ISHLT consensus document on lung transplantation in patients with connective tissue disease: Part II: Cardiac, surgical, perioperative, operative, and post-operative challenges and management statements.

Patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) present unique surgical, perioperative, operative, and postoperative challenges related to the often underlying severe pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation-supported consensus document on lung transplantation in patients with CTD standardization addresses the surgical challenges and relevant cardiac involvement in the perioperative, operative, and postoperative management in patients with CTD.