RESUMO
Repair of damaged DNA is essential for maintaining genome integrity and for preventing genome-instability-associated diseases, such as cancer. By combining proximity labeling with quantitative mass spectrometry, we generated high-resolution interaction neighborhood maps of the endogenously expressed DNA repair factors 53BP1, BRCA1, and MDC1. Our spatially resolved interaction maps reveal rich network intricacies, identify shared and bait-specific interaction modules, and implicate previously concealed regulators in this process. We identified a novel vertebrate-specific protein complex, shieldin, comprising REV7 plus three previously uncharacterized proteins, RINN1 (CTC-534A2.2), RINN2 (FAM35A), and RINN3 (C20ORF196). Recruitment of shieldin to DSBs, via the ATM-RNF8-RNF168-53BP1-RIF1 axis, promotes NHEJ-dependent repair of intrachromosomal breaks, immunoglobulin class-switch recombination (CSR), and fusion of unprotected telomeres. Shieldin functions as a downstream effector of 53BP1-RIF1 in restraining DNA end resection and in sensitizing BRCA1-deficient cells to PARP inhibitors. These findings have implications for understanding cancer-associated PARPi resistance and the evolution of antibody CSR in higher vertebrates.
Assuntos
Reparo do DNA por Junção de Extremidades/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/farmacologia , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Proteína BRCA1/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA1/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Humanos , Switching de Imunoglobulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Mad2/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Mad2/genética , Proteínas Mad2/metabolismo , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Telômeros/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Ligação a Telômeros/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Telômeros/metabolismo , Transativadores/genética , Transativadores/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Ligação à Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína 1 de Ligação à Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína 1 de Ligação à Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/antagonistas & inibidores , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismoRESUMO
The Escherichia coli TetR-related transcriptional regulator RutR is involved in the coordination of pyrimidine and purine metabolism. Here we report that lysine acetylation modulates RutR function. Applying the genetic code expansion concept, we produced site-specifically lysine-acetylated RutR proteins. The crystal structure of lysine-acetylated RutR reveals how acetylation switches off RutR-DNA-binding. We apply the genetic code expansion concept in E. coli in vivo revealing the consequences of RutR acetylation on the transcriptional level. We propose a model in which RutR acetylation follows different kinetic profiles either reacting non-enzymatically with acetyl-phosphate or enzymatically catalysed by the lysine acetyltransferases PatZ/YfiQ and YiaC. The NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylase CobB reverses enzymatic and non-enzymatic acetylation of RutR playing a dual regulatory and detoxifying role. By detecting cellular acetyl-CoA, NAD+ and acetyl-phosphate, bacteria apply lysine acetylation of transcriptional regulators to sense the cellular metabolic state directly adjusting gene expression to changing environmental conditions.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Lisina/metabolismo , Acetilação , NAD/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Fosfatos/metabolismoRESUMO
Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification that is conserved from bacteria to humans. It is catalysed by the activities of lysine acetyltransferases, which use acetyl-CoA as the acetyl-donor molecule, and lysine deacetylases, which remove the acetyl moiety. Recently, it was reported that YcgC represents a new prokaryotic deacetylase family with no apparent homologies to existing deacetylases (Tu et al., 2015). Here we report the results of experiments which demonstrate that YcgC is not a deacetylase.