Traffic Sign Recognition Evaluation for Senior Adults Using EEG Signals.

Elderly people are not likely to recognize road signs due to low cognitive ability and presbyopia. In our study, three shapes of traffic symbols (circles, squares, and triangles) which are most commonly used in road driving were used to evaluate the elderly drivers' recognition. When traffic signs are randomly shown in HUD (head-up display), subjects compare them with the symbol displayed outside of the vehicle. In this test, we conducted a Go/Nogo test and determined the differences in ERP (event-related potential) data between correct and incorrect answers of EEG signals. As a result, the wrong answer rate for the elderly was 1.5 times higher than for the youths. All generation groups had a delay of 20-30 ms of P300 with incorrect answers. In order to achieve clearer differentiation, ERP data were modeled with unsupervised machine learning and supervised deep learning. The young group's correct/incorrect data were classified well using unsupervised machine learning with no pre-processing, but the elderly group's data were not. On the other hand, the elderly group's data were classified with a high accuracy of 75% using supervised deep learning with simple signal processing. Our results can be used as a basis for the implementation of a personalized safe driving system for the elderly.

An Evaluation Method of Safe Driving for Senior Adults Using ECG Signals.

The elderly are more susceptible to stress than younger people. In particular, heart palpitations are one of the causes of heart failure, which can lead to serious accidents. To prevent heart palpitations, we have devised the Safe Driving Intensity (SDI) and Cardiac Reaction Time (CRT) as new methods of estimating the correlations between effects on the driver's heart and the movement of a vehicle. In SDI measurement, recommended acceleration value of vehicle for safe driving is inferred from the suggested correlation algorithm using machine learning. A higher SDI value than other people means less pressure on the heart. CRT is an estimated value of the occurring time of heart palpitations caused by stressful driving. In particular, it is proved by SDI that elderly subjects tend to overestimate their driving abilities in personal assessment questionnaires. Furthermore, we validated our SDI using other general statistical methods. When comparing the results using a t-test, we obtained reliable results for the equivalent variance. Our results can be used as a basis for evaluating elderly people's driving ability, as well as allowing for the implementation of a personalized safe driving system for the elderly.