[Influence of unilayered and multilayered liposomes containing fatty-acid complex Bien upon phagocyte activity in rat alveolar macrophages].

The phagocyte activity of rat alveolar macrophages and their primary culture under the interaction with liposomes containing unsaturated fatty acid complex Bien has been studied in vitro. Quantitative dependence of the phagocyte number and phagocyte factor on the liposomal Bien concentration were estimated. Comparative analysis of the effects of multilayered and unilayered liposomes with Bien upon cell suspension has been carried out.

Primordial Follicle Transplantation within Designer Biomaterial Grafts Produce Live Births in a Mouse Infertility Model.

The gonadotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation may result in premature ovarian failure in premenopausal oncology patients. Although autotransplantation of ovarian tissue has led to successful live births, reintroduction of latent malignant cells inducing relapse is a significant concern. In this report, we investigated the design of biomaterial grafts for transplantation of isolated ovarian follicles as a means to preserve fertility. Primordial and primary ovarian follicles from young female mice were extracted and encapsulated into biomaterials for subsequent transplantation into adult mice. Among the formulations tested, aggregated follicles encapsulated within fibrin had enhanced survival and integration with the host tissue following transplantation relative to the fibrin-alginate and fibrin-collagen composites. All mice transplanted with fibrin-encapsulated follicles resumed cycling, and live births were achieved only for follicles transplanted within VEGF-loaded fibrin beads. The extent to which these procedures reduce the presence of metastatic breast cancer cells among the isolated follicles was evaluated, with significantly reduced numbers of cancer cells present relative to intact ovaries. This ability to obtain live births by transplanting isolated primordial and primary follicles, while also reducing the risk of re-seeding disease relative to ovarian tissue transplantation, may ultimately provide a means to preserve fertility in premenopausal oncology patients.

[Histone synthesis in the cells of proliferating and nonproliferating tissues during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis]. / Sintez gistonov v kletkakh proliferiruiushchikh i neproliferiruiushchikh tkanei v periody gametogeneza i rannego émbriogeneza.

A review of available data on the replication-dependent and replication-independent histone synthesis in the proliferating and nonproliferating (quiescent) cells during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis. In each of the considered models the replication-dependent and replication-independent histone synthesis play different roles in the chromatin organization and metabolism. The transition from replication-dependent to replication-independent histone synthesis during gametogenesis is a regular process directed to the formation of a highly compacted metabolically inert chromatin (males) and to the formation of histone protein pool in order to provide the chromatin nucleosome structure in the sperm nucleus during fertilization, as well as the nuclear chromatin in zygotes and blastomeres (females). A suggestion is put forward that the coupling of histone and DNA syntheses should arise not simultaneously in all cells of the embryo but have a regional pattern, due, possibly, to the asynchrony of cell cycle in the early embryos.

[The process of the persistence of Salmonella typhi L forms in the body of experimental animals studied by immunoradiometric analysis]. / Izuchenie protsessa persistentsii L-form briushnotifoznykh bakterii v organizme éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh metodom immunoradiometricheskogo analiza.

The use of the immunoradiometric assay made it possible to reveal a prolonged persistence of the antigen of viable cultures of S. typhi stable L-forms, as well as to study the dynamics of its spread in the body of experimental animals. After both subconjunctival and intraperitoneal infection of guinea pigs the antigen of S. typhi L-forms spread slowly in the body of experimental animals with its localization first in the lymphoid formations in the pharynx and the intestine and subsequent undulatory accumulation in the marrow, spleen and bile. The persistence of the antigen of live S. typhi L-forms lasted as long as 6 months (the term of observation); killed L-forms could be detected for not more than 17 days. Regular inoculations of samples from different organs into media for the cultivation of S. typhi bacterial and L-forms yielded no positive results, which showed the difficulty of obtaining stable L-forms and evidenced the absence of their reversion in the body of experimental animals.

[Use of a method of immunoradiometric analysis for determining rickettsial antigens in cell cultures and chick embryos]. / Primenenie metoda immunoradiometricheskogo analiza dlia opredeleniia antigenov rikketsii v kul'turakh kletok i kurinykh émbrionakh.

The possibility of using IRMA in the authors' modification for the determination of rickettsiae and their antigens in different biological substances has been studied. The method has proved to be highly sensitive in the determination of the minimal amounts of antigens in diagnostic reagents and in rickettsial cell and egg cultures. The data obtained in this study indicate that there are good prospects for using this modification of IRMA in different specific investigations involving the detection of microorganisms and their antigens.

[Modification of an immunoradiometric analysis method and the coagglutination reaction in the diagnosis of meningitis]. / Modifikatsiia metoda immunoradiometricheskogo analiza i reaktsiia koaggliutinatsii v diagnostike meningitov.

The coagglutination test and the radio-immunoassay (RIA) in the authors' modification have been used for the rapid diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis. This modification of RIA has been found to be highly sensitive with respect to soluble microbial antigens. In the study of liquors from patients with acute meningitides of different etiology RIA has been shown to have a higher efficiency in comparison with the coagglutination test. The data thus obtained indicate good prospects for the use of RIA in experimental and diagnostic investigations.

[Use of a method of immunoradiometric analysis for detecting the persistence of Rickettsiae and their antigens in an experimental infection in cotton rats]. / Ispol'zovanie metoda immunoradiometricheskogo analiza dlia vyiav-leniia persistentsii rikketsii i ikh antigenov pri éksperimental'noi infektsii khlopkovykh krys.

An indirect modification of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) was shown to be highly sensitive in the determination of the minimal amounts of R. prowazekii and their antigens in the organs and tissues of infected animals. RIA proved to be effective in the determination of the antigens in the blood in cases of R. prowazekii persistence in infected animals. The data obtained in these investigations point to good prospects for using RIA in the study of persistence of microorganisms and their antigens.

[Neutrophil and macrophage functional activity during the irradiation of an intestinal anastomosis with a low-intensity laser in the infrared spectral range]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' neitrofilov i makrofagov pri obluchenii kishechnogo anastomoza nizkointensivnym lazerom v infrakrasnom diapazone spektra.

The influence of different methods of treatment of intestinal anastomosis in rabbits (group 1: common single-row sutures; group 2: sutures treated with cyanacrylate glue CO-4; group 3: low-intensity laser irradiation through the skin in the infrared spectral range) on the phagocytic and oxidase activity of cells in the peritoneal washings and peripheral blood on days 2, 4 and 7 after the operation was studied. Laser irradiation of the suture was shown to produce a stimulating effect on the macrophagal-phagocytic system of the blood. The oxidase activity of phagocytes in peritoneal washings in the group of animals subjected to laser irradiation was considerably lower than in two other groups. The use of low-intensity laser radiation in the infrared spectral range produced a positive effect of the healing processes in intestinal sutures.

[Clinico-pathogenetic substantiation of comprehensive therapy of Klebsiella infection with the syndrome of water diarrhea in infants]. / Kliniko-patogeneticheskoe obosnovanie kompleksnoi terapii pri klebsielleznoi infektsii s sindromom "vodianistoi" diarei u detei rannego vozrasta.

The data on the examination of 70 infants with Klebsiella infection are presented. The patho-chemical disorders in the intestine under the action of Klebsiella were followed up in the time course and the adequacy of the pathogenetic therapy of the antiinflammatory and membrane protective destination was substantiated. The efficacies of the comprehensive therapy with the use of indomethacin, essential and dimephosphone and the therapy with antibacterial drugs such as monomycin, kanamycin, polymyxin and gentamicin administered orally were compared. The laboratory investigations, pharmaco-immunologic tests and clinical time course observations demonstrated the preference of the pathogenetic therapy of the patients with Klebsiella infection at the early stages of the watery diarrhea syndrome, when the functional disorders at the cellular level prevailed over the structural-and-morphological ones. In cases with complications the combined use of the pathogenetic and antibacterial drugs was more efficient.

[Experience in the use of flow scintillator Cobas Micros-18 OT in hematological practice]. / Opyt primeneniia protochnogo schetchika Cobas Micros-18 OT v gematologicheskoi praktike.

Clinical analysis of the blood is a most prevalent investigation in practical medicine. The need in effective assessment of the results of blood analysis prompted the creation of automated flow systems. Our task was to analyze the blood of normal subjects and patients by Hoffmann La Roche Cobas Micros-18 OT (France). It is a completely automated hematological analyzer used for in vitro diagnostic tests of whole blood. The work consisted of two steps: 1) comparison of the results of leukocyte and red cell counting by Cobas Micros and Goryayev chamber and 2) assessment of the leukocyte formula in blood donors and patients with diseases other than hematological by the Cobas Micros device and compare the results with the data of visual assessment in optic microscope. The results of analysis by the automated scintillator, Goryayev's chamber, and optic microscopy were compatible. Cobas Micros is very convenient for analysis of liquid blood on an outpatient and inpatient basis and during overall screenings. The device facilitates the deciphering of the leukocytic formula and assessment of the status of formed elements of the blood in mass screenings and detection of abnormalities.

[Flow cytometry in hematology. Methods and technique of flow cytometric analysis]. / Protochnaia tsitomtriia v gematologii. Metody i tekhnika protochno- tsitometricheskogo analisa.

Reviews the history of flow cytometry, the philosophy of the method, main methods of cell investigation (conductometry, registration of light absorption and diffusion, cytofluorometry, study of fluorescence polarization, and analysis of a wave-shaped signal). Describes the equipment and methods for flow cytofluorometric analysis of cells, used in hematology. Characterizes the hematological analyzers with differentiated estimation of leukocytes.

Transcription factor networks in invasion-promoting breast carcinoma-associated fibroblasts.

Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to both tumor growth and cancer progression. In this report, we applied an emerging transcription factor (TF) activity array to fibroblasts to capture the activity of the intracellular signaling network and to define a signature that distinguishes mammary CAFs from normal mammary fibroblasts. Normal fibroblasts that restrained cancer cell invasion developed into an invasion-promoting CAF phenotype through exposure to conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A myofibroblast-like CAF cell line expressing high levels of smooth muscle actin was compared to normal mammary fibroblasts before and after induction. Comparison of TF activity profiles for all three fibroblast types identified a TF activity signature common to CAFs which included activation of reporters for TFs ELK1, GATA1, retinoic acid receptor (RAR), serum response factor (SRF), and vitamin D receptor (VDR). Additionally, CAFs resembling myofibroblasts, relative to normal fibroblasts, had elevated activation corresponding to NF-kappaB, RUNX2, and YY1, and distinct activity patterns for several differentiation-related TF reporters. Induction of CAFs by exposure of normal fibroblasts to conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in increased activation of reporters for HIF1, several STAT TFs, and proliferation-related TFs such as AP1. Myofibroblast-like CAFs and induced normal mammary fibroblasts promoted invasion of breast cancer cells by distinct mechanisms, consistent with their distinct patterns of TF activation. The TF activity profiles of CAF subtypes provide an overview of intracellular signaling associated with the induction of a pro-invasive stroma, and provide a mechanistic link between the microenvironmental stimuli and phenotypic response.