Morphopathological Effect of Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles in an Experimental Model of Toxic Hemolytic Anemia.

We studied the effect of biogenic ferrihydrite nanoparticles synthesized as a result of the culturing of Klebsiella oxytoca on Wistar rats with experimental toxic hemolytic anemia. The pathology was simulated by single intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. On day 4, the functional parameters of erythrocytes in rats corresponded to the state of toxic hemolytic anemia. It is shown that ferrihydrite nanoparticles suspension has chronic toxicity and causes morphological changes in organs (mainly in the spleen), which are characterized by accumulation of nanoparticles. Administration of phenylhydrazine induced systemic vascular damage and the formation of extramedullary hematopoietic foci, which indicated a compensatory activation in hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen. Injection of nanoparticles reduced discirculatory and necrotic changes in the kidneys.

[Theories of the pathogenesis of polypous rhinosinusitis and the asthmatic triad]. / Teorii patogeneza polipoznogo rinosinusita i astmaticheskoi triady.

Polypous rhinosinusitis (PRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, characterized by the formation and recurrent growth of polyps. Often, PRS is a manifestation of the most severe clinical symptom complex - the asthmatic triad (AT). AT is characterized by three main clinical manifestations: bronchial asthma (BA) itself, PRS, intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and NA. However, not all three components of the triad are expressed equally, a variant of the dyad (BA with PRS) is possible. AT is one of the most severe variants of BA, it is more difficult to respond to conservative therapy and significantly reduces the ability of patients to work. In the world, PRS and AT are detected in 0.5-16% of the population, in Russia the number of patients is about 1.5 million people. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis of the medical literature on this problem has been carried out. RESULTS: To date, there is no consensus on the etiology and pathogenesis of the polypous process in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, therefore, many theories of the occurrence of this disease have been proposed, the main ones being: anatomical factors, osteitis, virological, bacterial, allergic, autoimmune theory and the theory of metabolic disorders of arachidonic acid. The key role in modern studies of the pathogenesis of AT is still given to the peculiarities of arachidonic acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: The low effectiveness of treatment and the severity of clinical manifestations encourage scientists to further investigate the etiopathogenesis of polypous rhinosinusitis and the asthmatic triad.

[Functional activity of blood neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with opisthorchiasis, depending on the severity of liver fibrosis].

AIM: To study the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with opisthorchiasis, depending on the severity of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis (39 men and 35 women, average age 42.3 years) and 32 practically healthy patients (17 men and 15 women, average age 41.5 years) aged 24 to 60 years were examined. Diagnosis of opisthorchiasis was carried out by two methods: coprooscopy and identification of eggs or bodies of adult parasites in duodenal content. Liver fibrosis was determined by the method of elastometry according to the METAVIR scale in all 74 patients with opisthorchiasis. The study of the functional activity of neutrophils in the blood was performed to all 74 patients with opisthorchiasis and 32 healthy individuals from the control group by chemiluminescent analysis with measurement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production intensity in a spontaneous and zymosan-induced reaction in lucigenin and luminol-dependent processes. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis F2 by METAVIR was registered in 20.3% of the examined individuals, liver fibrosis F3F4 by METAVIR was detected in 17.6% of patients with opisthorchiasis. In patients with opisthorchiasis with liver fibrosis F3F4 by METAVIR, a significant decrease in the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes was registered in comparison with individuals with liver fibrosis F0F1 by METAVIR, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the maximum intensity of ROS production (Imax) and the area under the curve (S) chemiluminescence in lucigenin and luminol-dependent processes both in the spontaneous and zymosan-induced reaction. CONCLUSION: These results provide new information to explain the mechanisms of liver fibrosis in patients opisthorchiasis and create opportunities for the development of diagnostics and preventive technologies.

Efficiency of Ampicillin-Associated Biogenic Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles in Combination with a Magnetic Field for Local Treatment of Burns.

We studied the effectiveness of using magnetic ferrihydrite nanoparticles of bacterial origin carrying ampicillin for local treatment of burn wounds in rats using a magnetic field. It was found that the use of these nanoparticles in combination with a magnetic field accelerated wound healing and reduced the titer of microorganisms in comparison with the corresponding parameters in the untreated animals and animals treated with nanoparticles or ampicillin alone.

Indicators of chemiluminescent and bioluminescent tests of biological liquids in the assessment of physical health.

The study includes anthropometry of 172 young male, obtained data on the length and body mass, measured the transverse diameters of the shoulders and pelvis, various body types was identified by the J.M. Tanner sexual dimorphism index (andromorphic, mesomorphic, gynecomorphic). The chemiluminescent and bioluminescent study of saliva and blood was conducted in the examined young male. We studied the indicators of the antioxidant defense system under the influence of stress. The antioxidant status of saliva was determined using the H2O2-luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method. Data on the activity of NAD (P) -dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes was obtained from a bioluminescent method of research. Young male of andromorphic body type had large overall and transverse body sizes. Indicators of antioxidant protection of saliva and blood in men of adolescence, the body type of the sexual dimorphism index J.M. Tanner was different. The persons of the andromorphic body type differed in terms of chemiluminescence in comparison with the young male of gynecomorphic body type. The results of bioluminescent blood tests suggest a violation of the catabolic and anabolic processes of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in young men of mesomorphic and gynecomorphic body types. Indicators of the system of antioxidant protection of saliva and blood reflect the sexual characteristics of the body of young male and can be used as additional criteria for diagnosing sex inversion and assessing the risk of developing socially attributed diseases.

[FEATURES OF MICROBIOCENOSIS OF NOSE MUCOUS MEMBRANE DURING ATOPIC AND POLYPOUS RHINOSINUSITIS].

AIM: Study of microbiocenosis of nose mucous membrane during allergic rhinosinusitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with polypous (PRS) and atopic (ARS) rhinosinusitis were examined, as well-as a control group.. Standard general clinical methods taking differential diagnostics ofatopic diseases and rhinitis into consideration were used for the PRS and ARS diagnosis. RESULTS: Microbial content during different forms of rhinosinusitis has varying directionality that is deter- mined by different pathogenetic mechanisms. ARS microflora has a significantly extended range and was characterized by an increase of concentration. of opportunistic microorganisms not characteristic for normoflora. Microbial composition for PRS was significantly depleted by a lack of certain permanent members of microflora, whereas the quantity of opportunistic bacteria was significantly above normal.. CONCLUSION: Disturbance of microbiocenosis in patients with allergic rhinosinusitis was detected, more pronounced in the PRS group. Staphylococcus strains isolated from patients with ARS and PRS possess pathogenic properties in equal ratios, wherein the per- centage of strains in ARS group that have persistence properties is higher than in other studied groups. This could give evidence regarding their role in development of inflammatory process on the nose mucous membrane.

[Characteristic of the microbiocenosis of the nasal mucous membrane in the patients presenting with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis]. / Kharakteristika mikrobiotsenoza slizistoi obolochki nosa pri ostrom bakterial'nom rinosinusite.

The objective of the present work was to study the specific features of the microbiocenosis of the nasal mucous membrane in the patients presenting with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). We examined 86 patients with this condition at the age varying from 18 to 64 years. The control group consisted of practically healthy blood donors (n=156) registered at the Krasnoyarsk Regional Blood Centre #1; they were matched to the patients of the main study group in terms of the age and sex. In order to investigated bacterial flora of nasal mucosa from the standpoint of its role in the exacerbation of the disease, the microorganisms were cultured on the differential-diagnostic media. Their individual species were identified with the use of the conventional microbiological methods. They demonstrated the disturbances of the microbiocenosis of the nasal mucous membrane of the ABRS patients with the simultaneous increase of the total abundance of microorganisms regarded as potentially pathogenic ones. The study of pathogenic and persistent properties of the Staphylococcus strains isolated from the nasal mucosa of the patients suffering from acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, revealed the presence of practically all species supposed to be etiopathogenic agents able to produce the enzymes responsible for pathogenicity and persistence of the microorganisms. The results of the present study were interpreted as giving evidence of the disturbances of the microbiocenosis of the nasal mucosa resulting from the impairment of local immunity associated with trophic disorders in the mucous membrane of the nasal passages.

[Peculiar features of immunological and metabolic status associated with polypous rhinosinusitis].

The objective of the present work was to study peculiar features of immunological and metabolic status associated with polypous rhinosinusitis (PRS). We determined the population and subpopulation composition of blood lymphocytes, concentration of cytokines in blood sera and nasal secretion as well as the level of intracellular enzymes in blood lymphocytes of the patients presenting with polypous rhinosinusitis and of the control subjects. It was shown that PRS was associated with activation of Th1-lymphocytes and determined the character of the immune response largely of the cell-mediated type. The study has demonstrated the differently directed changes in the activation of the intracellular processes in blood lymphocytes. Specifically, the intensity of the aerobic processes and lipid anabolism was increased while that of the anaerobic processes and amino acid metabolism (NAD-GDG and NADH-GDG) was suppressed.

[Mechanisms of Influence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Functional State of Neutrophilic Granulocytes].

The aim of the study was to estimate the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes after the contact with MSSA and MRSA. It was determined by luminol-dependent chemoluminescence with stimulation by the priming doses of MRSA and MSSA. The functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes was shown to increase in response to either the resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains or the susceptible ones. It should be indicated that the intensity of the oxygen-dependent phagocytosis in response to MRSA was higher than that to MSSA.

[The immunometabolic status in persons exposed to technogenous factors of industrial production].

The immune system and lymphocyte activity of HADP-dependent dehydrogenases were studied in the patients living in the high incidence areas of Krasnoyarsk. The enhanced activity of cellular immunity was found to show up in the presence of considerable impaired lymphocyte metabolic processes, the change of the rate of which depended on the type of environmental pollution.

[Features of microflora of nasal mucosa in patients with acute and chronic inflammatory processes of upper respiratory tract during diagnosed Chlamydia infection].

AIM: Comparative study of microflora of nasal passages during acute and chronic inflammatory nasal diseases with and without Chlamydia infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microflora of nasal mucosa obtained from 104 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis and chronic nasal diseases (sinusitis and rhinitis) with and without detected Chlamydia infection. Verification of the latter was performed by PCR and direct immunofluorescent method. Microbiological isolation was performed on blood agar using method of sectors. Identification of streptococci, bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family, staphylococci, and bacteria from Neisseria genus was performed by conventional methods. RESULTS: During acute maxillary sinusitis associated with Chlamydia infection, depletion of bacterial species diversity was observed with increase of quantity of staphylococci. Also, increase of number of staphylococcal strains with pathogenic properties in patients with Chlamydia carriage was observed. CONCLUSION: It could be suggested that Chlamydia, pathogenic, and opportunistic bacteria are antagonists, which compete for ecologic niche and substrate in host organism. Decrease of number of staphylococci is a response on invasion and multiplication of Chlamydia on mucosa of nasal passages.

[Activity of supra (e)-dependent dehydrogenases of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains susceptible to cefotaxime].

Investigation of the activity of supra- and supra (e)-dependent dehydrogenases of the Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from the pharynx mucous membrane of healthy subjects showed that the level of the substrate exchange between the tricarbonic acid cycle and the amino acid metabolism reactions, as well as the intensity of the glycolysis terminal reactions and the glutathione reductase activity depended on the bacteria susceptibility to cefotaxime.

[Rationale for the use of local antibacterial therapy in the postoperative period following rhinosurgical interventions].

The objective of this study was to assess the appropriateness of using local antibacterial therapy in the postoperative period following rhinosurgical interventions based on the results of hemiluminescent, microbiological, and cytological studies. They included 20 patients who had underwent surgical intervention in the nasal cavity. The control group comprised 20 healthy subjects. The early postoperative period was characterized by a rise in the number and activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in blood and nasal mucosa along with a substantial increase of the abundance of bacterial flora in the nasal cavity. This suggests the necessity of local antibacterial therapy during the postoperative period following rhinosurgical interventions. Bioparox (fusafungine) spray is recommended as the optimal antibacterial preparation for the purpose by virtue of its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and strong anti-inflammatory action. Bioparox has an advantage over other sprays and aerosols in terms of pharmacokinetic characteristics.

[Comparative characteristics of the staphylococcus landscape of nasal mucosa in patients with sinusitis and rhinitis].

This paper reports results of the study of nasal mucosal microflora in patients with chronic sinusitis (CS) and rhinitis (CR). The study revealed dysbacteriosis of nasal mucosa in the patients of both groups. At the same time, the structure of mucosal microbiocenoses was not significantly different in patients with CS and CR. Moreover, the study has demonstrated enhanced pathogenic activity of Staphylococcus bacteria in both CS and CR.

[Immunity features in patients with upper respiratory tract disease caused by Chlamydia].

Comparative analysis of results of clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with chronic nasal or nasal sinuses' diseases (chronic rhinitis or maxillary sinusitis) associated or not associated with Chlamydia infection was performed. It was shown that in patients infected with Chlamydia, along with unidirectional changes typical for all patients irrespective from presence or absence of Chlamydia, the features of immune response against these infectious agents take place.

[Microflora of nasal mucosa in patients with maxillar sinusitis].

Quantitative and qualitative composition of microflora of nasal mucosa as well as carriage of staphylococci was assessed in patients with chronic and acute forms of maxillary sinusitis. Changes in microflora of nasal mucosa and presence of pathogenic and persistence-associated characteristics of staphylococci in both forms of maxillary sinusitis were revealed. Increase of resistance staphylococci to antibiotics in patients with chronic form of maxillary sinusitis was shown.

[Chlamydial infection in chronic adenoiditis children].

The examination of 169 children aged 3-15 years admitted to ENT department for exacerbation of chronic adenoiditis has shown high chlamydial contamination of the pharyngeal mucosa. Identification of chlamydial structures and specific antibodies was performed with application of direct (polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence) and indirect (EIA) methods. Specific structure of the verified pathogens as well as clinical manifestations of adenoiditis associated with chlamydial infection and characteristics of immune response of the child to chlamydia are described.

[Properties of nasal mucosal microflora in patients with allergic rhinosinusitis].

Analysis of microbial composition of nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis revealed marked changes in microflora compared with healthy subjects. Specifically, the overall diversity of staphylococci decreased while the abundance of S. aureus increased. The number of strains with pathogenic and persisting properties in patients with allergic rhinitis was greater than in controls.

[Microbiocenosis of nasal mucous membrane during allergic rhinosinusitis].

Overall quantity of microorganisms and their relative prevalence on nasal mucous membrane in patients with allergic rhinosinusitis are determined. Microbial flora in studied group was characterized qualitatively and quantitatively. Obtained results showed that there were changes of microbiocenosis of nasal mucous membrane during allergic rhinosinusitis and in characteristics of species in Staphylococcus genus.

[Problem of antibiotic resistance development in Staphylococcus epidermidis population subject to technogenic load].

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from the pharynx of persons in various regions of Krasnoyarsk was tested. The highest percentage of the isolates was resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics in both the ecologically comparatively favourable regions and the regions exposed to diverse technogenic loads. However, the isolates from the ecologically unfavourable regions were highly resistant to a greater variety of antibiotics. The neuronet analysis as well revealed high informative value of the results.