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BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of secreting different substances, including the anti-inflammatory protein TSG-6, which can be useful in the treatment of diseases with inflammatory reactions. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the TSG-6 gene in MSCs derived from the umbilical cord. For better understanding of the anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs, we additionally assessed the expression of some interleukins (ILs). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group included 45 patients after delivery, aged from 21 to 46 years; the average patient age was 33 years. MSCs were isolated enzymatically from umbilical cord Wharton's jelly, in vitro cultured, and characterized using flow cytometry; qPCR was performed to assess expression of the studied genes. The expression of genes of a number of pro-inflammatory ILs in MSCs was investigated in relation to the health of patients (coexistence of hypertension), the level of leukocytes, pCO2, and hemoglobin in the blood. RESULTS Our research showed that the expression of the TSG-6 gene in MSCs depends on coexisting diseases in the patient and the biochemical parameters of umbilical cord blood, including the important role of cord blood pH. We found that the levels of IL2 and IL6 expression were correlated with pCO2, and IL6 expression were correlated with pO2. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that maternal health status and cord blood biochemical parame-ters could affect the anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs; however, this needs to be confirmed in a future study.
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Sangue Fetal , Interleucina-6 , Humanos , Adulto , Interleucina-6/genética , Cordão Umbilical , Transporte Biológico , FamíliaRESUMO
SOX2 is a recognized pluripotent transcription factor involved in stem cell homeostasis, self-renewal and reprogramming. It belongs to, one of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors, taking part in the regulation of embryonic development and determination of cell fate. Among other functions, SOX2 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. SOX2 interacts with other transcription factors in multiple signaling pathways to control growth and survival. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a parturient's age, umbilical cord blood pH and length of pregnancy on the quality of stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly (WJSC) by looking at birth weight and using SOX2 gene expression as a marker. Using qPCR the authors, evaluated the expression of SOX2 in WJSC acquired from the umbilical cords of 30 women right after the delivery. The results showed a significant correlation between the birth weight and the expression of SOX2 in WJSC in relation to maternal age, umbilical cord blood pH, and the length of pregnancy. The authors observed that the younger the woman and the lower the umbilical cord blood pH, the earlier the delivery occurs, the lower the birth weight and the higher SOX2 gene expression in WJSC. In research studies and clinical applications of regenerative medicine utilizing mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's Jelly of the umbilical cord, assessment of maternal and embryonic factors influencing the quality of cells is critical.
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Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1 , Geleia de Wharton , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Peso ao Nascer , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Gravidez , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Geleia de Wharton/citologia , Geleia de Wharton/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of heterogeneous congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS). Acrania is a non-NTD congenital disorder related to the CNS. It can transform into anencephaly through the acrania-exencephaly-anencephaly sequence (AEAS). In AEAS, the cerebral tissue is not protected and is gradually destroyed due to exposure to the harmful effect of amniotic fluid and mechanical injuries. These lead to exencephaly and then into anencephaly. In contrast to primary anencephaly (NTDs), this type of anencephaly authors suggests calling secondary anencephaly. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the known prenatal ultrasonography (US) signs associated with AEAS. Simultaneously, the authors propose a new sign in the differentiation of acrania from exencephaly and anencephaly, called the "beret" sign. METHODS: It is a two-centre retrospective observational study. As part of the study, 4060 US scans were analyzed. RESULTS: In 10 cases, the absence of calvarium was diagnosed, allowing recognition of either AEAS stages or primary anencephaly. In 5 cases, cerebral structures were enclosed by an inertial rippled thin membrane, with a smooth outer contour. Between the described membrane and the brain structures, a thin anechoic space corresponding to cerebrospinal fluid was observed. This sign was defined as the "beret" sign. In these cases, acrania was diagnosed. In three cases calvarium was missing. The brain structures had an irregular appearance, did not wave and remained motionless. The outer contour was unequal as if divided into lobes. Amniotic fluid was anechoic. Exencephaly was diagnosed in these cases. In two cases calvarium, brain structures, and meninges were missing. The "frog eyes" sign and slightly echogenic amniotic fluid were visible. In this case, anencephaly was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: The "beret" sign seems to be a promising tool in the diagnosis of acrania. Furthermore, echogenicity of amniotic fluid could be useful during differentiation between primary and secondary anencephaly.
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Anencefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/diagnóstico por imagem , Crânio , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Líquido Amniótico , Anencefalia/complicações , Anencefalia/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/complicações , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Crânio/anormalidades , Crânio/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The umbilical cord is the only connection between the mother and the fetus, through which it is possible to transport respiratory gases, nutrients, and metabolites. Thanks to the umbilical cord, the fetus has also the ability to move, which is necessary for its proper psychomotor development. The correct structure and function of umbilical vessels and the entire umbilical cord determine the possibility of proper development and survival of the fetus. Umbilical cord anatomy should be assessed in the ultrasound examination in the first trimester. It is of vital importance to confirm the correct number of umbilical vessels and their intra-abdominal course, as well as carefully assessing the abdominal and placental insertion sites. In the latter half of pregnancy, the use of the Doppler imaging enables assessment of the function of the fetal-placental vessels, thus providing valuable information about the condition of the fetus.
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Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Cordão Umbilical/anormalidades , Cordão Umbilical/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Sofrimento Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Feto/diagnóstico por imagem , Feto/metabolismo , Humanos , GravidezRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) is usually an isolated finding but it may be accompanied by other fetal malformations. AIMS: We aimed to determine the incidence of prenatally diagnosed PRUV in a referral population, assess the neonatal outcome and discuss the findings together with those from previous publications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2360 women with low-risk singleton pregnancies were examined in the second and third trimesters. A transabdominal convex volume transducer was used. B-mode was applied in each patient. Scanning of the venous system included imaging of the target vessels with two-dimensional colour Doppler mapping. The diagnosis of PRUV was made in a transverse section of the fetal abdomen. Three-dimensional ultrasounds were performed as necessary, when anomalous cases were encountered. RESULTS: The incidence of PRUV in our population was 12/2360 = 0.5%, and it was higher than in other retrospective studies. In 75% (n = 9), PRUV was an isolated finding where delivery was uneventful and the postnatal outcome was favourable. In two cases PRUV was accompanied by omphalocele, and in one case by tetralogy of Fallot and single umbilical artery. CONCLUSIONS: PRUV is an uncommon prenatal finding. Screening for this anomaly can be easily performed in all pregnant patients. A diagnosis of PRUV should be followed by a thorough fetal morphology scan in order to exclude any other malformations, especially those of the cardiovascular system.
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Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Veias Umbilicais/anormalidades , Adolescente , Adulto , Anormalidades Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polônia/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Veias Umbilicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells, MSCs, show expression of specific antigens on their surface. The aim of the study is to assess the phenotype of stem cells like isolated from the umbilical cord with respect to the presence of surface antigens CD34, CD90, and CD105 and differences in the expression of surface antigens in cells isolated from freshly sampled material in comparison with the phenotype of cells from in vitro culture. MATERIAL AND METHODS Stem cells collected from the umbilical cord from healthy patients and then cultured in vitro. To assess the phenotype of stem cells, cytometric analysis was carried out. To assess the phenotype of cells we used fluorescently labelled monoclonal antibodies: APC Mouse anti-human CD34, PC5 Mouse anti-human CD90 and PE Mouse anti-human CD105. RESULTS In the case of cells from the umbilical cord and then cultured in vitro for the period of 10-14 days CD34 expression is lower (69,5%) in comparison with the group of cells not cultured. Not cultured cells were demonstrated 37% of cells co-expression of antigens CD34 and CD105, over 21% of CD34/CD90 cells and over 24% of CD105/CD90. Cultured cells group was showed higher percentage of CD90, CD105, CD34/CD105, CD34/CD90, CD105/CD90 in comparison with not cultured cells. CONCLUSIONS Our reults suggested that adherent cells population from umbilical cord, demonstrate CD34 expression In vivo. Moreover, the phenotype of MSCs, mainly in the context of CD34 expression, may vary depending on the place of collection of cells and the length of growing the cell culture.
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Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Cordão Umbilical/citologia , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Adesão Celular/genética , Adesão Celular/fisiologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Separação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Células-TroncoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The exact route of human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) transmission from a pregnant woman to her fetus has not been clearly established thus far. The data of many studies raise the possibility of intrauterine infection. In order to clarify our knowledge about virus vertical transmission in pregnant women, viral prevalence in amniotic fluid cannot. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on HPV DNA and HSV DNA detection in amniotic fluid in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study covered 138 samples of amniotic fluid from patients undergoing invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures (for medical indications) during the second trimester of gestation. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of HPV and HSV in the amniotic fluid samples obtained from asymptomatic women with intact amniotic membranes. To identify viral DNA of HPV and HSV in collected material, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. RESULTS: We did not find HPV or HSV DNA in any of the examined specimens of amniotic fluid. CONCLUSION: Our investigation did not confirm the prenatal transmission of HPV and HSV to the amniotic fluid.
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Líquido Amniótico/virologia , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Herpes Simples/transmissão , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/transmissão , Polônia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Preterm labor remains to be one of the most important challenges of contemporary perinatology and constitutes the main reason of perinatal mortality and prematurity of neonates. Studies on preterm labor have confirmed the mutual interactions of several different hormonal systems while the activation of hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis seems to have the greatest influence. It has been also suggested that size and mass of fetal adrenal glands may be associated with the risk of preterm labor. Several authors have shown that the evaluation of fetal adrenal gland volume may be a useful marker of fetal growth during pregnancy. Technological advancements enabled the development of three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation (3D) of the fetal adrenal glands, facilitating a more precise evaluation of their volume. Also, it seems to have higher sensitivity and specificity than two-dimensional ultrasonography (2D). Studies have confirmed a direct relationship between fetal adrenal gland size and the onset of preterm labor within at least 1 week since the ultrasound exam. They have also suggested that in a physiological pregnancy the relation between fetal zone and the whole organ remains constant throughout the pregnancy. Disruption of these proportions and fetal zone enlargement are considered to be a marker of labor cascade and preterm labor with significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than ultrasound evaluation of the cervical length and assessment of the fetal fibronectin concentration.
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Glândulas Suprarrenais/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândulas Suprarrenais/embriologia , Desenvolvimento Fetal/fisiologia , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Gravidez , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodosRESUMO
Preterm labor remains to be one of the most important challenges of contemporary perinatology and constitutes the main reason of perinatal mortality and prematurity of neonates. Studies on preterm labor have confirmed the mutual interactions of several different hormonal systems while the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis seems to have the greatest influence. It has been also suggested that size and mass of fetal adrenal glands may be associated with the risk of preterm labor Several authors have shown that the evaluation of fetal adrenal gland volume may be a useful marker of fetal growth during pregnancy Technological advancements enabled the development of three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation (3D) of the fetal adrenal glands, facilitating a more precise evaluation of their volume. Also, it seems to have higher sensitivity and specificity than two-dimensional ultrasonography (2D). Studies have confirmed a direct relationship between fetal adrenal gland size and the onset of preterm labor within at least 1 week since the ultrasound exam. They have also suggested that in a physiological pregnancy the relation between fetal zone and the whole organ remains constant throughout the pregnancy Disruption of these proportions and fetal zone enlargement are considered to be a marker of labor cascade and preterm labor with significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than ultrasound evaluation of the cervical length and assessment of the fetal fibronectin concentration.
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Glândulas Suprarrenais/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândulas Suprarrenais/embriologia , Desenvolvimento Fetal/fisiologia , Nascimento Prematuro/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tamanho do Órgão , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodosRESUMO
A cesarean scar pregnancy is a pregnancy located within the uterine muscle after previous cesarean sections. Recent years have shown a significant increase in the rate of CS and an improvement in the ultrasound diagnosis, and therefore a trend towards an increase in the rate of CSP cases has been reported in many countries. We report on a case of CSP diagnosed using ultrasound at 5/6 weeks'gestation and confirmedbymagnetic resonance imaging. The patient underwent surgical management at 13 weeks, combined with the chemioembolization of the uterine arteries. The current review aims to update the knowledge of the available treatment modalities.
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Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Cicatriz/diagnóstico por imagem , Cicatriz/terapia , Gravidez Ectópica/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez Ectópica/terapia , Embolização da Artéria Uterina/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Resultado do Tratamento , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The prevention of infection in pregnancy is critical to provide an appropriate fetal development and term delivery. Natural antimicrobials are the mediators of innate immune system with antibacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal properties. It has been found that these antimicrobials play the great role in a homeostasis of bronchial and intestine epithelium, endometrium and epidermis. The activity of elafin--neutrophil elastase inhibitor--has been found in female reproductive system microenvironment (cervix, endometrium and fallopian tube) with the highest expression in the endometrium of non-pregnant women during ovulation and menstruation. The influence of elafin has been established on the maintenance of early pregnancy and the patomechanism of preterm labor and other pathology of pregnancy. Elafin level in amniotic fluid has been confirmed to be decreased in cases of preterm rupture of membranes (PROM). The protein may be a good marker of preterm labor and use in its diagnostics and treatment.
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Elafina/metabolismo , Endométrio/metabolismo , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/diagnóstico , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/metabolismo , Gravidez/metabolismo , Líquido Amniótico/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Ruptura Prematura de Membranas Fetais/metabolismo , Humanos , Menstruação/fisiologia , Ovulação/fisiologia , Inibidores de Proteases/metabolismoRESUMO
Introduction: Cells collected from Wharton's jelly are a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells. They can be easily obtained and grown using the adhesive method. They produce many types of proteins, including VEGF. Their role is to participate in angiogenesis, vasodilation, stimulation of cells to migrate, and chemotactic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression of genes from the vascular endothelial growth factor family: VEGFA, VEGFB and VEGFC in MSC and the analysis of dependence of the expression of the studied genes on clinical factors related to the course of pregnancy and childbirth, and health of mother and child. Material and Methods: The research material was an umbilical cord obtained from 40 patients hospitalized in the Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No.1 in Lublin. The age of the women was 21-46, all gave birth by cesarean section. Some of the patients suffered from hypertension and hypothyroidism. Material collected from patients immediately after delivery was subjected to enzymatic digestion with type I collagenase. The isolated cells were then cultured in adherent conditions, and then gene expression was assessed using qPCR and the immunophenotype of the cells was assessed cytometrically. Results: Conducted studies have shown significant differences in expression of VEGF family genes depending on clinical condition of mother and child. Significant differences in VEGF-family gene expression level in umbilical cord MSC collected from women with hypothyroidism, hypertension, time of labor and birth weight of the baby were shown. Conclusion: Probably due to hypoxia (caused, for example, by hypothyroidism or hypertension), the MSCs found in the umbilical cord may react with an increased expression of VEGF and a compensatory increase in the amount of secreted factor, the aim of which is, i.a., vasodilation and increase of blood supply to the fetus through the umbilical vessels.
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Doppler waves present hemodynamic state of vascular bed. This method is used in a diagnostic of pathological states in pregnancy. Basing on the observation of curve shape of uterine artery blood flow, we may conclude about its vascular resistance, wall tension and amount of blood. Several studies confirmed the opportunity of the use of Doppler uterine artery in a diagnosis and prognosis of complicated pregnancies. The incidence of notch in uterine artery blood flow was observed in pregnancies with incomplete trophoblast invasion and inadequate placentation. Many studies confirmed that bilateral notch might be associated with increased likelihood of different pregnancy complications, particularly pregnancy--induced hypertension (PIH) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The results of the most recent trials include the possibility of the use Ut-PI in a distinguishing of abnormal biochemical, prenatal tests in chromosomal aberrations and different pathological states in pregnancy such as preeclampsia and fetal hypotrophy.
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Complicações na Gravidez/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Artéria Uterina/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Placenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez , Resultado da GravidezRESUMO
Pregnant obese patients are at a greater risk of developing gestational diabetes (GDM). We present a case of an obese patient who developed GDM G2 and periventricular leukomalacia in the neonate after antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) treatment. We suggest that routine blood glucose monitoring should be considered during a course of prenatal steroid therapy in all patients in a higher risk group for glucose intolerance. In cases of hyperglycemia, intensive insulin therapy should be advised. More research and new recommendations are needed on antenatal glucocorticoids (GCS), obesity, and GDM.
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OBJECTIVES: Uterine leyomyomas are benign, monoclonal tumors that can cause abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, dyspareunia and/or obstruction of bladder or rectum. Women's growing interest in treatments that avoid surgery and/or preserve the uterus has contributed to the development of minimally invasive methods. Conducting a literature review and assessment of the effectiveness and safety of minimally invasive methods of treating fibroids, with particular emphasis on high intensity focused ultrasound. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic review of MEDLINE, Cochrane and PubMed was performed using the following key words: uterine artery embolization, high-intensity focused ultrasound, microwave ablation, radiofrequency ablation, minimally invasive, leiomyoma, fertility, pregnancy. English abstracts relevant to the topic were selected. Full-text articles were carefully analyzed. RESULTS: Uterine artery embolization is a proven, widely accepted method that is effective in appropriately qualified cases. Although high focused ultrasound is still an experimental procedure, preliminary studies seem to be promising. If its efficacy and safety are confirmed in randomized controlled trials, this method may find its place in clinical practice. Microwave and radiofrequency ablation are interesting minimally invasive methods with the future potential to be recognized as a method of treating fibroids. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive methods are becoming an important treatment option for fibroids. Further research is needed to recognize these procedures as a fully-fledged alternative to surgical treatment.
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Leiomioma , Embolização da Artéria Uterina , Neoplasias Uterinas , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologia , Leiomioma/patologia , Embolização da Artéria Uterina/métodos , Útero/patologia , Histerectomia/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introduction: Factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare hemorrhagic diathesis. In females, heavy menstrual and postpartum bleeding can appear as a consequence of its deficiency. Supplementation of the recombinant FVIIa is widely accepted. The supplementation effect in FVII-deficient subjects is difficult to predict, and severe hemorrhage has been described even when FVII levels after supplementation were within normal ranges. The aim of this report is to present the application of thromboelastometry to control the coagulation status in a patient with severe FVII deficiency during pregnancy and delivery, supplemented by rFVIIa per protocol complicated with life-threatening venous thromboembolism. Methods: Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was performed in 16 pregnant women: in one 28 year old primigravida at 35 weeks of pregnancy with congenital FVII deficiency after rFVIIa administration and 15 healthy women at 38 gestational weeks. The results were compared. Results: The thromboelastometry results showed significant shortening of the clotting time in the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathway in the hypoproconvertinemia patient after rFVIIa administration in relation to healthy pregnant women. A significant reduction in maximum lysis of the clot after FVII supplementation was observed. Conclusions: The thromboelastometry results showed a significant hypercoagulable state with hypoproconvertinemia. Thrombotic complications after delivery might be prevented by the reduction in rFVIIa guided by thromboelastometry. Thromboelastometry performed on a pregnant woman with factor VII deficiency during the supplementation of rFVIIa in peripartum time might be helpful in order to determine an individual, effective dosage regimen of rFVIIa to ensure full correction of clotting disorders without the tendency to develop thrombosis, but further studies are needed.
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Deficiência do Fator VII , Fator VIIa , Tromboelastografia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Deficiência do Fator VII/complicações , Deficiência do Fator VII/diagnóstico , Fator VIIa/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Gestantes , Proteínas Recombinantes , Tromboelastografia/métodosRESUMO
Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Its etiopathology is multifactorial; therefore, many of the tests contain the assessment of the biochemical factors and ultrasound evaluation of the cervix in patients at risk of preterm delivery. The study aimed at evaluating the socioeconomic data, ultrasound examinations with elastography, plasma concentrations of MMP-8 and MMP-9 metalloproteinases, and vaginal secretions in the control group as well as patients with threatened preterm delivery (high-risk patients). The study included 88 patients hospitalized in the Department of Obstetrics and Pregnancy Pathology, SPSK 1, in Lublin. Patients were qualified to the study group (50) with a transvaginal ultrasonography of cervical length (CL) ≤ 25 mm. The control group (38) were patients with a physiological course of pregnancy with CL > 25 mm. In the study group, the median length of the cervix was 17.49 mm. Elastographic parameters: strain and ratio were 0.20 and 0.83. In the control group, the median length of the cervix was 34.73 mm, while the strain and ratio were 0.20 and 1.23. In the study group, the concentration of MMP-8 in the serum and secretions of the cervix was on average 74.17 and 155.46 ng/mL, but in the control group, it was significantly lower, on average 58.49 and 94.19 ng/mL. The concentration of MMP-9 in both groups was on the same level. Evaluation of the cervical length and measurement of MMP-8 concentration are the methods of predicting preterm delivery in high-risk patients. The use of static elastography did not meet the criteria of a PTB marker.
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BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnant women, defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first detected during pregnancy. Explanation of its pathogenesis is extremely important due to the possibility of preventing serious maternal and fetal complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of two molecules: C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) which may possibly participate in GDM development. To our knowledge, this is the first study in pregnant women with GDM evaluating CTRP-3 level. METHODS: Serum CTRP-3 and PEDF concentration and clinical characteristics were detected in 172 pregnant women. These women were divided into two groups: normal glucose tolerance group (NGT, n = 54) and gestational diabetes mellitus group (GDM, n = 118). This second group was further divided into two subgroups depending on the treatment used: GDM 1-diet only (n = 75) and GDM 2-insulin treatment (n = 43). RESULTS: Our study did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the concentration of PEDF in the control and GDM group. In our study there was a significantly higher concentration of CTRP-3 evaluated in the peripheral blood serum in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to those in the control group (8.84 vs. 4.79 ng/mL). Significantly higher values of CTRP-3 were observed in both the diet-treated subgroup and the group with insulin therapy when compared to control group (8.40 and 10.96, respectively vs. 4.79 ng/mL). CONCLUSION: PEDF concentration does not change in GDM, whereas an increased level of CTRP-3 may point to the key role of this adipokine in the development of GDM.
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The knowledge of factors affecting the viability as well as proliferation and therapeutic potential of perinatal stem cells is of great importance for the decisions concerning their collection, multiplication, and storing. The aim of this work is to evaluate the expression of the BIRC2, BIRC3, and BIRC5 genes at the level of transcription in mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord Wharton's jelly. The study examined the relationship between the expression level of the studied genes and selected biophysical parameters of umbilical blood: pH, pCO2, pO2, and cHCO3. Moreover, the relationship between the pregnant age, the type of delivery (natural delivery or cesarean section), and the level of expression of the BIRC2, BIRC3, and BIRC5 genes was assessed. The research was carried out on mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJSC) taken from 55 women immediately after delivery. Expression of the examined genes was assessed with the qPCR method using commercially available reagent kits. On the basis of the conducted research, it was demonstrated that WJSCs collected from younger women giving birth naturally, and in the acidic environment of the umbilical cord blood, are characterized by a higher expression of the BIRC2, BIRC3, and BIRC5 genes. It was shown that the expression of the BIRC2 and BIRC3 genes in Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells declines with the mother's age. Our research suggests that stem cells collected from younger women giving birth naturally can be more resistant to apoptosis and show a more stem cell-like character, which can increase their therapeutic potential and clinical utility, but this conclusion needs to be approved in the next studies.
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Proteína 3 com Repetições IAP de Baculovírus/biossíntese , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/biossíntese , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Survivina/biossíntese , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/biossíntese , Geleia de Wharton/metabolismo , Adulto , Proteína 3 com Repetições IAP de Baculovírus/genética , Proteína 3 com Repetições IAP de Baculovírus/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Gravidez , Survivina/genética , Survivina/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Geleia de Wharton/citologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The connective tissue of the umbilical cord contains stem cells called Wharton's jelly cells. These cells express core transcription factors (NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2). The protein product of the SOX2 gene controls the cell cycle by interacting with cyclin D (directly and indirectly) and cycle inhibitors-p21 and p27, as well as two E2f3 protein isoforms. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of SOX2 on the cell cycle of stem cells of Wharton's jelly. The material for the study was the stem cells of Wharton's jelly isolated from 20 umbilical cords collected during childbirth. The stem cells collected were subjected to cytometric analysis, cell culture, and RNA isolation. cDNA was the starting material for the analysis of gene expression: SOX2, CCND1, CDK4, and CDKN1B. The studies indicate a high proliferative potential of the Wharton's jelly stem cells and the inhibitory effect of SOX2 on the expression of the CCND1 and CDK4 gene.