale rétrospective de janvier 2007 à décembre 2011 dans les services de gynéco-obstétrique et d'anesthésie réanimation du centre hospitalier universitaire Gabriel TOURE. Elle a porté sur les dossiers des parturientes césarisées et hospitalisées dans les services de gynéco-obstétrique et d'anesthésie réanimation. L'analyse des données a été faite à l'aide du logiciel SPSS.19 (Statistical package for Social Sciences) et l'Epiinfo.7. Le test de khi2 était utilisé pour comparer les fréquences avec une valeur de p ≤ 0,05 considérée comme significative. RÉSULTATS: Le nombre de dossiers analysés était de 269. L'âge moyen était de 28,46 ± 6,702. Les événements morbides per opératoires fréquents étaient cardio-vasculaires. Le taux de létalité était de 5,2 %. La cause la plus fréquente des décès était l'éclampsie. Les facteurs de morbi-mortalités retrouvés ont été la césarienne itérative, le contexte urgent de la césarienne. Les parturientes évacuées avaient présenté une complication dans 37,3% des cas. CONCLUSION: La césarienne est un acte qui n'est pas suffisamment sûr dans notre structure. Les facteurs de mobi-mortalité sont nombreux.

Implementation of asthma guidelines in health centres of several developing countries.

SETTING: Nine selected out-patient clinics caring for asthma patients in Algeria, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mali, Morocco, Syria, Turkey and Vietnam. DESIGN: Prospective enrolment of consecutive patients considered by the practitioner to have asthma with evaluation of adherence of the practitioner with recommended standard case management, including proportion of patients confirmed to have asthma, proportion in whom severity was correctly graded and proportion in whom treatment with inhaled corticosteroids corresponded to severity grade. RESULTS: Of 499 consecutive patients, 456 (91%) were enrolled and evaluated. The diagnosis was confirmed in 263 (58%). Agreement between the practitioner and the guidelines in assigning grade of severity was moderate overall (kappa = 0.42). It was higher for assignment of grade using symptoms (K = 0.51), but poor for assignment of grade using peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate (kappa = 0.29), with practitioners tending to underestimate the severity. Agreement between the practitioners' assessment of severity and treatment with inhaled corticosteroids was poor (kappa = 0.18), with underutilisation of inhaled corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: Practitioners caring for asthma patients in this study tended to underutilise the PEF rate in assessing their patients and underutilised treatment of patients with inhaled corticosteroids.

Affordability of inhaled corticosteroids as a potential barrier to treatment of asthma in some developing countries.

SETTING: The cost and availability of the medications required for the treatment of asthma may represent potential barriers to effective management. METHOD: A survey of prices and policies for components of asthma treatment in 1998, in Algeria, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Syria, Turkey and Vietnam. RESULTS: Medications were consistently available in only four of the eight countries studied. The cost of essential medications for standard case management varied by over five times for beclomethasone and by over three times for inhaled salbutamol. In all but two countries, the cost of one year of drugs for treatment of a moderate, persistent case exceeded the monthly salary of a nurse in that country. The essential drugs list included inhaled salbutamol in five of eight countries and beclomethasone in three of eight. The costs of medications were lower where generic preparations were available and, to a lesser extent, where the medications are on the essential drugs list. CONCLUSIONS: The cost and availability of medications vary widely, and may represent an important barrier to effective management in some low and middle income countries.

[Purulent pleurisy in a specialized hospital environment in Bamako]. / Les pleurésies purulentes en milieu hospitalier spécialisé à Bamako.

We report the results of a retrospective study of 108 cases of pleural empyema collected in the Pneumo-Phthisiology Department of the National Hospital of "Point G" from September 1984 to August 1990. The sex-ratio is 3/1 in favour of males with a mean age of 35.5 years. The pleural empyema represent 2.2% of all patients admitted in the Hospital and 20.2% of liquid effusions of the Pleura observed during the study period. The causal common germ has been placed in a proeminent position in 18 cases (16.7%) including 14 cases of gram-positive germs. Tuberculous aetiology has been proven in 16 cases (27.6%) against 67 cases of bacterial pleuresies (62%). The initial treatment has consisted in an empirical antibiotherapy of a large spectrum associated with repeated washing punctions. A short-term antituberculous chemotherapy (8 months, 2RHZS(6TH)) has been administrated each time the tuberculous aetiology has been proven or strongly presumed. The therapeutic results have been favourable in 85 cases (78.7%) and unfavourable in 23 cases (21%) including 10 deaths (9.2%).

[The results of retreatment of pulmonary tuberculosis using a short 6-month protocol 1985-1991 in the pneumo-phthisiology department of the Point G hospital in Bamako]. / Résultats du retraitement de la tuberculose pulmonaire par un régime court de 6 mois de 1985-1991 dans le service de pneumo-phtisiologie de l'hôpital du point G à Bamako.

This study concerns 321 files of smear positive tuberculosis patients admitted in the pneumo-phtysiology service of Pt G Hospital for re-treatment from April 1985 to December 1991. The re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis with positive spits represent 13.3% of pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 10.1% of the whole tuberculosis diseases. High rate with a ratio of 3 men for a woman was found among men. The same conclusion was reached by SAMAKE (7). Patients age raking from 20 to 49 were the most affected in a proportion of 75.7%. Evolutive relapses were the principal reasons for re-treatment (71.2%) and take place above all among patient treated with the 12 months conventional regime. The conclusion reached corroborates those of STYBLO (8). The regime was 3RHZES3/3R3H3E3. The maximum of negating has been reached during the 3rd month with 93.4% rate. It has been during these 3 last months consolidation phase that the highest drop out has been noticed (17.1%). This is certainly due to the better off felt by patients. At the end of treatment 76.3% of the patients have recovered against 1.5% failure rate and 5.3% drop out. Our treatment regime, though different from those advised by WHO and IUATLD, is an efficient one. However in the new programme of fighting against tuberculosis of Mali, it has been decided to replace our treatment with that of WHO and IUATLD.

[Development of primary resistance of tuberculosis bacilli in Mali between 1980 and 1990]. / Evolution des résistances primaires des bacilles de la tuberculose au Mali entre 1980 et 1990.

The survey of the primary resistances of tuberculosis bacilli to drugs is not only important epidemiologically speaking, but also for its use as a guideline to defining programs, to assessing the quality and the practical development of chemotherapy in a country, to measuring the propensity of the resisting tuberculosis bacilli to infect a given population within some time and to taking the necessary remedial measures. The object of this study has been to compare the rate of initial drugs' resistances of tuberculosis bacilli in Mali between 1980-1982 and 1989-1990. The results, which show a fall in the primary resistances due to drugs and to the combination of antibiotics as well, are being discussed while taking account various factors related to the organization.

[Contribution of radiography and repeat microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the hospital environment of Bamako]. / Apport de la radiographie et de la bacilloscopie répétée dans le diagnostic de la tuberculose pulmonaire en milieu hospitalier à Bamako.

WHO and IUAT-LD recommend repeated microscopy in order to improve the detection of contagious cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Our aim was to determine the contributions of radiology and microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. From January 1998 to April 1999 radiography and microscopy were performed for 275 patients who were admitted to the pneumology service. Pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence was higher among women aged 10 to 29 years than among men of the same age (p = 10(-6)). 188 (68.4%) women tested positive, 49 (17.8%) tested positive at the second microscopy and 1 (0.36%) at the the third. The main radiological lesions were nodules + infiltrats (46.2%), nodules + infiltrats + cavity (26.2%) and infiltrats + cavity (6.5%). Repeated microscopy significantly increased the proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis cases detected (from a prevalence 68.4% to 86.5%).

[Factors in quitting antituberculous treatment in Bamako (Mali)]. / Les facteurs d'abandon du traitement antituberculeux à Bamako (Mali).

This is a descriptive study of 33 cases with recurrent tuberculosis in patients who abandoned their treatment, admitted between March and October 1991 in the Pulmonary Tuberculosis Service of the Hospital Point G. The aim of the study was to identify the reasons for stopping treatment and to propose corrective measures. One third of the patients registered in the study were agricultural workers. Sixteen per cent of those who stopped treatment did so in the first four months of treatment. The duration and the nature of the therapeutic regime had no influence on the attendance of the patients: 42% received a standard regime for twelve months and 45% a short regime for eight months. We thought that the poor motivation of the health personnel to counsel the patients correctly was the principal factor in influencing their attendance. Sixty seven per cent did not know the nature of their disease. The distance factor between home and the place of treatment was another important point which should be improved. Concrete proposals were made to improve the supervision and follow up of tuberculous patients.

[Epidemiological, clinical and progressive aspects of asthma observed at Bamako, Mali]. / Aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutifs de l'asthme observés à Bamako, Mali.

We carried out a prospective study of 106 of the 752 asthmatic patients attending the outpatient clinic of Point G Hospital, Bamako, between December 1997 and November 1998. We analyzed data for 61 patients whose lung function was assessed by measurement of peak expiratory flow. The frequency of asthma was 14.9%, suggesting regular progression of the disease. There were slightly more women than men (55.7% women) in the study population and the mean age of the patients was 31 years. Most of the patients (65.5%) were recruited in the dry season (November to May). Based on peak expiratory flow measurements, intermittent asthma was the most frequent type of asthma observed (37.8%), followed by moderate persistent asthma (34.4%), mild persistent asthma (18%) and severe persistent asthma (9.8%). The mean cost per episode of asthma was $36 (US) and the mean cost per patient was $432 (US) per year. In 52.45% of cases, the drugs required were available and the patient had access to them. They were available but not accessible in 26.22% of cases. To improve the management of asthma in countries with limited financial resources, generic drugs should be made available.

[Cardiac tolerance of a beta 2-sympathomimetic spray in 37 asthmatic adults monitored by Holter recording]. / Tolérance cardiaque d'un bêta 2-sympathomimétique en spray chez 37 adultes asthmatiques suivis par enregistrement Holter.

Thirty-seven asthmatic adults (27 women, 10 men), aged 28 to 70 yrs (mean 50. yrs), in a stable condition, were studied to assess the cardiac tolerance of B2SM sprays. These patients had no cardiac arrhythmia (checked by echocardiography), no hypertension and no hyperthyroidism. Two thirds had severe asthma, and 16 suffered from chronic asthma. After their condition was stabilized, they continued their previous treatment, consisting of theophylline (34 cases), moderate corticotherapy (19 cases), atropine spray (14 cases). Holter monitoring was performed before and 3 days after the institution of treatment by Fenoterol spray at 1,600 micrograms per day in 4 doses at fixed times. Gasometry was tested immediately before and during the protocol. Before B2SM treatment, 26 patients had a normal Holter, 11 had an abnormal first recording (4 important atrial ectopic beats (EBs), 5 ventricular EBs, 1 associating the two), 1 patient had an episode of ventricular tachycardia (VT). With Fenoterol, we observed (with no clinical manifestation) the aggravation of 1 pre-existing atrial EBs and 2 ventricular EBs. Two patients had a short episode of tachycardia but the role of Fenoterol was uncertain: one case was an elderly hypoxaemic patient and in the second a high theophylline level (20 mg/l) was found. The arrhythmogenic property peculiar to B2SM in spray form seems low at the dose we used. However in this study and in certain circumstances, such as hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis, or theophylline overload, the use B2SM may have contributed, together with other factors, to induce disquieting infraclinical cardiac dysrhythmia. We stress that this short-term study involved stable asthmatic patients under surveillance in hospital conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Radiographic and bacteriologic data on pulmonary tuberculosis in Bamako as a function of HIV status]. / Données radiographiques et bactériologiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire à Bamako en fonction du statut VIH.

This prospective study included patients treated for tuberculosis between January 998 and April 1999 in the pneumology unit of the Point G Hospital in Bamako. The purpose was to analyze chest x-ray and bacteriological findings in HIV+ and HIV- patients. All patients had clinical and radiographic signs suggestive of tuberculosis with one or several sputum samples and HIV serology. Among the 127 patients, 36 were HIV positive (28.3%). There was no sex predominance in the HIV+ patients (p = 0.3). The most common radiographic aspect associated nodules and infiltration irrespective of the immune status (p = 0.014). Characteristic features of the chest x-rays in HIV-positive patients were: frequent military forms and rare cavernous forms (p = 0.007). Sputum tests were positive more often in HIV-negative than HIV-positive patients (p = 0.0003). The diagnosis of tuberculosis was retained in 11.7% of the patients with negative microbiology despite repeated samples. A normal chest x-ray was observed solely in one HIV-negative patient.

[Uterine rupture during labor. Apropos of 21 cases observed at the gynecology-obstetric department of the National Hospital of Point-G]. / Les ruptures utérines au cours du travail. A propos de 21 cas observés au service de gynécologie-obstétrique de l'Hôpital National du Point-G.

Among accidents likely to complicate pregnancy, and in particular delivery, a ruptured uterus is considered serious. The foetus often dies, and the life of the mother is threatened: treatment has serious after effects on fecundity. This study covers certain aspects of uterus rupture crisis in a highly risk delivery specialization unit. The special purpose of the unit explains the high proportion of ruptures. The special purpose of the unit explains the high proportion of ruptures (11.5%). High multiparity and the lack of insufficiency of supervision during pregnancy and delivery constitute the greatest factors of risk.

[Tracheal intubation in the Emergency Unit: accidents and incidents in the teaching hospital of Gabriel Touré of Bamako]. / L'intubation tracheale au service d'accueil des urgences: accidents et incidents au centre hospitalo-universitaire de Gabriel Toure de Bamako.

INTRODUCTION: Intubation in urgency is characterized by a greater difficulty compared with intubation in situation regulated with the operating theatre suite. In urgency, the determination of the predictive anatomical factors of difficult intubation is secondary. The incidence of the complications of endotracheal intubations in urgency in the French system was 11,6% with a rate of failure to 0,5. OBJECTIVE: To study the incidents and accidents during endotracheal intubations in the service of reception of the urgencies with the Gabriel TOURE teaching hospital of Bamako. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2010 at September 2011 with the service of reception of the urgencies of the Gabriel Touré teaching hospital. All the intubated patients were included. All the patients received a clinical evaluation and paraclinic examinations. Clinical monitoring was carried out in the 24 hours following the accident. The statistical test which was used for the comparison of our results was Khi 2 with a threshold of significance fixed at P<0,05. RESULTS: For the period of study 120 cases of accidents and incidents were collected for 320 intubated patients - a frequency of 37,5%. The age bracket 15 - 29 was prevalent representing 30,8 % of patients. The sex ratio was 2,3 in favour of men. In 44.3% of cases patients died in the 24 hours following intervention. Only patients admitted for cranial traumatism presented undesirable side effects in 50% of the cases versus 50% for the other joined reasons for admission. CONCLUSION: The accidents during endotracheal intubation in urgent interventions are considerable, hence the acquisition of more suitable material and good training would decrease incidence.

INTRODUCTION: L'intubation en urgence se caractérise par une plus grande difficulté comparée à l'intubation en situation réglée au bloc opératoire. En urgence, la détermination des facteurs anatomiques prédictifs de l'intubation difficile est secondaire. L'incidence des complications des intubations endotrachéales en urgence dans le système français était de 11,6% avec un taux d'échec à 0,5%. OBJECTIF: Etait d'étudier les incidents et accidents au cours des intubations endotrachéales dans le service d'accueil des urgences au CHU Gabriel TOURE de Bamako. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale prospective d'octobre 2010 à septembre 2011 au service d'accueil des urgences du C.H.U. Gabriel Touré. Tous les patients intubés étaient inclus. Tous les patients avaient bénéficié d'une évaluation clinique et des examens paracliniques. Une surveillance clinique était effectuée dans les 24 heures premières heures après l'accident. Le test statistique qui a été utilisé pour la comparaison de nos résultats était le Khi2 avec un seuil de signification fixé à P<0 ,05. RÉSULTATS: Pendant la période d'étude 120 cas d'accidents et incidents ont été colligés sur 320 patients intubés soit une fréquence de 37,5%. La tranche d'âge 15 ­ 29 était prédominante avec 30,8 %. Le sex ratio était de 2,3 en faveur des hommes. Les patients étaient décédés dans les 24 Heures dans 44,3 % des cas. Les patients admis pour traumatisme crânien avaient présenté à eux seuls des événements indésirables dans 50 % des cas contre 50 % pour les autres motifs d'admission réunis. CONCLUSION: Les accidents au cours de l'intubation endotrachéale en urgence sont considérables dont l'acquisition de matériel adapté et une bonne formation diminueraient.

[Miliary tuberculosis in Mali during the decade 2000-2009]. / Miliaire tuberculeuse au Mali pendant la décennie 2000-2009.

In order to describe the epidemio-clinical and evolutionary aspects of miliary tuberculosis (TB) in Mali, a retrospective study of 10 years (1 January 2000 to December 31, 2009) was conducted in the service of pneumo-phtisiology at the university hospital of point G. It concerned all patients with radiological images compatible with miliary TB, signs of bacillary impregnation, bacillus or not, treated with antituberculosis drugs. Of 3630 TB patients all forms recorded during the study period, 183 miliary were recorded (5%) including 117 men and 66 women. Young adults between 29-45 years were more represented (52%). The average diagnostic delay was 3.7 months. The symptomatology was dominated by the fever (100%), cough (90.1%) and asthenia (86.3%), anorexia (81.9%). The radiological images types of micronodular opacities were the most frequent in 147 cases (80.3%) against 36 cases of (19.7%) macronodular types. Bacteriological examination of sputum was negative in 139 patients (76%) and positive in 44 patients (24%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of an excavation in Chest radiography and smear positivity (P<0.001). The clinical improvement observed (55.7%) depended on the time of the diagnosis (P<0.001). The serology HIV was positive at 29 patients on 124 tested. Also, in areas with high prevalence TB/HIV, any miliary fever in the absence of other obvious etiologies should undertake without delay TB proper treatment.

Facteurs de morbi-mortalité de la césarienne au centre hospitalo-Universitaire Gabriel Touré de Bamako

La sécurité au cours de la césarienne est devenue très grande grâce aux progrès de l'anesthésie réanimation.Cependant les facteurs de mobi-mortalité sont nombreux. Le but de ce travail était d'étudier les facteurs de morbi-mortalité au cours de la césarienne. Patientes et méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale rétrospective de janvier 2007 à décembre 2011 dans les services de gynéco-obstétrique et d'anesthésie réanimation du centre hospitalier universitaire Gabriel TOURE. Elle a porté sur les dossiers des parturientes césarisées et hospitalisées dans les services de gynéco-obstétrique et d'anesthésie réanimation. L'analyse des données a été faite à l'aide du logiciel SPSS.19 (Statistical package for Social Sciences) et l'Epiinfo.7. Le test de khi2était utilisé pour comparer les fréquences avec une valeur de p ≤0,05 considérée comme significative. Résultats : Le nombre de dossiers analysés était de 269. L'âge moyen était de 28,46 ± 6,702. Les événements morbides per opératoires fréquents étaient cardio-vasculaires. Le taux de létalité était de 5,2 %. La cause la plus fréquente des décès était l'éclampsie. Les facteurs de morbi-mortalités retrouvés ont été la césarienne itérative, le contexte urgent de la césarienne. Les parturientes évacuées avaient présenté une complication dans 37,3% des cas. Conclusion :La césarienne est un acte qui n'est pas suffisamment sûr dans notre structure. Les facteurs de mobi-mortalité sont nombreux

[Indications for admitting patients with respiratory conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa]. / Motifs d'admission des patients en milieu pneumologique noir africain.

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory diseases are the cause of a larger number of consultations than any other organ pathology; and general practitioners therefore spend considerable time treating them. The aim of this work was to investigate the indication for admission to hospital in patients with respiratory disease in a Sub-Saharan African context. PATIENTS: This was a retrospective observational study of the indications for admission to the pneumology department of the University Hospital of Point G. in Bamako, between January 2000 and December 2009. Admission registers were used to verify data recorded in patients' medical records. RESULTS: Twelve thousand six hundred and forty records were collected; 8621 men and 4019 women, mean age 49±13.5 years. 80.3% of admissions were for respiratory diseases and 19.7% for non-respiratory diseases largely cardiovascular and digestive conditions. The admission diagnosis and definitive diagnoses were dominated by tuberculosis, which made up 67% and 60% of cases respectively (P=0.000). The diagnosis was not specified in 2% of cases. CONCLUSION: The reason for admission to the respiratory service varied and included a proportion of non-respiratory diseases. We meet respiratory and non-respiratory affections. Among pulmonary diseases, tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia and pleurisy are the main reasons for admission.

[Pleural puncture biopsy in the aetiological diagnosis of pleurisy]. / Ponction biopsie pleurale dans le diagnostic étiologique des pleurésies.

INTRODUCTION: Pleurisy represents a worrying situation because of the difficulty of aetiological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of pleural puncture biopsy (PPB) in the diagnosis of pleurisy. METHODS: A prospective study of the contribution of the pleural puncture biopsy in the pulmonary service of Bamako (Mali) from 2005 to 2009. PPB was used in the investigation of exudative, non-purulent pleurisy of unknown aetiology. Castelin biopsy forceps were used. RESULTS: Pleurisy was the reason for 20% of the total admissions of 6374 patients. The PPB was performed in 390 patients or 30.6% of the cases of pleurisy. The HIV test was performed in 341 patients (87.4%), of whom 72 cases (21.1%) were positive. The pleural biopsies were: lymphocytic (68.7%), mixed cellular (17.1%). Histological interpretation was possible in 367 biopsy specimens, a yield of 94.1%. Tuberculous granulomata were found in 65.1% with a close relationship to HIV status (P<0.004). Pleural cancer was found in 16.1%. CONCLUSION: The PPB is easy to perform at a low cost. It permits the diagnosis of tuberculous and neoplastic pleurisy, particularly in low income countries with a high prevalence of TB/HIV.