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PURPOSE: The impact of pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents remains understudied. Short scales have some advantages in terms of economy and administration over longer scales, especially in younger children. The aim of the present study is to psychometrically evaluate the six-item German version of the QOLIBRI-OS-KID/ADO scale for children and adolescents. In addition, reference values from a general German pediatric population are obtained to assist clinicians and researchers in the interpretation of HRQoL after pTBI. METHODS: A total of 297 individuals after TBI and 1997 from a general population sample completed the questionnaire. Reliability, validity, and comparability of the assessed construct were examined. RESULTS: The questionnaire showed satisfactory reliability (α = 0.75 and ω = 0.81 and α = 0.85 and ω = 0.86 for the TBI and general population samples, respectively). The QOLIBRI-OS-KID/ADO was highly correlated with its long version (R2 = 67%) and showed an overlap with disease-specific HRQoL (R2 = 55%) in the TBI sample. The one-dimensional factorial structure could be replicated and tested for measurement invariance between samples, indicating a comparable HRQoL construct assessment. Therefore, reference values and cut-offs indicating clinically relevant impairment could be provided using percentiles stratified by factors significantly associated with the total score in the regression analyses (i.e., age group and gender). CONCLUSION: In combination with the cut-offs, the QOLIBRI-OS-KID/ADO provides a cost-effective screening tool, complemented by interpretation guidelines, which may help to draw clinical conclusions and indications such as further administration of a longer version of the instrument to gain more detailed insight into impaired HRQoL domains or omission of further steps in the absence of an indication.
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Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been limited in children and adolescents due to a lack of disease-specific instruments. To fill this gap, the Quality of Life after Traumatic Brain Injury for Children and Adolescents (QOLIBRI-KID/ADO) Questionnaire was developed for the German-speaking population. Reference values from a comparable general population are essential for comprehending the impact of TBI on health and well-being. This study examines the validity of the German QOLIBRI-KID/ADO in a general pediatric population in Germany and provides reference values for use in clinical practice. Overall, 1997 children and adolescents aged 8-17 years from the general population and 300 from the TBI population participated in this study. The questionnaire was tested for reliability and validity. A measurement invariance (MI) approach was used to assess the comparability of the HRQoL construct between both samples. Reference values were determined by percentile-based stratification according to factors that significantly influenced HRQoL in regression analyses. The QOLIBRI-KID/ADO demonstrated strong psychometric properties. The HRQoL construct was measured largely equivalently in both samples, and reference values could be provided. The QOLIBRI-KID/ADO was considered reliable and valid for assessing HRQoL in a general German-speaking pediatric population, allowing for clinically meaningful comparisons between general and TBI populations.
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1266828.].
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Background: Post-concussion symptoms (PCS) are a common consequence of pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI). They include cognitive, emotional, and physical disturbances. To address the lack of age-adapted instruments assessing PCS after pTBI, this study examines the psychometric properties of the German 17-item post-TBI version of the Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI-SR8) in children aged 8-12 years. The study also aims to establish reference values based on data from a pediatric general population sample to better estimate the prevalence and clinical relevance of PCS after pTBI in clinical and research settings. Methods: A total of 132 children aged 8-12 years from a post-acute TBI sample and 1,047 from a general population sample were included in the analyses. The questionnaire was translated from English into German and linguistically validated using forward and backward translation and cognitive debriefing to ensure comprehensibility of the developed version. Reliability and validity were examined; descriptive comparisons were made with the results of the English study. Measurement invariance (MI) analyses between TBI and general population samples were conducted prior to establishing reference values. Factors contributing to the total and scale scores of the PCSI-SR8 were identified using regression analyses. Reference values were calculated using percentiles. Results: Most children (TBI: 83%; general population: 79%) rated at least one symptom as "a little" bothersome. The German PCSI-SR8 met the psychometric assumptions in both samples and was comparable to the English version. The four-factor structure comprising physical, emotional, cognitive, and fatigue symptoms could be replicated. The MI assumption was retained. Therefore, reference values could be provided to determine the symptom burden of patients in relation to a comparable general population. Clinical relevance of reported symptoms is indicated by a score of 8, which is one standard deviation above the mean of the general population sample. Conclusion: The German version of the PCSI-SR8 is suitable for assessment of PCS after pTBI. The reference values allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of PCS following pTBI. Future research should focus on validation of the PCSI-SR8 in more acute phases of TBI, psychometric examination of the pre-post version, and child-proxy comparisons.