RESUMO
New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is one of the frequent complications following kidney transplantation. Patients were randomized to receive cyclosporine A- or tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Fasting and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed, and the patients were assigned to one of the following three groups based on the results: normal, impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), or NODAT. NODAT developed in 14% of patients receiving cyclosporine A-based immunosuppression and in 26% of patients taking tacrolimus (p = 0.0002). Albumin levels were similar, but uric acid level (p = 0.002) and the age of the recipient (p = 0.003) were significantly different comparing the diabetic and the normal groups. Evaluation of tissue samples revealed that acute cellular rejection (ACR) and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) were significantly different in the NODAT group. The pathological effect of new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation can be detected in the morphology of the renal allograft earlier, before the development of any sign of functional impairment.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Calcineurina , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus/induzido quimicamente , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Tacrolimo/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Atrofia , Biópsia , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Calcineurina/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Fibrose , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Incidência , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/imunologia , Rim/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and its effects on the kidney allograft function and morphology were assessed. Patients were divided into three groups according to their glucose metabolism. Risk factors for diabetes were first assessed, and then changes in renal function were checked. Morphological changes in the allografts were examined by protocol biopsies. The overall incidence of diabetes was 16%. The development of diabetes was influenced significantly by the body mass index, the body weight and the age of the recipient. The incidence of diabetes was 8.6% in patients on cyclosporine A therapy and 28.8% in those on tacrolimus (p < 0.05). As to the morphology of the kidney, a significantly higher proportion of the biopsies showed severe interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (p = 0.0004) and subclinical acute rejection ( p = 0.001) in the diabetic group compared to the normal one. This clinical study has revealed that the adverse effect of diabetes on the allograft can be detected with protocol biopsy before the manifestation of a functional deterioration.