Sphingomonas Immobilis sp. nov., and Sphingomonas natans sp. nov. bacteria isolated from soil.

Two novel strains of bacteria, CA1-15T and BIUV-7T, were isolated from soil samples gathered in Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea, and Inje-gun, Republic of Korea, respectively. These bacteria are Gram-negative, aerobic, and non-motile. Phylogenetic evaluations, using the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, showed that strains CA1-15T and BIUV-7T belong to a distinctive clade within the family Sphingomonadaceae (order Sphingomonadales, class Alphaproteobacteria). The strains exhibited the highest similarity in their genetic makeup with representatives of the genus Sphingomonas. Strain CA1-15T was closely related to Sphingomonas echinoides NRRL B-3126T (97.8% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence), Sphingomonas oligophenolica JCM 12,082T (97.8%), Sphingomonas glacialis C16yT (97.6%) and Sphingomonas psychrolutea MDB1-AT (97.3%). Strain BIUV-7T was closely related to Sphingomonas nostoxanthinifaciens AK-PDB1-5T (97.0%), Sphingomonas vulcanisoli SN6-13T (96.3%), Sphingomonas naphthae DKC-5-1T (96.2%), and Sphingomonas prati W18RDT (95.7%). The optimal growth conditions for strains CA1-15T and BIUV-7T were determined to be at pH 7.0 and a temperature of 25 °C. Analysis of the cellular fatty acids of strain CA1-15T and BIUV-7T revealed that summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c) (60.4%), summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c) (62.9%) were the major component, respectively. Additionally, both strains exhibited ubiquinone Q-10 as their major respiratory quinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), glycosphingolipid (SGL), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as the major polar lipid. The genome of strain CA1-15T measures 4,133,944 bp, comprising 4,026 coding sequences (CDSs) and 46 tRNA genes. Similarly, the genome of strain BIUV-7T is 4,563,252 bp, characterized by 4,226 CDSs and 44 tRNA genes. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain CA1-15T and other Sphingomonas species range from 73.2 to 79.9% and 19.4-22.9%, respectively. Comparatively, ANI and dDDH values between strain BIUV-7T and other Sphingomonas species are in the range of 72.9-76.5% and 19.3-20.9%, respectively. Based on the biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analyses, it is evident that strains CA1-15T and BIUV-7T represent two novel bacterial species within the genus Sphingomonas. Accordingly, the names Sphingomonas immobilis sp. nov. and Sphingomonas natans sp. nov. are proposed. also, CA1-15T(= KCTC 92960T = NBRC 116547T) is the type strain of Sphingomonas immobilis and BIUV-7T(= KCTC 92961T = NBRC 116546T) is the type strain of Sphingomonas natans.

Hymenobacter translucens sp. nov. and Hymenobacter pini sp. nov. isolated from soil.

Two novel bacterial strains BT175T and BT728T were isolated from soil collected in the Republic of Korea. Both strains were Gram stain negative, rod shaped, and had circular, convex, and pink-colored colonies. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the strains BT175T and BT728T was 93.6%, indicating that they represent a distinct species. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strains BT175T and BT728T belong to a distinct lineage within the genus Hymenobacter (family Hymenobacteraceae, order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia, phylum Bacteroidetes). Strain BT175T was closely related to Hymenobacter persicinus 1-3-3-3T (97.2%, 16S rRNA gene similarity), Hymenobacter knuensis 16F7C-2T (96.6%), and Hymenobacter daejeonensis PB105T (96.1%). Strain BT728T was closely related to Hymenobacter rigui KCTC 12533T (98.4%), Hymenobacter metallilatus 9PBR-2T (97.6%), and Hymenobacter perfusus LMG26000T (97.4%). Strain BT175T and BT728T were found to have the MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. The DNA G + C content of strain BT175T was 61.6 mol% and BT728T was 59.6 mol%, respectively. Characterization based on polyphasic analysis indicated that strains BT175T and BT728T represent novel species of the genus Hymenobacter and the names Hymenobacter translucens sp. nov. and Hymenobacter pini sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of Hymenobacter translucens is BT175T (= KCTC 72330T = NBRC 115441T) and Hymenobacter pini is BT728T (= KACC 22629T = NBRC 115444T).

Hymenobacter lucidus sp. nov., and Hymenobacter nitidus sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Two novel bacterial strains BT178T and BT635T were isolated from soil collected in Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea. Both strains were Gram-negative, rod-shaped circular, and had convex, glistening, pink-colored colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that each of the strains BT178T and BT635T formed an individual lineage within the genus Hymenobacter (family Hymenobacteraceae, order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia, phylum Bacteroidetes). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains BT178T and BT635T were 97.7%. Both strains had Q-7 as the major respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as the major polar lipids. The main cellular fatty acids of strain BT178T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, and those of strain BT635T were iso-C15:0 and Summed Feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I / anteiso-C17:1 B). Based on the result of polyphasic taxonomic analysis, two novel species, Hymenobacter lucidus BT178T (= KCTC 72333T = NBRC 115442T) and Hymenobacter nitidus BT635T (= KACC 21904T = NBRC 115443T) were proposed.

Microvirga jeongseonensis sp. nov., isolated from soil in South Korea.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, convex, and light pink-colored strain BT688T was isolated from a soil sample collected in Jeongseon City, South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain BT688T belongs to a distinct lineage within the genus Microvirga (family Methylobacteriaceae, order Rhizobiales, class Alphaproteobacteria, phylum Proteobacteria). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain BT688T and Microvirga aerilata 5420S-16T was 98.5%. Strain BT688T had Q-10 as a major respiratory quinone and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidilglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The major cellular fatty acids of strain BT688T were C18:1 ω7c (76.0%) and summed feature 3 (9.6%). Based on the polyphasic characteristics, strain BT688T represents a novel bacterial species within the genus Microvirga and the proposed name is Microvirga jeongseonensis. The type strain of Microvirga jeongseonensis is BT688T (= KCTC 82701T = NBRC 114857T).

Microvirga terrestris sp. nov., and Microvirga arvi sp. nov., isolated from soil in South Korea.

Two novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod shaped bacterial strains BT290T and BT689T were isolated from soil collected in South Korea. Colony morphologies of both strains were circular and convex while the colors of BT290T and BT689T were light-pink and white, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that BT290T and BT689T belong to a distinct lineage within the genus Microvirga (family Methylobacteriaceae, order Rhizobiales, class Alphaproteobacteria, phylum Proteobacteria, kingdom Bacteria). The 16S rR NA gene sequence similarity between two strains was 97.9%. Both strains had the similar quinone system, with ubiquinone 10 (Q-10) as the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of strains BT290T and BT689T were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The major cellular fatty acids of strain BT290T were C18:1 ω7c (58.2%) and C16:0 (17.7%), while those of strain BT689T were C18:1 ω7c (61.8%) and C16:0 (10.8%). On the bases of polyphasic analysis (phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and biochemical), strains BT290T and BT689T can be suggested as novel bacterial species within the genus Microvirga and the proposed names are Microvirga terrestris and Microvirga arvi, respectively. The type strain of Microvirga terrestris is BT290T (= KCTC 72367T = NBRC 114844T) and the type strain of Microvirga arvi is BT689T (= KACC 22016T = NBRC 114858T), respectively.

Larkinella humicola sp. nov., a gamma radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from soil.

A Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, and pink-pigmented bacterial strain, designated MA1T, was isolated from a soil sample from Gijang-gun, Busan in Republic of Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MA1T belonged to the genus Larkinella and was closely related to "Larkinella punicea" (97.5% similarity), Larkinella rosea 15J16-1T3AT (96.5%), and Larkinella knui 15J6-3T6T (96.2%). Polar lipid profile of strain MA1T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and three unidentified lipids. Menaquinone-7 was the only quinone and the main fatty acids were C16:1 ω5c (36.7%), iso-C15:0 (30.0%), iso-C17:0 3-OH (7.7%), and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH) (7.3%). The genomic DNA G + C content was 52.3 mol% based on the whole-genome analysis. Strain MA1T exhibited a relatively low level of ANI and in silico DDH values with "Larkinella punicea" (91.9 and 47.1%, respectively), Larkinella rosea (79.7 and 23.3%), and Larkinella knui (81.9 and 25.7%). Based on its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain MA1T should be classified in the genus Larkinella as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Larkinella humicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MA1T (= KCTC 72629T = NBRC 114191T).

Hymenobacter telluris sp. nov., isolated from soil in South Korea.

Two novel bacterial strains, designated as BT186T and BT505, were isolated from a soil sample collected in South Korea and characterized. Both strains were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, circular, convex, and had red-colored colonies. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the strains BT186T and BT505 was 100%, indicating that they represent an identical species. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strains BT186T and BT505 belong to a distinct lineage within the genus Hymenobacter (family Hymenobacteraceae, order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia, phylum Bacteroidetes, Kingdom Bacteria). Both strains were closely related to Hymenobacter norwichensis DSM 15439T (98.3% 16S rRNA gene similarity), Hymenobacter aquaticus JCM 31653T (96.8%), and Hymenobacter perfusus LMG26000T (96.5%). Strain BT186T was found to have the MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipid of strain BT186T was identified to be phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The major cellular fatty acid profiles of strain BT186T were C16:1 ω5c (24.3%), iso-C15:0 (20.3%) and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c) (19.9%). Characterization based on polyphasic analysis indicated that strains BT186T and BT505 represent novel species of the genus Hymenobacter and the name Hymenobacter telluris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hymenobacter telluris is BT186T (= KCTC 72338T = NBRC 114968T).

Hymenobacter armeniacus sp. nov. and Hymenobacter montanus sp. nov., two radiation-resistant bacteria from soil.

Two bacterial strains, designated BT189T and BT664T, were isolated from soil sampled in the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains BT189T and BT664T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter, family Hymenobacteraceae (order Cytophagales). The 16S rRNA genes of the two strains shared a sequence similarity of 93.7 %. The closely related species of strain BT189T were Hymenobacter rubidus DG7BT (97.1 % 16S rRNA similarity) and Hymenobacter terrae DG7AT (96.7 %). The closest related species to strain BT664T were Hymenobacter sedentarius DG5BT (95.3 %) and Hymenobacter terrenus MIMtkLc17T (95.2 %). The genome sizes of strains BT189T and BT664T were 5 285 287 and 5 475 357 bp, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains BT189T and BT664T were 63.2 and 59.3 mol%, respectively. The main fatty acids of strain BT189T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c/C16 : 1 ω7c), and those of strain BT664T were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1 ω5c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c/C16 : 1 ω7c). The main polar lipid in both strains was phosphatidylethanolamine and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, supporting the affiliation of these strains with the genus Hymenobacter. Based on the results of biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, two novel species, Hymenobacter armeniacus BT189T (=KCTC 72341T=NBRC 114843T) and Hymenobacter montanus BT664T (KACC 21967T=NBRC 114856T), are proposed.

Microvirga splendida sp. nov., bacteria isolated from soil.

Two bacterial strains, BT325T and BT690, were isolated from soil samples collected in Korea. Both strains were Gram stain-negative, short rod-shaped, and formed light-pink colored colonies. The 16S rRNA sequence similarity of strains BT325T and BT690 shared a sequence similarity of 99.7%. Both strains shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity of 98.6% with Microvirga arabica SV2184PT, followed by Microvirga ossetica V5/3 M T (98.5% and 98.2%, respectively), Microvirga soli R491T (98.3% and 98.2%, respectively), Microvirga aerilata (98.2% and 98.08%, respectively), Microvirga makkahensis (98.08% and 97.8%, respectively). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BT325T and BT690 were positioned in a distinct lineage within the family Methylobacteriaceae (order Rhizobiales, class Alphaproteobacteria). The genome size of strain BT325T was 5,200,315 bp and the genomic DNA G + C content was 64.3 mol%. The sole respiratory quinone of strain BT325T was Q-10 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. Polyphasic taxonomic analysis of biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analyses suggested that strains BT325T represents a novel bacterial species within the genus Microvirga, for which the name Microvirga splendida is proposed. The type strain of Microvirga splendida is BT325T (= KCTC 72406 T = NBRC 114847 T).

Pedobacter segetis sp. nov., a Novel Bacterium Isolated from Soil.

A Gram-negative, motile by gliding, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated SD-bT, was isolated from a soil sample collected on Dokdo Island, South Korea. A polyphasic approach based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses was used to characterize the new isolate. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain SD-bT belonged to the family Sphingobacteriaceae and most closely related to Pedobacter psychrophilus P4487AT (95.9% similarity). The isolate contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone; its main polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine; and the major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c; 32.0%), C15:0 iso (19.1%), C17:0 iso 3-OH (8.3%), and C16:0 (8.2%). The draft genome had a length of 3,842,102 bp with a G+C content of 36.0 mol%, predicting 3282 coding sequences, 3 rRNA genes, 3 ncRNAs, and 36 tRNAs genes. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain SD-bT and P. psychrophilus LMG 29436T were 22.0% and 78.9%, respectively. The results of phenotypic properties, genotypic distinctiveness, and chemotaxonomic features support the discrimination of SD-bT from its phylogenetic relatives. Pedobacter segetis sp. nov. is therefore proposed with SD-bT (= KCTC 82351T = JCM 34283T) as the type strain.

Rufibacter radiotolerans sp. nov., a novel gamma-radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from rice field.

A red-pigmented isolate, designated DG31DT, was isolated from the soil of a rice field in South Korea. Cells were strictly aerobic, short rod-shaped, Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. DG31DT showed high resistance to both the UV and gamma radiations. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain DG31DT was related to Rufibacter immobilis MCC P1T (97.1%) and Rufibacter tibetensis 1351T (96.5%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between the strain DG31DT and the related Rufibacter sp. were between 74.1-77.6% and 19.9-21.9%, respectively. Strain DG31DT grew between 15 and 30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and tolerated up to 1.0% NaCl (w/v). The major cellular fatty acids of the novel strain were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c) and C16:1 ω5c. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic data, strain DG31DT represents a novel species of the genus Rufibacter, for which the name Rufibacter radiotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DG31DT (= JCM 19446T = KCTC 32454T).

Microvirga pudoricolor sp. nov., and Microvirga alba sp. nov., isolated from soil in South Korea.

Two novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, circular, convex, light-pink and white-colored bacterial strains BT291T and BT350T were isolated from soil collected in Uijeongbu city (37° 44' 55″ N, 127° 2' 20″ E) and Jeju island (33° 22' 48″ N, 126° 31' 48″ E), respectively, South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that each of the strains BT291T and BT350T belong to a distinct lineages within the genus Microvirga (family Methylobacteriaceae, order Rhizobiales, class Alpha Proteobacteria, phylum Proteobacteria, kingdom Bacteria). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains BT291T and BT350T was 97.4%. The two strains were found to have the same quinone system, with Q-10 as the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of strains BT291T and BT350T were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatydilglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The major cellular fatty acids of strain BT291T were C18:1 ω7c (58.2%) and cyclo-C19:0 ω8c (25.7%). The major cellular fatty acids of strain BT350T were C18:1 ω7c (38.5%) and cyclo-C19:0 ω8c (27.7%). Based on the polyphasic analysis (phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical), strains BT291T and BT350T can be suggested as two novel bacterial species within the genus Microvirga and the proposed names are Microvirga pudoricolor and Microvirga alba, respectively. The type strain of Microvirga pudoricolor is BT291T (= KCTC 72368T = NBRC 114845T) and the type strain of Microvirga alba is BT350T (= KCTC 72385T = NBRC 114848T).

Hymenobacter citatus sp. nov., isolated from soil in South Korea.

Two novel Gram-negative bacterial strains, BT507T and BT506, were isolated from soil collected in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both strains BT507T and BT506 belong to a distinct lineage within the genus Hymenobacter (family Hymenobacteraceae; order Cytophagales; class Cytophagia). The 16S rRNA genes of the two strains shared a sequence similarity of 100.0%. Strains BT507T and BT506 are closely related to Hymenobacter profundi M2T (97.2% 16S rRNA gene similarity), Hymenobacter defluvii POA9T (97.1%), and Hymenobacter tenuis POB6T (95.3%). The genome size of strain BT507T is 5,078,289 base pairs. Bacterial growth was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 6.0). The primary cellular fatty acids of strain BT507T are iso-C15:0, C16:1ω5c, and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c/C16:1ω7c). Its predominant respiratory quinone is MK-7. The primary polar lipids of strain BT507T are lipid, aminophospholipid, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on the biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analysis, strains BT507T and BT506 can be described a novel bacterial species within the genus Hymenobacter, and the proposed name is Hymenobacter citatus. The type strain of H. citatus is BT507T is KCTC 82115T and NBRC 114850T.

Adhaeribacter soli sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from soil in Korea.

Strain MA2T was isolated from a soil sample from Gijang-gun, Busan in Korea. The strain, a Gram-stain-negative aerobic bacterium, is non-motile, ovoid- or rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and grows at NaCl concentrations 1% (w/v), at 15-30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and at pH 6-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5). The 16S rRNA gene sequence indicates that it belongs to the genus Adhaeribacter in the family Hymenobacteraceae. Phylogenetically, its closest relatives are Adhaeribacter terrae HY02T and Adhaeribacter terreus DNG6T, to which the strain shows 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.6 and 96.0%, respectively. The major fatty acids (> 5% of the total fatty acids) of strain MA2T are C15:0 iso, C15:0 iso-G and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C17:1 B and/or iso-C17:1 I). The only detected isoprenoid quinone of strain MA2T is MK-7. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The draft genome sequence of strain MA2T has a size of 4.9 Mkb. The genomic DNA G + C content was 46.9 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Adhaeribacter, for which the name Adhaeribacter soli sp. nov. is proposed. Strain MA2T (= KCTC 72630T = NBRC 114192T) is the type strain.

Flavobacterium agrisoli sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil.

A Gram-stain negative, rod shaped, motile by gliding, yellow-pigmented, aerobic bacterium, designated SE-1-eT, was isolated from a soil sample collected on Dokdo Island, South Korea. The isolate was characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach based on the phenotypic and genomic analyses. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain SE-1-eT belonged to the genus Flavobacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarity with Flavobacterium cheongpyeongense IMCC34759T (97.5%), Flavobacterium arsenitoxidans S2-3HT (97.4%), Flavobacterium resistens BD-b365T (97.4%), and Flavobacterium chungangense CJ7T (97.4%). The predominant respiratory quinone of the isolate was found to be MK-6; the main polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine; and the major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c), C15:0 iso, and C16:0. The draft genome of strain SE-1-eT had a length of 3,715,609 bp and a DNA G + C content of 34.8 mol%. The nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the novel isolate and F. cheongpyeongense IMCC34759T, F. resistens BD-b365T, and Flavobacterium chungangense CJ7T ranged from 74.9 to 75.3% and from 20.2 to 20.9%, respectively. On the basis of its phenotypic properties, genotypic distinctiveness, and chemotaxonomic features, strain SE-1-eT represents a novel species in the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium agrisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SE-1-eT (= KCTC 82352 T = JCM 34302 T).

Phyllobacterium pellucidum sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A bacterial strain, BT25T, was isolated from soil in Korea. The bacterial cells were Gram-negative and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the BT25T strain was related to the genus Phyllobacterium. BT25T was 96.6 and 96.5% similar to Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM 196T and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum DSM 5892T, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between BT25T and the two closest phylogenetic neighbors were calculated to be 78.5 and 77.7, 21.1 and 21.2%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c) (29.3%), cyclo-C19:0 ω8c (27.5%), and C16:0 (16.5%). The BT25T strain had menaquinone Q-10 as the predominant quinone, as well as phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine as the major polar lipids. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic data, the BT25T strain was classified as a novel Phyllobacterium species. The name Phyllobacterium pellucidum sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is BT25T (= KCTC 62765T = NBRC 114381T).

Flavisolibacter longurius sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A novel Gram-negative bacterial strain BT320T was isolated from soil collected in Uijeongbu city, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BT320T belong to a distinct lineage within the genus Flavisolibacter (family Chitinophagaceae, order Chitinophagales, class Chitinophagia). The strain BT320T was closely related to Flavisolibacter galbus 17J28-26T (97.6% 16S rRNA gene similarity), Flavisolibacter nicotianae X7XT (96.7%), Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492T (96.2%), and Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643 T (96.1%). The genome size of strain BT320T was 5,664,094 bp. Bacterial growth was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum 25 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) on R2A agar. The major cellular fatty acids of strain BT320T were iso-C15:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c), and summed feature 1 (iso-C15:1 H/C13:0 3OH). Its predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipid of strain BT320T was identified to be phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Based on the biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analysis, strain BT320T can be suggested as a novel bacterial species within the genus Flavisolibacter and the proposed name is Flavisolibacter longurius. The type strain of Flavisolibacter longurius is BT320T (= KCTC 72422T = NBRC 114375T).

Pontibacter fetidus sp. nov. and Pontibacter burrus sp. nov., isolated from the soil.

Two novel strains, BT213T and BT327T, were isolated from the soil collected in Uijeongbu city, Korea. Cells of strains were Gram negative, aerobic, and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains BT213T and BT327T formed two distinct lineages within the family Hymenobacteraceae (order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BT213T and BT327T belonged to the genus Pontibacter. Strain BT213T showed the highest similarities of 97.8% with Pontibacter deserti JC215T. Strain BT327T showed the highest sequence similarity of 96.5% with Pontibacter mucosus PB3T. Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C, pH 7, and in the absence of NaCl. The major cellular fatty acid of strains BT213T and BT327T were iso-C15:0 and summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I/anteiso-C17:1 B). Strains BT213T and BT327T had MK-7 as major respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. The genome size of strains BT213T and BT327T were 4,072,018 bp and 4,314,171 bp, respectively. The genomic G + C mol% of strains BT213T and BT327T are 45.6% and 46.1%, respectively. Based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analysis, two novel species Pontibacter fetidus BT213T (KCTC 72345T = NBRC 114379T) and Pontibacter burrus BT327T (KCTC 72412T = NBRC 114376T) are proposed as type strains.

Hymenobacter radiodurans sp. nov., isolated from soil in the Republic of Korea.

A bacterial strain, designated 17J36-26T, was isolated from the UV-irradiated soil from Jeju Island, South Korea. Cells are Gram negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, rod shaped, and catalase and oxidase positive. The major fatty acids of strain 17J36-26T were summed feature 4 (17:1 iso I/17:1 anteiso B), summed feature 3 (16:1 ω6c/16:1 ω7c), C16:1 ω5c and iso-C15:0. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipid, phospholipids and four unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the strain 17J36-26T was 62.6 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 17J36-26T was phylogenetically related to Hymenobacter qilianensis DK6-37T and Hymenobacter roseosalivarius AA718T (97.5% and 96.8% sequence similarity, respectively). Strain 17J36-26T showed resistance to UV radiation. Both average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between strains 17J36-26T and type strains of Hymenobacter species were lower than the cut-off (≥ 95-96% for ANI and ≥ 70% for isDDH) to define a bacterial new species. The polyphasic approach using genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data showed that strain 17J36-26T could be distinguished from its phylogenetically related species, and thus, the strain representative of a novel species within the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter radiodurans sp. nov. (type strain 17J36-26T = KCTC 62269T = JCM 33185T) is proposed.

Noviherbaspirillum galbum sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and yellow-colored bacterium, strain 17J57-3 T, was isolated from soil collected in Pyeongchang city, Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 17J57-3 T formed a distinct lineage within the family Oxalobacteraceae (order Burkholderiales, class Betaproteobacteria). Strain 17J57-3 T was the most closely related to Noviherbaspirillum humi U15T (96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Noviherbaspirillum massiliense JC206T (96.2%). The draft genome size of strain 17J57-3 T was 6,117,206 bp. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, pH 7.0 without NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c) and C16:0. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that strain 17J57-3 T represents a novel bacterial species within the genus Noviherbaspirillum, for which the name Noviherbaspirillum galbum is proposed. The type strain of Noviherbaspirillum galbum is 17J57-3 T (= KCTC 62213 T = NBRC 114384 T).