Factors Influencing Engagement with in-Person Intensive Care Unit Recovery Clinic Services.

Background: Intensive Care Unit recovery clinics (ICU-RC), are multidisciplinary outpatient clinics designed to identify and treat post-intensive care syndrome impairments unique to each survivor of critical illness. Engagement is limited, thus we aimed to describe patient- and hospitalization-related sociodemographic factors associated with scheduling and attending in-person ICU-RC visits. Design: Consecutive case series of prospectively collected ICU-RC referral data. Setting: Data was collected over a 9-year period (2012-2020) for patients referred to an ICU-RC from ICUs at an academic medical center in the southeast United States. Participants: 251 adults admitted to a medical, surgical, burn, or trauma ICU referred to the ICU-RC and eligible to be scheduled for a visit. Main Outcome and Measures: The main study outcome was scheduling and completing an ICU-RC visit. Independent variables included patient demographics, ICU visit characteristics (eg, diagnosis, ventilator days), severity of illness, discharge disposition, ICU-RC referral criteria (eg, shock, delirium), and clinic scheduling administrative data (eg, referral date, clinic visit date). Results: Of 251 ICU-RC referrals eligible for a visit, 128 were scheduled, and 91 completed a visit. In univariate models older age, unspecified shock, and distance from the clinic location were associated with decreased in-person ICU-RC engagement. In a multivariable logistic regression using the same predictors and interactions, older age, unspecified shock, and home-to-clinic distance remained as factors decreasing the likelihood of ICU-RC engagement. There was a decreasing likelihood of scheduling and attending an ICU-RC visit for every additional mile of distance the patient lived from the ICU-RC. Male sex was a strong predictor of completing an ICU-RC visit. Conclusions: Older ICU survivors and those who live farther from the clinic site are less likely to engage in an in-person ICU-RC. Innovation and telemedicine strategies are needed to improve access to ICU recovery care for these populations.

Essential Advance Care Planning Intervention Features in Low-Income Communities: A Qualitative Study.

CONTEXT: Older adults with low socioeconomic status (SES) participate in advance care planning (ACP) at lower rates than those with higher SES. Community feedback is an essential component of intervention design for communities with fewer social and health resources to ensure that the intervention is relevant and meaningful. OBJECTIVES: To understand the perspectives for potential interventions, we aimed to qualitatively explore participant priorities for ACP intervention development. METHODS: Using a qualitative descriptive design, we recruited and conducted individual and one-time, semi-structured interviews with older adults (aged 50+) with low income (< $20,000/year) (n = 20), Recruitment methods included flyers and in-person recruitment and purposive and snowball sampling methods. Following a thematic analysis plan, themes emerged from recursive transcript review by two independent coders and inductive categorization of the most robust codes. RESULTS: Two themes captured participants' perspectives regarding ACP intervention development: 1) specialist advocacy and reliability and 2) person-centered communication. Older adults with low SES prioritize ACP communication that is driven by their goals and that is led by trustworthy specialists that advocate for their needs. CONCLUSION: Our work highlights that intervention preferences were informed by the prior strain and struggle of waiting on other kinds of health and social services. We propose an adapted model for community research collaboration to promote equity in addition to practice and policy recommendations.

Life-Stage and Contextual Factors of Advance Care Planning Among Older Adults With Limited Income.

Patient perspectives are essential to understand healthcare disparities such as low rates of advance care planning (ACP) among adults with limited income. We completed twenty semi-structured interviews using purposive and snowball sampling. Initial and final themes emerged from inductive inclusion of recurring codes and deductive application of the cumulative disadvantage theory. Four themes emerged: (1) structural, (2) life-stage, (3) social stressors and resources, and (4) individual stress responses and ACP readiness. ACP resources among participants included positive structural and social support and previous familial death experiences that were mitigated by stress avoidance and competing priorities. Structural resources and healthcare stressors should be addressed with policy and research to improve continuous healthcare participation and support early, comprehensive ACP.

Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Veterans Affairs Whole Health Integration Using the Updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

BACKGROUND: Veterans Affairs (VA) implemented the Veteran-centered Whole Health System initiative across VA sites with approaches to implementation varying by site. PURPOSE: Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we aimed to synthesize systemic barriers and facilitators to Veteran use with the initiative. Relevance to healthcare quality, systematic comparison of implementation procedures across a national healthcare system provides a comprehensive portrait of strengths and opportunities for improvement. METHODS: Advanced fellows from 11 VA Quality Scholars sites performed the initial data collection, and the final report includes CFIR-organized results from six sites. RESULTS: Key innovation findings included cost, complexity, offerings, and accessibility. Inner setting barriers and facilitators included relational connections and communication, compatibility, structure and resources, learning centeredness, and information and knowledge access. Finally, results regarding individuals included innovation deliverers, implementation leaders and team, and individual capability, opportunity, and motivation to implement and deliver whole health care. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Examination of barriers and facilitators suggest that Whole Health coaches are key components of implementation and help to facilitate communication, relationship building, and knowledge access for Veterans and VA employees. Continuous evaluation and improvement of implementation procedures at each site is also recommended.

Affordable Housing Specialists' Perceptions of Advance Care Planning Among Low-Income Older Adult Residents: A Qualitative Study.

This preliminary qualitative study aimed to explore affordable housing specialists' perceptions of challenges and patterns of advance care planning behaviors among low-income older residents in affordable housing. Advance care planning rates among such residents are disproportionally lower than higher-income older adults. Individual telephone interviews were conducted with affordable housing specialists in a major urban area in the Southeastern United States (N = 5). Using thematic content analysis, 2 independent coders synthesized the 2 coding sets into a single codebook that was iteratively and individually reapplied to the transcripts. The Ecological Model of Active Living, a model that embeds individual behavior within a physical and social environment, was used to categorize prominent codes to visualize relationships among codes and create a cohesive, ecological picture of planning behavior in this population. Four themes emerged from the data and were plotted in an adapted ecological model. Residents' ongoing struggles despite obtaining housing prevent self-initiation and maintenance of advance care planning. Housing specialists possess the expertise and empathy to guide change efforts and provide advance care planning, but aid is required to ensure adequate resources to prevent role conflict and burnout. Recommendations for interprofessional collaboration, practice, policy, and research are discussed.