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Background: Polypharmacy is commonly observed in atrial fibrillation (AF) and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Our study aimed to elucidate the polypharmacy prevalence, its associated risk factors, and its relationship with adverse clinical outcomes using a 'real-world' database. Methods: This study included 451,368 subjects without prior history of AF (median age, 54 [interquartile range, 48.0-63.0] years; 207,748 [46.0%] female) from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening (NHIS-HealS) database between 2002 and 2013. All concomitant medications prescribed were collected, and the intake of five or more concomitant drugs was defined as polypharmacy. During the follow-up, all-cause death, major bleeding events, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke, and admission due to worsened heart failure were recorded. Results: Based on up to 7.7 (6.8-8.3) years of follow-up and 768,306 person-years, there were 12,241 cases of new-onset AF identified. Among patients with new-onset AF (40.0% females, median age 63.0 [54.0-70.0] years), the polypharmacy prevalence was 30.9% (3784). For newly diagnosed AF, factors, such as advanced age (with each increase of 10 years, odds ratios (OR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.40), hypertension (OR 4.00, 95% CI 3.62-4.43), diabetes mellitus (OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.86-3.70), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.51-3.57), TIA/ischemic stroke (OR 2.36, 95% CI 2.03-2.73), dementia history (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.06-4.98), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.38-2.82), and heart failure (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.69-2.26), were found to be independently correlated with the incidence of polypharmacy. Polypharmacy significantly increased the incidence and risk of major bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.12-1.41). The study observed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of all-cause mortality, however, the risk for all-cause mortality elevated but did not show significance (aHR 1.11, 95% CI 0.99-1.24). The risk of stroke and admission for heart failure did not change with polypharmacy. Conclusions: In our investigation using data from a nationwide database, polypharmacy was widespread in new-onset AF population and was related to major bleeding events. However, polypharmacy does not serve as an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes, with exception of major bleeding event. For AF patients, ensuring tailored medication for comorbidities as well as reducing polypharmacy are essential considerations.
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Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have gained traction as emitters owing to their excellent optical properties, such as facile bandgap tuning, defect tolerance, and high color purity. Nevertheless, blue-emitting MHP light-emitting diodes (LEDs) show only marginal progress in device efficiency compared with green and red LEDs. Herein, the origin of the drop in efficiency of blue-emitting perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) by mixing halides and the genesis of Ruddlesden-Popper faults (RPFs) in CsPbBrX Cl3-X nanocrystals is investigated. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations, the authors have found that RPFs induce possible nonradiative recombination pathways owing to the high chloride vacancy concentration nearby. The authors further confirm that the blue-emitting PNCs do not show RPFs post-halide exchange in the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. By introducing the post-halide exchange treatment, high-efficiency pure blue-emitting (464 nm) PNC-based LEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 2.1% and excellent spectral stability with a full-width at half-maximum of 14 nm are obtained.
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BACKGROUND: Severe aortic stenosis (AS) may lead to acute decompensated heart failure resistant to medical treatment. Here, we report a successful emergent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in a patient presenting with decompensated severe AS accompanied by cardiorenal syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: A 82-year-old man presented at our emergency department with aggravated dyspnea. His chest X-ray showed bilateral pulmonary edema, and laboratory examination revealed acute kidney injury. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed low-flow, low-gradient AS with decreased left ventricular systolic function. With a diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure combined with cardiorenal syndrome, we opted to perform emergent TAVR. Ultimately, we successfully performed emergent TAVR using only TTE and 3-D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) measurements. CONCLUSIONS: This report presents a case of decompensated severe AS accompanied by cardiorenal syndrome that was treated successfully with emergent TAVR. Thus, emergent TAVR using only echocardiography measurements is a feasible and safe option for treating decompensated heart failure accompanied by cardiorenal syndrome the clinical setting.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Síndrome Cardiorrenal/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Síndrome Cardiorrenal/diagnóstico , Síndrome Cardiorrenal/fisiopatologia , Ecocardiografia Doppler em Cores , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Eletrocardiografia , Emergências , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
There are little direct comparative evidences of strategies between ≥50% and the absolute target goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level <55 mg/100 ml for the patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of different strategies between 2 groups of patients who underwent PCI. A total of 3,104 patients with previous PCI were retrospectively enrolled from 2014 to 2020 at Yeungnam University Medical Center. The study population was stratified into 2 groups based on whether the LDL-C level was <55 mg/100 ml at the 1-year mark or not. Furthermore, the 50% reduction rate of LDL-C was also categorized based on whether it had decreased by ≥50% from the initial LDL-C level at the 1-year mark. The primary end point was 3-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) which were defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, hospitalization for heart failure, or nonfatal stroke. There was no significant difference between the LDL <55 mg/100 ml group and the LDL ≥55 mg/100 ml group in the risk of MACEs (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.38, p = 0.690) after propensity score matching. However, the group that achieved ≥50% reduction of LDL-C from baseline LDL-C level showed a significant reduction in the occurrence of MACEs in the subgroup of LDL-C level ≥55 mg/100 ml (hazard ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.89, p = 0.025) compared with the group with <50% reduction of LDL-C. In all patients, the achievement rate of target LDL-C <55 mg/100 ml and more than 50% reduction from baseline was 17.2%. In conclusion, guideline-directed management strategy of ≥50% reduction of LDL-C from the baseline will be needed to reduce the incidence of MACEs in patients with LDL-C ≥55 mg/100 ml who underwent PCI. Additional efforts to increase the target goal achievement rate of LDL-C are warranted.
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Infarto do Miocárdio , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Humanos , LDL-Colesterol , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Background: The impact of delaying atrial fibrillation catheter ablation (AFCA) for antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) management on the disease course remains unclear. This study investigated AFCA rhythm outcomes based on the diagnosis-to-ablation time (DAT) and AAD responsiveness in participants with persistent AF (PeAF). Methods: We included data from 1038 AAD-resistant PeAF participants, all of whom had a clear time point for AF diagnosis, especially PeAF at diagnosis time, and had undergone an AFCA for the first time. Participants who experienced recurrences of paroxysmal type on AAD therapy were analyzed as a cohort of AAD-partial responders; those maintaining PeAF on AAD were AAD-non-responders. We determined the DAT cutoff for best discriminating long-term rhythm outcomes using a maximum log-likelihood estimation method based on the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Of the participants (79.8% male; median age 61), 806 (77.6%) were AAD-non-responders. AAD-non-responders had a higher body mass index and a larger left atrial diameter than AAD-partial-responders. They also had a higher incidence of AF recurrence after AFCA (adjusted hazard ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.33-2.30; log-rank p < .001) compared to AAD-partial-responders. The maximum log-likelihood estimation showed bimodal cutoffs at 22 and 40 months. The optimal DAT cutoff rhythm outcome was 22 months, which discriminated better in the AAD-partial-responders than in the AAD-non-responders. Conclusions: Both DAT and AAD responsiveness influenced AFCA rhythm outcomes. Delaying AFCA to a DAT of longer than 22 months was inadvisable, particularly in the participants in whom PeAF was changed to paroxysmal AF during AAD therapy.
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Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has gained much attention, providing structural and functional information in combination with clinical ultrasound (US) imaging systems. 2D PA and US imaging is easily implemented, but its heavy dependence on operator skills makes 3D imaging preferable. In this study, we propose a panoramic volumetric clinical PA and US imaging system equipping a handheld imaging scanner weighing 600 g and measuring 70 × 62 × 110 mm3. Multiple PA/US scans were performed to cover a large field-of-view (FOV), and the acquired PA/US volumes were mosaic-stitched after manually correcting the positions and rotations in a total of 6 degrees of freedom. PA and US maximum amplitude projection images were visualized online, while spectral unmixed data was quantified offline. The performance of the system was tested via tissue-mimicking phantom experiments. The system's potential was confirmed in vivo by panoramically imaging vascular networks in human arms and necks, with FOVs of 331 × 38 and 129 × 120 mm2, respectively. Further, we quantified hemoglobin oxygen saturation levels in the radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery, and jugular vein. We hope that this system can be applied for various clinical fields such as cardiovascular imaging, dermatology, vascular surgery, internal medicine, and oncology.
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Catheter ablation (CA) is a well-established therapy for rhythm control in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, CA outcomes for persistent AF remain unsatisfactory because of the high recurrence rate despite time-consuming efforts and the latest ablation technology. Therefore, the selection of good responders to CA is necessary. Surface electrocardiography (sECG)-based complexity parameters were tested for the predictive ability of procedural termination failure during CA and late recurrence of atrial arrhythmias (AA) after CA. A total of 130 patients with nonparoxysmal AF who underwent CA for the first time were investigated. A 10-second sECG of 4 leads (leads I, II, V1, and V6) was analyzed to compute the fibrillatory wave amplitude (FWA), dominant frequency (DF), spectral entropy (SE), organization index (OI), and sample entropy (SampEn). The study endpoints were procedural termination failure during CA and late (≥1 year) AA recurrence after CA. In the multivariate analysis, FWA in lead V1 and DF in lead I were independent predictors of successful AF termination during CA (P <.05). The optimal cut-off values for FWA in lead V1 and DF in lead I were 60.38 µV (area under the curve [AUC], 0.672; P = .001) and 5.7 Hz (AUC, 0.630; P = .016), respectively. The combination of FWA of lead V1 and DF of lead I had a more powerful odds ratio for predicting procedural termination failure (OR, 8.542; 95% CI, 2.938-28.834; P < .001). FWA in lead V1 was the only independent predictor of late recurrence after CA. The cut-off value is 65.73 µV which was 0.634 of the AUC (P = .009). These sECG parameters, FWA in lead V1 and DF in lead I, predicted AF termination by CA in patients with nonparoxysmal AF. In particular, FWA in lead V1 was an independent predictor of late recurrence of AA after CA.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Ablação por Cateter , Área Sob a Curva , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos , Recidiva , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland neoplasm with a variety of histologic appearances. Due to this diversity, precise preoperative diagnosis through fine needle aspiration cytology is difficult.This study sought to identify the differentially expressed genes in pleomorphic adenoma to aid precise diagnosis and clarify the mechanism of tumorigenesis.Suppressive subtractive hybridization was performed on pleomorphic adenoma tissues and the corresponding normal salivary gland tissues to screen of the differential expression of genes in pleomorphic adenoma.Four known genes (microfibrillar associated protein 4 [MFAP4], dystonin [DST], solute carrier family 35 [SLC35], and potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 15 [KCTD15]) were differentially expressed in the tumors compared with the genes in normal tissues. The expression profiles were further confirmed in 15 pleomorphic adenoma and corresponding normal salivary gland tissues by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.MFAP4, DST, SLC35, and KCTD15 gene expression could be potential biomarkers of pleomorphic adenoma for precise diagnosis.
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Adenoma Pleomorfo/metabolismo , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/metabolismo , Adenoma Pleomorfo/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to demonstrate the prevalence and risk factors of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with xerostomia and to investigate the association between salivary function and LPR. STUDY DESIGN: The prevalence of LPR among patients with xerostomia was analyzed and the clinical and salivary gland function were compared between 2 groups; the non-LPR and the LPR groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of LPR was 82.2% in patients with xerostomia. The presence of LPR was correlated with the unstimulated or stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR). LPR did not correlate with scintigraphy findings except time to the minimum count of the parotid gland. Low stimulated SFR and unstimulated SFR were recognized as independent risk factors of LPR. A significant correlation was observed between the Reflux Symptom Index and the xerostomia symptoms score. Furthermore, RFS also correlated with unstimulated and stimulated SFR. CONCLUSIONS: This finding supports that salivary secretory function has an impact on LPR.
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Refluxo Laringofaríngeo , Xerostomia , Humanos , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: We investigated patients' clinical and radiological data to determine preoperative factors that predict cholesterol gallbladder (GB) polyps of large size, which can be helpful for decision on further diagnostic tools. METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 126 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for GB polyps >10 mm diagnosed preoperatively by abdominal ultrasonography between February 2002 and February 2016 in Department of Surgery, Sanggye Paik Hospital. Patients were divided into non-cholesterol polyps group and cholesterol polyps group, based on the postoperative pathologic diagnosis. Clinical and radiological data, such as gender, age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), laboratory findings, size, number and shape of the polypoid lesions, and presence of the concurrent GB stone were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 126 cases, 73 had cholesterol polyps (57.9%) and 53 cases were non-cholesterol polyps (42.1%). The younger age (<48.5 years), size of polyp <13.25 mm and multiple polyps were independent predictive variables for cholesterol polyps, with odd ratios (OR) of 2.352 (p=0.045), 5.429 (p<0.001) and 0.472 (p<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Age, size and polyp number were used to predict cholesterol GB polyp among polypoid lesions of the gallbladder >10 mm. For cases in which these factors are not applicable, it is strongly recommended to evaluate further diagnostic tools, such as computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography and tumor markers.