Pushout Bond Strength of Root Fillings after Irrigation of Root Canals Utilizing Sodium Hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine, and Homeopathic Mother Tincture (Arnica Montana).

The pushout bond strength of root fillings at radicular dentin was investigated employing NaOCl, CHX, and homoeopathic mother tincture (Arnica montana) as an irrigant. Sixty human permanent single-rooted extracted teeth were decoronated. The root canals were instrumented using Pro taper universal rotary system (Dentsply Tulsa Dental; Tulsa, Oklahoma) and were prepared up to F3 apical size. The roots were then randomly divided into three groups according to irrigation solution (n = 20) according to the final irrigation regimen: Group I: 3 mL 5.25% NaOCl followed by 3 mL Saline (control); Group II: 3 mL Arnica montana (10%, w/v) followed by 3 mL Saline; Group III: 3 mL CHX followed by 3 mL Saline. The canals were dried using paper points. The canals were coated with AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTey, Konstaz, Germany) with the aid of a Lentulo spiral (Dentsply DeTey, Konstaz, Germany) and obturated with #F3 gutta-percha. Each root was then horizontally sliced into three slices, labelled coronal, middle, and apical, each measuring 2 mm thick. Furthermore, at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min, the test was carried out using the universal testing apparatus. The 5.25% NaOCl significantly decreased the bond strength of AH Plus to dentin. Both CHX and Arnica montana were capable of reversing the compromised pushout of AH Plus to NaOCl-treated dentin. After using NaOCl as an irrigant, the danger of diminished binding capacity of AH Plus to root canal walls arises. Final irrigation with Arnica montana and CHX reduces this risk.

Remineralization potential of fluoride, amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide, and combination of hydroxylapatite and fluoride on enamel lesions: An in vitro comparative evaluation.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare remineralization potential of fluoride, amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide (ACP-CPP), and combination of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and fluoride on enamel lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: Ten intact caries-free human premolars were selected. The coronal portion of each tooth was sectioned into four parts to make four enamel blocks. The baseline surface microhardness (SMH) was measured for all the enamel specimens using Vickers microhardness testing machine. The artificial carious lesion was created by immersing the specimens in demineralizing solution for 3 consecutive days at 35° The SMH of each specimen was evaluated. All the four enamel sections of each tooth were subjected to various surface treatments, i.e., Group A - Fluoride varnish, Group B - ACP-CPP, Group C - Combination of HAP and fluoride (Clinpro), and Group D - Control group; no surface treatment. A carious progress test (pH cycle) was carried out which consisted of alternative demineralization (3 h) and remineralization using artificial saliva (21 h.) for 5 consecutive days. After pH cycling, SMH readings of each specimen were again assessed to evaluate remineralization potential of each surface treatment agent. RESULTS: Data obtained were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test which was applied to detect significant differences between different surface treatments at different phases of studies. CONCLUSION: Fluoride varnish shows higher remineralization potential of early carious lesion compare to ACP-CPP and Clinpro.