Multiscale landscaping of droplet wettability on fibrous layers of facial masks.

Liquid mobility is ubiquitous in nature, with droplets emerging at all size scales, and artificial surfaces have been designed to mimic such mobility over the past few decades. Meanwhile, millimeter-sized droplets are frequently used for wettability characterization, even with facial mask applications, although these applications have a droplet-size target range that spans from millimeters to aerosols measuring less than a few micrometers. Unlike large droplets, microdroplets can interact sensitively with the fibers they contact with and are prone to evaporation. However, wetting behaviors at the single-microfiber level remain poorly understood. Herein, we characterized the wettability of fibrous layers, which revealed that a multiscale landscape of droplets ranged from the millimeter to the micrometer scale. The contact angle (CA) values of small droplets on pristine fibrous media showed sudden decrements, especially on a single microfiber, owing to the lack of air cushions for the tiny droplets. Moreover, droplets easily adhered to the pristine layer during droplet impact tests and then yielding widespread areas of contamination on the microfibers. To resolve this, we carved nanowalls on the pristine fibers by plasma etching, which effectively suppressed such wetting phenomena. Significantly, the resulting topographies of the microfibers managed the dynamic wettability of droplets at the multiscale, which reduced the probability of contamination with impact droplets and suppressed the wetting transition upon evaporation. These findings for the dynamic wettability of fibrous media will be useful in the fight against infectious droplets.

Atypical Young-onset Dementia in Cerebral Thromboangiitis Obliterans: A Case Report.

Young-onset dementia (YOD, age at onset below 45 y) has a broad differential diagnosis. We describe a 41-year-old man with atypical manifestations of YOD syndrome in cerebral thromoboangiitis obliterans (CTAO). Extensive antemortem workup including clinical assessment, laboratory investigations, neuroimaging, and genetic testing did not elucidate a diagnosis. Postmortem neuropathologic examination revealed cortical sickle-shaped granular atrophy, resulting from numerous remote infarcts and cortical microinfarcts that mainly affected the bilateral frontal and parietal lobe, confirming CTAO. Although CTAO is a rare cause of vascular dementia, it should be considered as one of the differentials in patients with YOD with a history of heavy smoking and presence of symmetric damages of watershed-territory on neuroimaging.

Comparison of Amyloid in Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain Imaging, and Autopsy in a Case of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aß1-42) and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) are the 2 main Alzheimer disease amyloid biomarkers that have been validated in neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer disease cases. Although many studies have shown concordance of amyloid positivity or negativity between CSF Aß1-42 and amyloid PET, several studies also reported discrepancies between these 2 Aß biomarkers. We conducted a comparison of CSF Aß1-42 level, amyloid PET, and autopsy findings in a case with progressive supranuclear palsy in which biomarker acquisition and postmortem pathologic examination were conducted almost at the same time. Our case with antemortem CSF Aß1-42 (+)/amyloid PET (-) who was pathologically confirmed with Aß pathology in the cerebral cortex may indicate CSF Aß1-42 is more sensitive for assessing in vivo Aß than amyloid PET.

Minimally Invasive Method for Correcting Reducible Cryptotia.

Various surgical methods have been used to treat cryptotia; however, there is a drawback of these methods in that they leave a permanent scar. The authors describe a 7-year-old child who missed the optimal corrective time for cryptotia. Minimally invasive surgery was planned as a 3rd alternative to external splinting or invasive surgery by taking advantage of 2 methods. Silly putty was prefabricated as an auricular sulcus retainer, and fixation sutures between the deep dermis and temporal fascia were placed through small incisions along the future auricular sulcus. Then the prefabricated auricular sulcus retainer was maintained for 2 months. After 6 months, the corrected ear shape remained stable with the inconspicuous scar. With minimally invasive correction, a successful treatment effect can be expected while minimizing scarring in patients who are not expected to have a therapeutic effect with a simple reduction.

Hard X-ray self-seeding commissioning at PAL-XFEL.

A wake monochromator based on a large-area diamond single crystal for hard X-ray self-seeding has been successfully installed and commissioned in the hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory with international collaboration. For this commissioning, the self-seeding was demonstrated with a low bunch charge (40 pC) and the nominal bunch charge (180 pC) of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) operation. The FEL pulse lengths were estimated as 7 fs and 29.5 fs, respectively. In both cases, the average spectral brightness increased by more than three times compared with the SASE mode. The self-seeding experiment was demonstrated for the first time using a crystal with a thickness of 30 µm, and a narrow bandwidth of 0.22 eV (full width at half-maximum) was obtained at 8.3 keV, which confirmed the functionality of a crystal with such a small thickness. In the nominal bunch-charge self-seeding experiment, the histogram of the intensity integrated over a 1 eV bandwidth showed a well defined Gaussian profile, which is evidence of the saturated FEL and a minimal electron-energy jitter (∼1.2 × 10-4) effect. The corresponding low photon-energy jitter (∼2.4 × 10-4) of the SASE FEL pulse, which is two times lower than the Pierce parameter, enabled the seeding power to be maximized by maintaining the spectral overlap between SASE FEL gain and the monochromator.

Cationic Ordering Coupled to Reconstruction of Basic Building Units during Synthesis of High-Ni Layered Oxides.

Metal (M) oxides are one of the most interesting and widely used solids, and many of their properties can be directly correlated to the local structural ordering within basic building units (BBUs). One particular example is the high-Ni transition metal layered oxides, potential cathode materials for Li-ion batteries whose electrochemical activity is largely determined by the cationic ordering in octahedra (e.g., the BBUs in such systems). Yet to be firmly established is how the BBUs are inherited from precursors and subsequently evolve into the desired ordering during synthesis. Herein, a multimodal in situ X-ray characterization approach is employed to investigate the synthesis process in preparing LiNi0.77Mn0.13Co0.10O2 from its hydroxide counterpart, at scales varying from the long-range to local individual octahedral units. Real-time observation corroborated by first-principles calculations reveals a topotactic transformation throughout the entire process, during which the layered framework is retained; however, due to preferential oxidation of Co and Mn over Ni, significant changes happen locally within NiO6 octahedra. Specifically, oxygen loss and the associated symmetry breaking occur in NiO6; as a consequence, Ni2+ ions become highly mobile and tend to mix with Li, causing high cationic disordering upon formation of the layered oxides. Only through high-temperature heat treatment, Ni is further oxidized, thereby inducing symmetry reconstruction and, concomitantly, cationic ordering within NiO6 octahedra. Findings from this study shed light on designing high-Ni layered oxide cathodes and, more broadly, various functional materials through synthetic control of the constituent BBUs.

HDAC1 regulates the stability of glutamate carboxypeptidase II protein by modulating acetylation status of lysine 479 residue.

Our previous study showed that the level of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) protein is regulated by valproic acid, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, through acetylation of lysine residue in the GCPII protein in human astrocytes, U-87MG. The present study further investigated which HDAC subtype is involved in the acetylation of GCPII. The results revealed that GCPII interacted with HDAC1 but not with HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC6. Overexpression of catalytic domain (1-56 aa)-deleted HDAC1, which poorly binds to GCPII, enhanced lysine acetylation in GCPII and increased the level of GCPII protein when compared with that of the wild-type HDAC1. Further experiments showed that HDAC1 regulated the stability of GCPII protein. These data suggest that acetylation of GCPII is facilitated by HDAC1, and the acetylated GCPII is more stable than the non-acetylated GCPII. Additional experiments using siRNA HDAC1 and by HDAC1 overexpression confirmed the role of HDAC1 in regulating the stability of GCPII protein. Further, database search of acetylation and ubiquitination sites showed four candidate lysine sites in human GCPII protein that can be both acetylated and ubiquitinylated (K207, K479, K491, and K699). Mutation (lysine residues to arginine (R)) analysis showed that in the presence of cycloheximide K479R- and K491R-hGCPII mutants were less ubiquitinylated and degraded, and decrease in the level of GCPII protein by HDAC1 was significantly blocked by K479R mutants. These data suggest that K479 is a possible site of acetylation or ubiquitination. Furthermore, the results also demonstrate that the stability of GCPII protein is regulated by HDAC1 through acetylation at the lysine 479 residue.

Factors for postoperative complications following pressure ulcer operation: stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis.

Patients with pressure ulcers are generally older, have a long hospital stay and often have a variety of comorbidities. The decision to perform surgery for pressure ulcer management can be difficult because of concerns about the risk of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between comorbid conditions and surgical outcomes in order to guide patient selection for pressure ulcer surgery. In 57 patients, data on age, defect size, operating time, hospital stay, body mass index, surgical site, mobility state, cardiac ischaemic history, diabetes, renal failure, ventilator dependency, tracheostomy state, use of haemodilution therapy and cancer were evaluated using stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationships between variables. There were no postoperative cardiac ischaemic events. Wound complications occurred in 8 patients (14%), pneumonia in 12 patients (21·1%) and mortality in 1 patient (1·7%). The risk of postoperative pneumonia increased 1·069-fold in elderly patients (odds ratio = 1·069, P < 0·05) and increased 44·17-fold in preoperative ventilator users (odds ratio = 44·17, P < 0·05). The risk of wound complication increased 1·012-fold with the presence of a larger defect site (odds ratio = 1·012, P < 0·05) and increased 7·474-fold in patients who received haemodilution therapy (odds ratio = 7·474, P < 0·05). Our results indicate that most comorbid conditions did not significantly affect postoperative cardiopulmonary or wound complications. However, the risk of postoperative pneumonia increased in patients with ventilator use or old age, and the risk of wound complication increased in patients with a large defect size and in those who used haemodilution therapy.

Silent Embolic Infarction after Neuroform Atlas Stent-Assisted Coiling of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: There is still controversy regarding whether neck remodeling stent affects the occurrence of silent embolic infarction (SEI) after aneurysm coiling. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the incidence of SEI after stent-assisted coiling (SAC) using Neuroform Atlas Stent (NAS) and possible risk factors. This study also includes a comparison with simple coiling group during the same period to estimate the impact of NAS on the occurrence of SEI. METHODS: This study included a total of 96 unruptured intracranial aneurysms in 96 patients treated with SAC using NAS. Correlations of demographic data, aneurysm characteristics, and angiographic parameters with properties of SEI were analyzed. The incidence and characteristics of SEI were investigated in 28 patients who underwent simple coiling during the same period, and the results were compared with the SAC group. RESULTS: In the diffusion-weighted imaging obtained on the 1st day after SAC, a total of 106 SEI lesions were observed in 48 (50%) of 96 patients. Of these 48 patients, 38 (79.2%) had 1-3 lesions. Of 106 lesions, 74 (69.8%) had a diameter less than 3 mm. SEI occurred more frequently in older patients (≥60 years, p=0.013). The volume of SEI was found to be significantly increased in older age (≥60 years, p=0.032), hypertension (p=0.036), and aneurysm size ≥5 mm (p=0.047). The incidence and mean volume of SEI in the SAC group (n=96) were similar to those of the simple coiling group (n=28) during the same period. CONCLUSION: SEIs are common after NAS-assisted coiling. Their incidence in SAC was comparable to that in simple coiling. They occurred more frequently at an older age. Therefore, the use of NAS in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysm does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events if antiplatelet premedication has been performed well.

TREX2 deficiency suppresses spontaneous and genotoxin-associated mutagenesis.

TREX2, a 3'-5' exonuclease, is a part of the DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway that stabilizes replication forks (RFs) by ubiquitinating PCNA along with the ubiquitin E3 ligase RAD18 and other DDT factors. Mismatch repair (MMR) corrects DNA polymerase errors, including base mismatches and slippage. Here we demonstrate that TREX2 deletion reduces mutations in cells upon exposure to genotoxins, including those that cause base lesions and DNA polymerase slippage. Importantly, we show that TREX2 generates most of the spontaneous mutations in MMR-mutant cells derived from mice and people. TREX2-induced mutagenesis is dependent on the nuclease and DNA-binding attributes of TREX2. RAD18 deletion also reduces spontaneous mutations in MMR-mutant cells, albeit to a lesser degree. Inactivation of both MMR and TREX2 additively increases RF stalls, while it decreases DNA breaks, consistent with a synthetic phenotype.

Imaging follow-up strategy after endovascular treatment of Intracranial aneurysms: A literature review and guideline recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: Endovascular coil embolization is the primary treatment modality for intracranial aneurysms. However, its long-term durability remains of concern, with a considerable proportion of cases requiring aneurysm reopening and retreatment. Therefore, establishing optimal follow-up imaging protocols is necessary to ensure a durable occlusion. This study aimed to develop guidelines for follow-up imaging strategies after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: A committee comprising members of the Korean Neuroendovascular Society and other relevant societies was formed. A literature review and analyses of the major published guidelines were conducted to gather evidence. A panel of 40 experts convened to achieve a consensus on the recommendations using the modified Delphi method. RESULTS: The panel members reached the following consensus: 1. Schedule the initial follow-up imaging within 3-6 months of treatment. 2. Noninvasive imaging modalities, such as three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or contrast-enhanced MRA, are alternatives to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) during the first follow-up. 3. Schedule mid-term follow-up imaging at 1, 2, 4, and 6 years after the initial treatment. 4. If noninvasive imaging reveals unstable changes in the treated aneurysms, DSA should be considered. 5. Consider late-term follow-up imaging every 3-5 years for lifelong monitoring of patients with unstable changes or at high risk of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines aim to provide physicians with the information to make informed decisions and provide patients with high-quality care. However, owing to a lack of specific recommendations and scientific data, these guidelines are based on expert consensus and should be considered in conjunction with individual patient characteristics and circumstances.

Aqueous extracts of Liriope platyphylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats.

BACKGROUND: Liriope platyphylla has long been reported as a therapeutic drug for treatment of various human chronic diseases including inflammation, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and atopic dermatitis. To investigate the laxative effects of L. platyphylla, alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels were investigated in rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after treatment with aqueous extract of L. platyphylla (AEtLP). METHODS: Alterations on constipation phenotypes were measured in rats with Lop-induced constipation after treatment with AEtLP using excretion parameter analysis, histological analysis, RT-PCR, western blot and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. RESULTS: The amounts of stool and urine excretion were significantly higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, whereas food intake and water consumption were maintained at constant levels. AEtLP treatment also induced an increase in villus length, crypt layer, and muscle thickness in the constipation model. Total mucin secretion was higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, although mucin secretion per crypt was very similar among all groups. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blot revealed a dramatic reduction of key factors level on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) signaling pathway in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group relative to the Lop + vehicle-treated group. Especially, the accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes of crypts following Lop treatment was improved to the level of the No-treated group in response to AEtLP treatment. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that AEtLP improves constipation induced by Lop treatment through an increase in crypt layer and stimulation of lipid droplet secretions. These data are the first to show that the laxative effects of AEtLP are closely related to the down-regulation of mAchRs and their downstream signals.

Concomitant Occurrence of Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

ABSTRACT: Few case reports exist on the association of acute motor axonal neuropathy, a subtype of the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), with systemic lupus erythematosus. Standard therapeutic guidelines for concomitant acute motor axonal neuropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus in the acute phase are not established, and no studies have reported physical medicine and rehabilitation perspective management in the plateau and recovery phases. A 50-yr-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with upper and lower limb weakness that progressed to an inability to walk. Neurological examination, radiologic evaluation, serologic analysis, and electrodiagnostic study were conducted, and she was diagnosed with acute motor axonal neuropathy. Subsequently, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was administered. She complained of residual upper and lower extremity weakness and an inability to walk 3 mos after symptom onset. She underwent an intensive inpatient rehabilitation program for 6 wks and showed remarkable recovery in muscle strength and functional status (Berg Balance Scale, modified Barthel index, and Guillain-Barré syndrome disability scale). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case that focused on the functional outcomes after the rehabilitation program in acute motor axonal neuropathy with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus. This case report emphasizes the need for rehabilitation intervention for functional recovery in the plateau and recovery phases.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following uneventful clipping of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized mainly by occipital and parietal lobe involvement, which can be reversible within a few days. Herein, we report a rare case of PRES that developed after craniotomy for an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA). CASE SUMMARY: A 59-year-old man underwent clipping surgery for the treatment of UIA arising from the left middle cerebral artery. Clipping surgery was performed uneventfully, and he regained consciousness quickly immediately after the surgery. At the 4th hour after surgery, he developed a disorder of consciousness and aphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cortical and subcortical T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes ipsilaterally, without restricted diffusion, consistent with unilateral PRES. With conservative treatment, his symptoms and radiological findings almost completely disappeared within weeks. In our case, the important causative factor of PRES was suspected to be a sudden increase in cerebral perfusion pressure associated with temporary M1 occlusion. CONCLUSION: Our unique case highlights that, to our knowledge, this is the second report of PRES developing after craniotomy for the treatment of UIA. Surgeons must keep PRES in mind as one of the causes of perioperative neurological abnormality following clipping of an UIA.

Erratum: Contralateral Transverse Sinus Occlusion After Treatment of Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report.

[This corrects the article on p. 104 in vol. 18, PMID: 35557632.].

Additional rescue stenting with Neuroform Atlas stents during stent-assisted coiling of saccular aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: Overlapping stenting is sometimes attempted during endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysm as a rescue for coil herniation, stent mal-positioning, or in-stent thrombosis. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of additional rescue stenting (ARS) in telescoping fashion with Neuroform Atlas stent (NAS) during stent-assisted coiling of saccular aneurysms. METHODS: We collected clinical and radiological data of patients with saccular aneurysms treated with ARS using NASs between March 2018 and December 2021. Y or X-stent-assisted coiling technique was excluded. RESULTS: Eighteen unruptured and 5 ruptured aneurysms in 23 patients were treated with ARS using NASs. Sizes of aneurysms ranged from 2.0 mm to 10.0 mm (mean: 5.0 mm). Immediate angiographic results were complete occlusion in 11 aneurysms, residual neck in 4 aneurysms, and residual sac in 8 aneurysms. Peri-operative morbidity was 4.3 %. Nineteen of 23 patients underwent follow-up conventional angiography (mean, 9.9 months). Results showed progressive occlusion in 10 (52.6 %) cases and asymptomatic in-stent stenosis in 3 (15.8 %) cases. At the end of the observation period (mean, 17.4 months), all 18 patients without subarachnoid hemorrhage had excellent clinical outcomes (mRS of 0), except one (mRS of 1). Of five patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, four had a favorable outcome (mRS of 0-1), while the other one was dependent (mRS of 4). CONCLUSION: In this report on 23 patients, ARS with NASs for treating saccular aneurysms showed good technical safety with favorable clinical and angiographic outcomes. However, delayed in-stent stenosis was not uncommon. Thus, regular imaging follow-up is required.

The changes of distance between nipples following correction of women pectus excavatum.

The breasts in women pectus excavatum patients frequently appear to be slanting medially along the inclination of the distorted ribs. This study aims to evaluate changes in the distance between the nipples and to find out whether medially slanting breasts are corrected in women pectus excavatum patients following modified Nuss procedure. This case series analysis enrolled 22 young women patients with pectus excavatum between October 2011 and September 2020. We measured all the patients' distances from the sternal midline to the right and left nipples, based on chest computerized tomography. We calculated the distances between nipples as being the sum of the right and left distances. The mean age of patients was 16.50 ± 4.73 years, and the follow-up periods were 35.59 ± 20.23 months. The postoperative Haller indices (2.89 ± 0.43) were significantly lower than the preoperative Haller indices (5.14 ± 1.96) (p = 0.000). The distances between the nipples before and after Nuss procedure were 145.17 ± 17.73 mm and 172.29 ± 19.11 mm, which is a significant increase following surgery. (p = 0.000). Our results demonstrated that skeletal correction with modified Nuss procedure in pectus excavatum increased the distance between nipples, indicating that medially slanting breasts had been corrected.

Avenanthramide-C Shows Potential to Alleviate Gingival Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the gradual destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth including gums, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and root cementum. Recently, interests in alleviating symptoms of periodontitis (PD) using natural compounds is increasing. Avenanthramide-C (Avn-C) is a polyphenol found only in oats. It is known to exhibit various biological properties. To date, the effect of Avn-C on PD pathogenesis has not been confirmed. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the protective effects of Avn-C on periodontal inflammation and subsequent alveolar bone erosion in vitro and in vivo. Upregulated expression of catabolic factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and COX2 induced by lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), was dramatically decreased by Avn-C treatment in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Moreover, alveolar bone erosion in the ligature-induced PD mouse model was ameliorated by intra-gingival injection of Avn-C. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of Avn-C on the upregulation of catabolic factors were mediated via ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and NF-κB pathway that was activated by IL-1ß or p38 MAPK and JNK signaling that was activated by TNF-α, respectively. Based on this study, we recommend that Avn-C may be a new natural compound that can be applied to PD treatment.

The role of autophagy in unilateral ureteral obstruction rat model.

AIM: Autophagy is a cellular process of degradation of damaged cytoplasmic components and regulates cell death or proliferation. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a model of progressive renal fibrosis in the obstructed kidney. And UUO is followed by compensatory cellular proliferation in the contralateral kidney. We investigate the role of autophagy in the obstructed kidney and contralateral kidney after UUO. METHODS: To obtain the evidence and the patterns of autophagy during UUO, the rats were sacrificed 3, 7 and 14 days after UUO. To examine the efficacy of the autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the rats were treated daily with intraperitoneal injection of 3-MA (30 mg/kg per day) for 7 days. RESULTS: After UUO, autophagy was induced in the obstructed kidney in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA enhanced tubular cell apoptosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidney after UUO. In the contralateral kidney, autophagy was also induced and prolonged during UUO. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA increased the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen significantly in the contralateral kidney after UUO. The Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway was involved in the induction of autophagy after UUO in both kidneys. CONCLUSION: Our present results support that autophagy induced by UUO has a renoprotective role in the obstructed kidney and regulatory role of compensatory cellular proliferation in the contralateral kidney through Akt-mTOR signalling pathway.

Clinical impact and benefits of a simultaneous cardio-pulmonary rehabilitation in a COVID-19-infected patient following cardiac arrest: A case report.

Since the advent of the pandemic, cardio-pulmonary rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to be an effective treatment. However, there are no studies showing data to substantiate its simultaneous application. A 62-year-old man was resuscitated for asystole during the work-up after presenting with a 2-day history of difficulty breathing. PCR test was positive for COVID-19. He was intubated and admitted to a negative pressure zone. Symptoms improved in response to acute treatment. Following extubation, respiratory distress persisted, and CR was implemented. Clinical indicators of cardiopulmonary function improved resulting in a successful return to community participation. The decline in cardiopulmonary function has been on the rise among COVID-19 survivors. The simultaneous application of CR treatment in our patient resulted in improved clinical indicators of cardiopulmonary function. The patient regained full function for independent community participation.