Negative differential resistance: gate controlled and photoconductance enhancement in carbon nanotube intraconnects.

Intraconnects, as-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes bridging two metal electrodes, were investigated as gated structures. We show that even with a seemingly "ohmic" contact at zero gate voltage one observes negative differential resistance (NDR) at nonzero gate bias. Large differential photo conductance (DPC) was associated with the NDR effect raising hopes for the fabrication of novel high-speed optoelectronic devices.

Carbon nanotubes bridges spanning across metal electrode tips.

Systematically growing carbon nanotubes at exact locations within an optoelectronic circuit is a long sought goal. Here we electrically and optically characterize individual CNT bridges spanning across pre-fabricated and addressable metal tips.

Small-Signal Performance and Modeling of sub-50nm nMOSFETs with f above 460-GHz.

We have fabricated and tested the performance of sub-50nm gate nMOSFETs to assess their suitability for mixed signal applications in the super high frequency (SHF) band, i.e. 3-30GHz. For a 30nm×40 µm×2 device, we found f(T) =465GHz at V(ds)=2V, V(g)=0.67V, which is the highest cut-off frequency reported for a MOSFET produced on bulk silicon substrate so far. However, our measurements of f(max) and noise figure indicate that parasitics impose limitations on SHF operation. We also present a high-frequency ac model appropriate to sub-50nm gate length nanotransistors, which incorporates the effects of the parasitics. The model accurately accounts for measurements of the S and Y parameters in the frequency range from 1 to 50GHz.

Domestic violence--an emerging health issue.

The aim of this paper is to explain some of the aspects included in the concept of family violence, to summarize the principal theoretical models proposed to explain it, as well as to describe the principal syndromes included within the scope of the concept: battered woman, courtship violence, child-abuse, child sexual-abuse, child witnessing violence, sibling violence and elderly violence. Particular emphasis is put on the description of the effects that different types of family violence cause on the individuals' health.

[New paradigms in human sciences]. / Nuevos paradigmas en ciencias humanas.

In this paper, the author describes the jump of paradigm in Human Sciences the conceptual model introduced by G. Bateson implies inasmuch as it shifts emphasis from the analysis of facts to formal organization of reality, and defines 'mental' as a concept which comprehends an organism with relation to its surroundings. The author reviews the main ideas Bateson extracted from both the systems theory and cybernetics in order to outline his 'ecology of human mind'. The complexity of psychosocial processes, however, requires no such mechanical models--i.e. 'less mechanical' ones--to explain time as a continuum in which changes in human systems occur, for instance. Thus, systems dynamics and recursivity models including a multiplicity of feedback loops contribute with some useful constructs. Finally, some ideas developed within 'hard sciences', applied to Social Sciences to integrate the complexity of the goals are also discussed.

[Family ideology]. / Acerca de la ideología familiar.

This paper treats the definition of the concept of family ideology linking it to that of social ideology. In both cases the ideology is seen as patterns of messages that obey certain semantic rules. Within the family context, it is considered that the conditions of production of the ideology are, concerning the profound structures, the unconscious oedipus conflict and kindred system that determines the family organization. Concerning the surface structures, the myths and beliefs that appear in each group as an answer to the need of accounting for the conflicts inherent to the family structure. The family ideology guides the subjects to places predetermined by the oedipus conflicts, "semanticizes" the conflicts and tends to dissimulate the conditions of production through the illusion that the subject is the producer. To analyze the family ideology, the following items must be taken into account: 1) Which are the semantic lines that are privileged in the couple and parent-children relationships. 2) The relations between the semantic lines established by the articulation rules prescribed by the cultural system. 3) The elementary forms of the ideological universe (the "actantial" model applied to family relationships). These three aspects articulate between themselves through transformation rules.

[Stress of teachers and students' violence]. / Estrés docente y violencia estudiantil.

A training program for secondary school teachers, by the name of Stress inoculation, is presented. It is aimed at coping with conflictive situations likely to arise in a classroom. Adapted from D. Menchembaum's model, this program has been developed, and assessed at three secondary schools of the city of Buenos Aires: It is the author's contention that it lives up to her expectations. Teachers are trained to develop resources enabling them to: (a) recognize alarm signals arising in their relationships with students (i.e., signals advising that such relationships are in jeopardy), (b) cut sequences leading initial situations to burst out in violent behavior, and (c) incorporate coping alternatives when facing violent situations so that both teaching, and teacher-students relationship are preserved--as well as teacher's and students' mental health.

[Medico-psychological approach to families with chronic patients]. / Abordaje médico-psicológico de familias con pacientes crónicos.

In this paper, a clinical psychological approach to families with a diabetic patient, extensive to other chronic conditions, is described. The main purpose is to act on the emotional factors that the disease produces in the family as a system and that interfere in the therapeutic success. To operate two areas are proposed: a) Cognitive, trying to know and make clear any distorted information the family may have about the disease, with special emphasis on non-critical believes. To make conscious these primitive myths constitutes a valuable tool leading to their questioning and eventual correction, and consequently improving the family behavior related to the control of the disease. b) Family dynamics. Diabetes, as other chronic diseases, facilitates the broadening of the pre-existing dependency links. Furthermore, if the organic disease constitutes a sort of limit not seen in psychiatric disorders, the load on the patient of other conflicts can be understood as the rol played by the "identified patient" as mentally ill. The individual "marked" with an organic disease is an adequate target to receive multiple deposits from unsolved family system conflicts expressed through many disfunctional interactions, being "enmeshment" of everyone to everyone and "overprotection" characteristic features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Patterns of alcohol consumption among families with chronic somatic patients]. / Patrones de consumo de alcohol en familias de enfermos orgánicos crónicos.

This paper intends a description of family climate likely to be found in low-class low-earnings sectors, sick persons suffering from chronic somatic pathologies are living in. The biopsychosocial model was the analysis model researchers selected to carry on the study: It allows the detection of risk situations connected with the different ways a family milieu casts its influence when an unfavorable evolution of the illness involved is at stake, i.e. when the development of such an illness slips from doctors's expectations. In the patients sample population under study, the incidence of "alcohol consumption within the family group" variable was deemed as one of the heaviest factors when the somatic illness worsens. Among those families where an active alcohol consumption could be detected, two alternative solutions were, also, likely to be found at the same time, namely: a family continued consumption pattern, and a family discontinued consumption pattern. Among the former consumption, alcohol appears as a central organization motive round which all group rules and norms center. Instead, the patient involved is confined to marginality, and deprived from the least psychophysical care as well. Quite contrary, among families where alcohol consumption was eventually ousted, organization patterns feature solidarity, and care to the patient involved.

[An AIDS-related cognitive map in a sample of drug abusers in Buenos Aires City]. / Mapa cognitivo del SIDA en una muestra de drogadictos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires.

This paper is an approach to AIDS as a topic among a drug abusers sample of the city of Buenos Aires. Research was carried out on the basis of a qualitative methodology. In an attempt at surveying opinions and attitudes of such a sample as regards AIDS (i.e. subjects' cognitive map), 21 drug abusers from three different rehabilitation programs operating in the B.A. area were interviewed. On the basis of the research performed, the authors elaborate communication strategies among drug abusers that would be helpful for authorities engaged in AIDS prevention to adopt. To boost a strategy likely to break up the AIDS-drug association existing in the mind of many an abuser would be highly advisable so that a separation be settled between both representations, thus giving drug abusers a higher motivation for self-care practice.

[Sexual models in adolescents and adults]. / Modelos sexuales en jóvenes y adultos.

Findings of a research that has been carried over among 13- to 19-year-old young people, their parents, and their teachers with regard to sex models of all involved are presented. Subjects were from the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Social representations of the three subject samples involved about sex behavior, certain values linked to sexuality, and certain gender patterns are discussed.

Acerca de la ideologia familiar. / About family ideology

Este trabajo aborda la definicion del concepto de ideologia familiar, ligandolo al de ideologia social. En ambos casos la ideologia es vista como configuraciones de mensajes que obedecen a reglas semanticas determinadas. En el contexto familiar se considera que las condiciones de produccion de la ideologia son a nivel de las estructuras profundas, la conflictiva edipica inconsciente y el sistema de parentesco que determina la organizacion familiar, y a nivel de las estructuras superficiales, los mitos y creencias que surgen en cada grupo como respuesta frente a la necesidad de dar cuenta de los conflictos inherentes a la estructura familar

Nuevos paradigmas en ciencias humanas. / [New paradigms in human sciences]

In this paper, the author describes the jump of paradigm in Human Sciences the conceptual model introduced by G. Bateson implies inasmuch as it shifts emphasis from the analysis of facts to formal organization of reality, and defines mental as a concept which comprehends an organism with relation to its surroundings. The author reviews the main ideas Bateson extracted from both the systems theory and cybernetics in order to outline his ecology of human mind. The complexity of psychosocial processes, however, requires no such mechanical models--i.e. less mechanical ones--to explain time as a continuum in which changes in human systems occur, for instance. Thus, systems dynamics and recursivity models including a multiplicity of feedback loops contribute with some useful constructs. Finally, some ideas developed within hard sciences, applied to Social Sciences to integrate the complexity of the goals are also discussed.

Acerca de la ideología familiar. / [Family ideology]

This paper treats the definition of the concept of family ideology linking it to that of social ideology. In both cases the ideology is seen as patterns of messages that obey certain semantic rules. Within the family context, it is considered that the conditions of production of the ideology are, concerning the profound structures, the unconscious oedipus conflict and kindred system that determines the family organization. Concerning the surface structures, the myths and beliefs that appear in each group as an answer to the need of accounting for the conflicts inherent to the family structure. The family ideology guides the subjects to places predetermined by the oedipus conflicts, [quot ]semanticizes[quot ] the conflicts and tends to dissimulate the conditions of production through the illusion that the subject is the producer. To analyze the family ideology, the following items must be taken into account: 1) Which are the semantic lines that are privileged in the couple and parent-children relationships. 2) The relations between the semantic lines established by the articulation rules prescribed by the cultural system. 3) The elementary forms of the ideological universe (the [quot ]actantial[quot ] model applied to family relationships). These three aspects articulate between themselves through transformation rules.

Acerca de la ideologia familiar. / About family ideology

Este trabajo aborda la definicion del concepto de ideologia familiar, ligandolo al de ideologia social. En ambos casos la ideologia es vista como configuraciones de mensajes que obedecen a reglas semanticas determinadas. En el contexto familiar se considera que las condiciones de produccion de la ideologia son a nivel de las estructuras profundas, la conflictiva edipica inconsciente y el sistema de parentesco que determina la organizacion familiar, y a nivel de las estructuras superficiales, los mitos y creencias que surgen en cada grupo como respuesta frente a la necesidad de dar cuenta de los conflictos inherentes a la estructura familar

Abordaje medico-psicologico de familias con pacientes cronicos. / Medicopsychological approach of families with chronic patients

Se describe un modelo de abordaje medicopsicologico de familias con un miembro diabetico, que puede ser extensible a otras enfermedades cronicas. Se busca actuar sobre los factores emocionales que la enfermedad cronica produce en la familia como sistema y que interfieren en el aprovechamiento de la consulta medica y en el manejo adecuado de la enfermedad.Se propone actuar sobre dos areas: a) la cognitiva, tratando de que surjan y aclaren las distorsiones en la informacion que el grupo familiar maneja acerca de la afeccion; b) la dinamica familiar: la diabetes, igual que otras enfermedades cronicas, se presta a amplificaciones de los vinculos de dependencia que posiblemente ligaran a la familia previamente. El modelo de trabajo mencionado apunta a la elaboracion de tecnicas especificas para cada familia, tendientes a lograr una mayor autonomia del paciente. Es dable esperar, operando con plazos breves, que se logre un mejor control de la enfermedad, en el caso de la diabetes, y avances en el sentido de una mayor discriminacion a nivel de los subsistemas parental y filial, y a nivel individual

Estrés docente y violencia estudiantil. / [Stress of teachers and students violence]

A training program for secondary school teachers, by the name of Stress inoculation, is presented. It is aimed at coping with conflictive situations likely to arise in a classroom. Adapted from D. Menchembaums model, this program has been developed, and assessed at three secondary schools of the city of Buenos Aires: It is the authors contention that it lives up to her expectations. Teachers are trained to develop resources enabling them to: (a) recognize alarm signals arising in their relationships with students (i.e., signals advising that such relationships are in jeopardy), (b) cut sequences leading initial situations to burst out in violent behavior, and (c) incorporate coping alternatives when facing violent situations so that both teaching, and teacher-students relationship are preserved--as well as teachers and students mental health.

Abordaje médico-psicológico de familias con pacientes crónicos. / [Medico-psychological approach to families with chronic patients]

In this paper, a clinical psychological approach to families with a diabetic patient, extensive to other chronic conditions, is described. The main purpose is to act on the emotional factors that the disease produces in the family as a system and that interfere in the therapeutic success. To operate two areas are proposed: a) Cognitive, trying to know and make clear any distorted information the family may have about the disease, with special emphasis on non-critical believes. To make conscious these primitive myths constitutes a valuable tool leading to their questioning and eventual correction, and consequently improving the family behavior related to the control of the disease. b) Family dynamics. Diabetes, as other chronic diseases, facilitates the broadening of the pre-existing dependency links. Furthermore, if the organic disease constitutes a sort of limit not seen in psychiatric disorders, the load on the patient of other conflicts can be understood as the rol played by the [quot ]identified patient[quot ] as mentally ill. The individual [quot ]marked[quot ] with an organic disease is an adequate target to receive multiple deposits from unsolved family system conflicts expressed through many disfunctional interactions, being [quot ]enmeshment[quot ] of everyone to everyone and [quot ]overprotection[quot ] characteristic features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Estrés docente y violencia estudiantil. / [Stress of teachers and students violence]

A training program for secondary school teachers, by the name of Stress inoculation, is presented. It is aimed at coping with conflictive situations likely to arise in a classroom. Adapted from D. Menchembaums model, this program has been developed, and assessed at three secondary schools of the city of Buenos Aires: It is the authors contention that it lives up to her expectations. Teachers are trained to develop resources enabling them to: (a) recognize alarm signals arising in their relationships with students (i.e., signals advising that such relationships are in jeopardy), (b) cut sequences leading initial situations to burst out in violent behavior, and (c) incorporate coping alternatives when facing violent situations so that both teaching, and teacher-students relationship are preserved--as well as teachers and students mental health.