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1.
Exp Cell Res ; 439(1): 114055, 2024 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38704080

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Being implicated during tumor migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and proliferation, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/-phosphate (NADP)-dependent dehydrogenase/reductase member 2 (DHRS2) has been considered to be induced upon inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACi). In this study, we evaluated the current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of the (epi)genetic regulation of DHRS2, as well as its function during tumor progression. METHODS: DHRS2 expression was evaluated on mRNA- and protein-level upon treatment with HDACi by means of qRT-PCR and western blot analyses, respectively. Re-analysis of RNA-sequencing data gained insight into expression of specific DHRS2 isoforms, while re-analysis of ATAC-sequencing data shed light on the chromatin accessibility at the DHRS2 locus. Further examination of the energy and lipid metabolism of HDACi-treated urologic tumor cells was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Enhanced DHRS2 expression levels upon HDACi treatment were directly linked to an enhanced chromatin accessibility at the DHRS2 locus. Particularly the DHRS2 ENST00000250383.11 protein-coding isoform was increased upon HDACi treatment. Application of the HDACi quisinostat only mildly influenced the energy metabolism of urologic tumor cells, though, the analysis of the lipid metabolism showed diminished sphingosine levels, as well as decreased S1P levels. Also the ratios of S1P/sphingosine and S1P/ceramides were reduced in all four quisinostat-treated urologic tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: With the emphasis on urologic malignancies (testicular germ cell tumors, urothelial, prostate, and renal cell carcinoma), this study concluded that elevated DHRS2 levels are indicative of a successful HDACi treatment and, thereby offering a novel putative predictive biomarker.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Humanos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Urológicas/genética , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologia , Neoplasias Urológicas/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos
2.
Biochem J ; 481(16): 1075-1096, 2024 Aug 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39105673

RESUMO

Toxoplasma gondii is a widely distributed apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a critical health issue for immunocompromised individuals and for congenitally infected foetuses. Current treatment options are limited in number and associated with severe side effects. Thus, novel anti-toxoplasma agents need to be identified and developed. 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is considered the rate-limiting enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway for the biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate in the parasite, and has been previously investigated for its key role as a novel drug target in some species, encompassing Plasmodia, Mycobacteria and Escherichia coli. In this study, we present the first crystal structure of T. gondii DXR (TgDXR) in a tertiary complex with the inhibitor fosmidomycin and the cofactor NADPH in dimeric conformation at 2.5 Šresolution revealing the inhibitor binding mode. In addition, we biologically characterize reverse α-phenyl-ß-thia and ß-oxa fosmidomycin analogues and show that some derivatives are strong inhibitors of TgDXR which also, in contrast with fosmidomycin, inhibit the growth of T. gondii in vitro. Here, ((3,4-dichlorophenyl)((2-(hydroxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)thio)methyl)phosphonic acid was identified as the most potent anti T. gondii compound. These findings will enable the future design and development of more potent anti-toxoplasma DXR inhibitors.


Assuntos
Aldose-Cetose Isomerases , Fosfomicina , Complexos Multienzimáticos , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasma/enzimologia , Toxoplasma/efeitos dos fármacos , Aldose-Cetose Isomerases/antagonistas & inibidores , Aldose-Cetose Isomerases/química , Aldose-Cetose Isomerases/metabolismo , Aldose-Cetose Isomerases/genética , Fosfomicina/farmacologia , Fosfomicina/análogos & derivados , Fosfomicina/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Complexos Multienzimáticos/antagonistas & inibidores , Complexos Multienzimáticos/química , Complexos Multienzimáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Protozoários/química , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , NADP/metabolismo , NADP/química , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Oxirredutases/antagonistas & inibidores , Oxirredutases/química , Oxirredutases/metabolismo
3.
Eur Heart J ; 2024 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39217605

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors are recommended in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for bailout treatment in case of angiographic microvascular obstruction (MVO), also termed no-reflow phenomenon, after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with, however, lacking evidence (class IIa, level C). METHODS: The investigator-initiated, international, multicenter REVERSE-FLOW trial randomized 120 patients with AMI and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade ≤2 after primary PCI to optimal medical therapy with or without GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. The primary endpoint was infarct size (%LV) assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Secondary endpoints included CMR-derived MVO and 30-day adverse clinical events. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02739711. RESULTS: The population was predominantly male (76.7%) with a median age of 66 years and ST-elevation myocardial infarction in 73.3% of patients. Clinical and angiographic characteristics were well balanced between the cohorts. Patients in the treatment group (n=62) received eptifibatide (n=41) or tirofiban (n=21). Infarct size assessed by CMR imaging was similar in both study groups (25.4% of left ventricular mass [LV] vs. 25.2%LV; p=0.386). However, the number of patients with evidence of CMR-derived MVO (74.5% vs. 92.2%; p=0.017) and the extent of MVO (2.1%LV vs. 3.4%LV; p=0.025) were significantly reduced in the GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor group compared to controls. Thirty-day outcome showed an increased bleeding risk after GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor administration restricted to non-life-threatening bleedings (22.6% vs. 6.9%; p=0.016) without differences in all-cause mortality (4.8% vs. 3.4%; p=0.703). CONCLUSIONS: Bailout GP IIb/IIIa inhibition in AMI patients with angiographic MVO failed to reduce the primary endpoint infarct size but decreased CMR-derived MVO and led to an increase in non-fatal bleeding events.

4.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 103: 129701, 2024 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38484804

RESUMO

Malaria, a devastating disease, has claimed numerous lives and caused considerable suffering, with young children and pregnant women being the most severely affected group. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium and the adverse side effects associated with existing antimalarial drugs underscore the urgent need for the development of novel, well-tolerated, and more efficient drugs to combat this global health threat. To address these challenges, six new hydantoins derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Notably, compound 2c exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against the tested Pf3D7 strain, with an IC50 value of 3.97 ± 0.01 nM, three-fold better than chloroquine. Following closely, compound 3b demonstrated an IC50 value of 27.52 ± 3.37 µM against the Pf3D7 strain in vitro. Additionally, all the hydantoins derivatives tested showed inactive against human MCR-5 cells, with an IC50 value exceeding 100 µM. In summary, the hydantoin derivative 2c emerges as a promising candidate for further exploration as an antiplasmodial compound.


Assuntos
Antimaláricos , Hidantoínas , Malária , Gravidez , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Plasmodium falciparum , Cloroquina/farmacologia , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Hidantoínas/farmacologia
5.
Exp Parasitol ; 258: 108716, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38340779

RESUMO

There are more than 240 million cases of malaria and 600,000 associated deaths each year, most due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum parasites. While malaria treatment options exist, new drugs with novel modes of action are needed to address malaria parasite drug resistance. Protein lysine deacetylases (termed HDACs) are important epigenetic regulatory enzymes and prospective therapeutic targets for malaria. Here we report the antiplasmodial activity of a panel of 17 hydroxamate zinc binding group HDAC inhibitors with alkoxyamide linkers and different cap groups. The two most potent compounds (4a and 4b) were found to inhibit asexual P. falciparum growth with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50's) of 0.07 µM and 0.09 µM, respectively, and demonstrated >200-fold more selectivity for P. falciparum parasites versus human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (NFF). In situ hyperacetylation studies demonstrated that 4a, 4b and analogs caused P. falciparum histone H4 hyperacetylation, suggesting HDAC inhibition, with structure activity relationships providing information relevant to the design of new Plasmodium-specific aliphatic chain hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors.


Assuntos
Antimaláricos , Malária Falciparum , Malária , Parasitos , Animais , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Plasmodium falciparum , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/uso terapêutico , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(21)2022 Nov 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36362189

RESUMO

The treatment of leukemias, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is still a challenge as can be seen by poor 5-year survival of AML. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed to increase the treatment success. Epigenetic aberrations play a role in pathogenesis and resistance of leukemia. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACIs) can normalize epigenetic disbalance by affecting gene expression. In order to decrease side effects of so far mainly used pan-HDACIs, this paper introduces the novel highly selective class IIa HDACI YAK540. A synergistic cytotoxic effect was observed between YAK540 and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) as analyzed by the Chou-Talalay method. The combination of YAK540 and BTZ showed generally increased proapoptotic gene expression, increased p21 expression, and synergistic, caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis. Notably, the cytotoxicity of YAK540 is much lower than that of pan-HDACIs. Further, combinations of YAK540 and BTZ are clearly less toxic in non-cancer HEK293 compared to HL-60 leukemia cells. Thus, the synergistic combination of class IIa selective HDACIs such as YAK540 and proteasome inhibitors represents a promising approach against leukemias to increase the anticancer effect and to reduce the general toxicity of HDACIs.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Bortezomib/farmacologia , Bortezomib/uso terapêutico , Células HEK293 , Inibidores de Proteassoma/farmacologia , Apoptose , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sinergismo Farmacológico
7.
Circulation ; 142(15): 1437-1447, 2020 10 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32819145

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, local anesthesia with conscious sedation (CS) is performed in roughly 50% of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. However, no randomized data assessing the safety and efficacy of CS versus general anesthesia (GA) are available. METHODS: The SOLVE-TAVI (Comparison of Second-Generation Self-Expandable Versus Balloon-Expandable Valves and General Versus Local Anesthesia in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) trial is a multicenter, open-label, 2×2 factorial, randomized trial of 447 patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement comparing CS versus GA. The primary efficacy end point was powered for equivalence (equivalence margin 10% with significance level 0.05) and consisted of the composite of all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, infection requiring antibiotic treatment, and acute kidney injury at 30 days. RESULTS: The primary composite end point occurred in 27.2% of CS and 26.4% of GA patients (rate difference, 0.8 [90% CI, -6.2 to 7.8]; Pequivalence=0.015). Event rates for the individual components were as follows: all-cause mortality, 3.2% versus 2.3% (rate difference, 1.0 [90% CI, -2.9 to 4.8]; Pequivalence<0.001); stroke, 2.4% versus 2.8% (rate difference, -0.4 [90% CI, -3.8 to 3.8]; Pequivalence<0.001); myocardial infarction, 0.5% versus 0.0% (rate difference, 0.5 [90% CI, -3.0 to 3.9]; Pequivalence<0.001), infection requiring antibiotics 21.1% versus 22.0% (rate difference, -0.9 [90% CI, -7.5 to 5.7]; Pequivalence=0.011); acute kidney injury, 9.0% versus 9.2% (rate difference, -0.2 [90% CI, -5.2 to 4.8]; Pequivalence=0.0005). There was a lower need for inotropes or vasopressors with CS (62.8%) versus GA (97.3%; rate difference, -34.4 [90% CI, -41.0 to -27.8]). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement, use of CS compared with GA resulted in similar outcomes for the primary efficacy end point. These findings suggest that CS can be safely applied for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02737150.


Assuntos
Anestesia Geral , Anestesia Local , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Sedação Consciente , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino
8.
J Virol ; 94(23)2020 11 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32907979

RESUMO

Pandemic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the result of the zoonotic transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytestroglodytes (SIVcpzPtt). The related subspecies Pan troglodytesschweinfurthii is the host of a similar virus, SIVcpzPts, which did not spread to humans. We tested these viruses with small-molecule capsid inhibitors (PF57, PF74, and GS-CA1) that interact with a binding groove in the capsid that is also used by CPSF6. While HIV-1 was sensitive to capsid inhibitors in cell lines, human macrophages, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), SIVcpzPtt was resistant in rhesus FRhL-2 cells and human PBMCs but was sensitive to PF74 in human HOS and HeLa cells. SIVcpzPts was insensitive to PF74 in FRhL-2 cells, HeLa cells, PBMCs, and macrophages but was inhibited by PF74 in HOS cells. A truncated version of CPSF6 (CPSF6-358) inhibited SIVcpzPtt and HIV-1, while in contrast, SIVcpzPts was resistant to CPSF6-358. Homology modeling of HIV-1, SIVcpzPtt, and SIVcpzPts capsids and binding energy estimates suggest that these three viruses bind similarly to the host proteins cyclophilin A (CYPA) and CPSF6 as well as the capsid inhibitor PF74. Cyclosporine treatment, mutation of the CYPA-binding loop in the capsid, or CYPA knockout eliminated the resistance of SIVcpzPts to PF74 in HeLa cells. These experiments revealed that the antiviral capacity of PF74 is controlled by CYPA in a virus- and cell type-specific manner. Our data indicate that SIVcpz viruses can use infection pathways that escape the antiviral activity of PF74. We further suggest that the antiviral activity of PF74 capsid inhibitors depends on cellular cofactors.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 originated from SIVcpzPtt but not from the related virus SIVcpzPts, and thus, it is important to describe molecular infection by SIVcpzPts in human cells to understand the zoonosis of SIVs. Pharmacological HIV-1 capsid inhibitors (e.g., PF74) bind a capsid groove that is also a binding site for the cellular protein CPSF6. SIVcpzPts was resistant to PF74 in HeLa cells but sensitive in HOS cells, thus indicating cell line-specific resistance. Both SIVcpz viruses showed resistance to PF74 in human PBMCs. Modulating the presence of cyclophilin A or its binding to capsid in HeLa cells overcame SIVcpzPts resistance to PF74. These results indicate that early cytoplasmic infection events of SIVcpzPts may differ between cell types and affect, in an unknown manner, the antiviral activity of capsid inhibitors. Thus, capsid inhibitors depend on the activity or interaction of currently uncharacterized cellular factors.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/química , Proteínas do Capsídeo/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas do Capsídeo/metabolismo , Capsídeo/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Poliadenilação e Clivagem de mRNA/química , Fatores de Poliadenilação e Clivagem de mRNA/metabolismo , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Linhagem Celular , Ciclofilina A/genética , Ciclofilina A/metabolismo , Técnicas de Inativação de Genes , Células HEK293 , HIV-1 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Indazóis/farmacologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/virologia , Macrófagos/virologia , Modelos Moleculares , Pan troglodytes/virologia , Fenilalanina/análogos & derivados , Fenilalanina/farmacologia , Conformação Proteica , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Piridinas/farmacologia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/virologia , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/química , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/genética , Zoonoses , Fatores de Poliadenilação e Clivagem de mRNA/genética
9.
Eur Heart J ; 41(20): 1890-1899, 2020 05 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32049283

RESUMO

AIMS: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as established treatment option in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Technical developments in valve design have addressed previous limitations such as suboptimal deployment, conduction disturbances, and paravalvular leakage. However, there are only limited data available for the comparison of newer generation self-expandable valve (SEV) and balloon-expandable valve (BEV). METHODS AND RESULTS: SOLVE-TAVI is a multicentre, open-label, 2 × 2 factorial, randomized trial of 447 patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transfemoral TAVI comparing SEV (Evolut R, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) with BEV (Sapien 3, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA). The primary efficacy composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, stroke, moderate/severe prosthetic valve regurgitation, and permanent pacemaker implantation at 30 days was powered for equivalence (equivalence margin 10% with significance level 0.05). The primary composite endpoint occurred in 28.4% of SEV patients and 26.1% of BEV patients meeting the prespecified criteria of equivalence [rate difference -2.39 (90% confidence interval, CI -9.45 to 4.66); Pequivalence = 0.04]. Event rates for the individual components were as follows: all-cause mortality 3.2% vs. 2.3% [rate difference -0.93 (90% CI -4.78 to 2.92); Pequivalence < 0.001], stroke 0.5% vs. 4.7% [rate difference 4.20 (90% CI 0.12 to 8.27); Pequivalence = 0.003], moderate/severe paravalvular leak 3.4% vs. 1.5% [rate difference -1.89 (90% CI -5.86 to 2.08); Pequivalence = 0.0001], and permanent pacemaker implantation 23.0% vs. 19.2% [rate difference -3.85 (90% CI -10.41 to 2.72) in SEV vs. BEV patients; Pequivalence = 0.06]. CONCLUSION: In patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transfemoral TAVI, newer generation SEV and BEV are equivalent for the primary valve-related efficacy endpoint. These findings support the safe application of these newer generation percutaneous valves in the majority of patients with some specific preferences based on individual valve anatomy.


Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Desenho de Prótese , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Molecules ; 26(9)2021 May 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34068691

RESUMO

Due to widespread multi-drug resistance in parasitic nematodes of livestock animals, there is an urgent need to discover new anthelmintics with distinct mechanisms of action. Extending previous work, here we screened a panel of 245 chemically-diverse small molecules for anti-parasitic activity against Haemonchus contortus-an economically important parasitic nematode of livestock. This panel was screened in vitro against exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3) of H. contortus using an established phenotypic assay, and the potency of select compounds to inhibit larval motility and development assessed in dose-response assays. Of the 245 compounds screened, three-designated MPK18, MPK334 and YAK308-induced non-wildtype larval phenotypes and repeatedly inhibited xL3-motility, with IC50 values of 45.2 µM, 17.1 µM and 52.7 µM, respectively; two also inhibited larval development, with IC50 values of 12.3 µM (MPK334) and 6.5 µM (YAK308), and none of the three was toxic to human liver cells (HepG2). These findings suggest that these compounds deserve further evaluation as nematocidal candidates. Future work should focus on structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of these chemical scaffolds, and assess the in vitro and in vivo efficacies and safety of optimised compounds against adults of H. contortus.


Assuntos
Haemonchus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Animais , Haemonchus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fenótipo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química
11.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 64(12)2020 11 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32928736

RESUMO

Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is difficult because Acanthamoeba cysts are resistant to drugs, and as such, successful treatment requires an effective approach that inhibits cyst formation. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic cell death. In this study, the effects of HDACis such as MPK472 and KSK64 on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts were observed. MPK472 and KSK64 showed at least 60% amoebicidal activity against Acanthamoeba trophozoites at a concentration of 10 µM upon 8 h of treatment. Neither of the two HDACis affected mature cysts, but significant amoebicidal activities (36.4 and 33.9%) were observed against encysting Acanthamoeba following treatment with 5 and 10 µM HDACis for 24 h. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results confirmed that the encystation of Acanthamoeba was inhibited by the two HDACis. In addition to this, low cytopathic effects on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were observed following treatment with MPK472 and KSK64 for 24 h. Our results indicate that the HDACis MPK472 and KSK64 could be used as new candidates for the development of an optimal therapeutic option for AK.


Assuntos
Ceratite por Acanthamoeba , Acanthamoeba castellanii , Amebicidas , Ceratite por Acanthamoeba/tratamento farmacológico , Amebicidas/farmacologia , Animais , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Trofozoítos
12.
Blood ; 132(3): 307-320, 2018 07 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29724897

RESUMO

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) stabilizes many client proteins, including the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein. BCR-ABL1 is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in which treatment-free remission (TFR) is limited, with clinical and economic consequences. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutics that synergize with current treatment approaches. Several inhibitors targeting the N-terminal domain of HSP90 are under investigation, but side effects such as induction of the heat shock response (HSR) and toxicity have so far precluded their US Food and Drug Administration approval. We have developed a novel inhibitor (aminoxyrone [AX]) of HSP90 function by targeting HSP90 dimerization via the C-terminal domain. This was achieved by structure-based molecular design, chemical synthesis, and functional preclinical in vitro and in vivo validation using CML cell lines and patient-derived CML cells. AX is a promising potential candidate that induces apoptosis in the leukemic stem cell fraction (CD34+CD38-) as well as the leukemic bulk (CD34+CD38+) of primary CML and in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant cells. Furthermore, BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein and related pro-oncogenic cellular responses are downregulated, and targeting the HSP90 C terminus by AX does not induce the HSR in vitro and in vivo. We also probed the potential of AX in other therapy-refractory leukemias. Therefore, AX is the first peptidomimetic C-terminal HSP90 inhibitor with the potential to increase TFR in TKI-sensitive and refractory CML patients and also offers a novel therapeutic option for patients with other types of therapy-refractory leukemia because of its low toxicity profile and lack of HSR.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/química , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos dos fármacos , Mesilato de Imatinib/farmacologia , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Multimerização Proteica , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Sítios de Ligação , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/química , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib/química , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Multimerização Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise Espectral , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
13.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 28(1): 115108, 2020 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31787463

RESUMO

Although histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have shown promising antitumor effects in specific types of blood cancer, their effects on solid tumors are limited. Previously, we developed LMK235 (5), a class I and class IIb preferential HDACi with chemosensitizing effects on breast cancer, ovarian cancer and HNSCC. Based on its promising effects on solid tumor cells, we modified the cap group of 5 to improve its anticancer activity. The tri- and dimethoxy-phenyl substituted compounds 13a and 13d turned out to be the most potent HDAC inhibitors of this study. The isoform profiling revealed a dual HDAC2/HDAC6 inhibition profile, which was confirmed by the acetylation of α-tubulin and histone H3 in Cal27 and Cal27CisR. In combination with cisplatin, both compounds enhanced the cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity via caspase-3/7 activation. The effect was more pronounced in the cisplatin resistant subline Cal27CisR. The pretreatment with 13d resulted in a complete resensitisation of Cal27CisR with IC50 values in the range of the parental cell line. Therefore, 13d may serve as an epigenetic tool to analyze and modulate the cisplatin resistance of solid tumors.


Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
14.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(21)2020 Nov 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33167494

RESUMO

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths. Chemoresistance, particularly against platinum compounds, contributes to a poor prognosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and heat shock protein 90 inhibitors (HSP90i) are known to modulate pathways involved in chemoresistance. This study investigated the effects of HDACi (panobinostat, LMK235) and HSP90i (luminespib, HSP990) on the potency of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, CaOV3, OVCAR3 and cisplatin-resistant sub-clones). Preincubation with HDACi increased the cytotoxic potency of HSP90i, whereas preincubation with HSP90i had no effect. Preincubation with HSP90i or HDACi 48h prior to cisplatin enhanced the cisplatin potency significantly in all cell lines via apoptosis induction and affected the expression of apoptosis-relevant genes and proteins. For CaOV3CisR and A2780CisR, a preincubation with HDACi for 48-72 h led to complete reversal of cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, permanent presence of HDACi in sub-cytotoxic concentrations prevented the development of cisplatin resistance in A2780. However, triple combinations of HDACi, HSP90i and cisplatin were not superior to dual combinations. Overall, priming with HDACi sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to treatment with HSP90i or cisplatin and has an influence on the development of cisplatin resistance, both of which may contribute to an improved ovarian cancer treatment.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/fisiologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Humanos , Isoxazóis/farmacologia , Panobinostat/farmacologia , Piridonas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Resorcinóis/farmacologia
15.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(13)2020 Jul 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32635356

RESUMO

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are already approved for the therapy of leukemias. Since they are also emerging candidate compounds for the treatment of non-malignant diseases, HDACi with a wide therapeutic window and low hazard potential are desirable. Here, we investigated a panel of 12 novel hydroxamic acid- and benzamide-type HDACi employing non-malignant V79 hamster cells as toxicology guideline-conform in vitro model. HDACi causing a ≥10-fold preferential cytotoxicity in malignant neuroblastoma over non-malignant V79 cells were selected for further genotoxic hazard analysis, including vorinostat and entinostat for control. All HDACi selected, (i.e., KSK64, TOK77, DDK137 and MPK77) were clastogenic and evoked DNA strand breaks in non-malignant V79 cells as demonstrated by micronucleus and comet assays, histone H2AX foci formation analyses (γH2AX), DNA damage response (DDR) assays as well as employing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair-defective VC8 hamster cells. Genetic instability induced by hydroxamic acid-type HDACi seems to be independent of bulky DNA adduct formation as concluded from the analysis of nucleotide excision repair (NER) deficient mutants. Summarizing, KSK64 revealed the highest genotoxic hazard and DDR stimulating potential, while TOK77 and MPK77 showed the lowest DNA damaging capacity. Therefore, these compounds are suggested as the most promising novel candidate HDACi for subsequent pre-clinical in vivo studies.


Assuntos
Benzamidas/toxicidade , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/toxicidade , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/toxicidade , Testes de Mutagenicidade/métodos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Ensaio Cometa , Cricetinae , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Simples , Histonas/química , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Testes para Micronúcleos , Fosforilação , Vorinostat/toxicidade
16.
J Cell Mol Med ; 23(4): 2801-2812, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30734467

RESUMO

Here, we report that LMK235, a class I and histone deacetylase (HDAC6)-preferential HDAC inhibitor, reduces hypertension via inhibition of vascular contraction and vessel hypertrophy. Angiotensin II-infusion mice and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were used to test the anti-hypertensive effect of LMK235. Daily injection of LMK235 lowered angiotensin II-induced systolic blood pressure (BP). A reduction in systolic BP in SHRs was observed on the second day when SHRs were treated with 3 mg/kg LMK235 every 3 days. However, LMK235 treatment did not affect angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 and angiotensin II receptor mRNA expression in either hypertensive model. LMK235, acting via the nitric oxide pathway, facilitated the relaxing of vascular contractions induced by a thromboxane A2 agonist in the rat aortic and mesenteric artery ring test. In addition, LMK235 increased nitric oxide production in HUVECs and inhibited the increasing of aortic wall thickness in both animal hypertensive models. LMK235 decreased the enhanced cell cycle-related genes cyclin D1 and E2F3 in angiotensin II-infusion mice and restored the decreased p21 expression. In addition, LMK235 suppressed calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) α, which is related to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition or knockdown of HDAC5 blocked the CaMKIIα-induced cell cycle gene expression. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that class I HDACs were involved in the inhibition of CaMKII α-induced HDAC4/5 by LMK235. We suggest that LMK235 should be further investigated for its use in the development of new therapeutic options to treat hypertension via reducing vascular hyperplasia or vasoconstriction.


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Doenças da Aorta/tratamento farmacológico , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/complicações , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Angiotensina II/toxicidade , Animais , Doenças da Aorta/etiologia , Doenças da Aorta/patologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Hipertensão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Músculo Liso Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
17.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 93(5): 971-979, 2019 04 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30467966

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of the introduction of the next generation self-expanding (SE) and balloon-expandable (BE) transcatheter heart valves (THVs) on the incidence of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). BACKGROUND: PPM is a risk factor for accelerated degeneration of bioprosthetic aortic valves. Data on PPM after TAVR are derived mainly from studies of older generation THVs. METHODS: PPM was assessed at 30 days post-TAVR with the older generation (Medtronic CoreValve, n = 120 and Edwards Sapien XT, n = 121) and the next generation THVs (Medtronic Evolut R/Pro, n = 136 and Edwards Sapien 3, n = 363). RESULTS: The incidence of any and severe PPM was 15.1% and 0.0% for the older generation THVs, and 42.8% and 12.1% for the next generation THVs. The incidence of moderate and severe PPM was 23.3% and 3.5% in patients who received an Evolut R/Pro vs. 33.1% and 14.7% in those who received a Sapien 3 (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, TAVR with the Sapien 3 THV was not associated with PPM, while left ventricular ejection fraction (0.97 [0.95-0.99], P = 0.002), history of myocardial infarction (2.09 [1.00-4.34], P = 0.049), annulus maximum diameter (0.84 [0.77-0.92], P < 0.001), and THV oversizing (0.90 [0.87-0.94], P < 0.001) were independently associated with PPM. In Sapien 3, the risk of any and severe PPM was higher in those with no oversizing (odds ratio: 3.25 [1.23-8.53], P = 0.017 and 5.79[2.33-14.36], P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PPM in contemporary TAVR is significant, especially with the next generation BE THV without adequate oversizing.


Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/instrumentação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Valvuloplastia com Balão , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 27(19): 115036, 2019 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31431326

RESUMO

A series of α,ß-unsaturated hydroxamic acid derivatives as novel HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) with structural modifications of the connecting unit and the CAP group was synthesized. The in vitro evaluation against the human cancer cell lines A2780 and Cal27 identified 6e and 7j as the most potent compounds regarding HDAC inhibitory activity and inhibition of proliferation. Isoform profiling against HDAC2, 4, 6 and 8 revealed a preference for HDAC2 and 6 for both compounds in contrast to the pan HDACi panobinostat. 6e and 7j enhanced significantly cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in a combination treatment mediated by increased apoptosis induction and caspase-3/7 activation. The interaction between 6e or 7j and cisplatin was highly synergistic and more pronounced for the cisplatin resistant subline Cal27CisR. IC50 values of cisplatin were even lower in Cal27CisR pretreated with 6e or 7j than for the parental cell line Cal27. Based on our findings, the novel dual class I/HDAC6 inhibitors could serve as an option to overcome cisplatin resistance with fewer side effects in comparison to panobinostat.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/síntese química , Panobinostat/farmacologia , Vorinostat/farmacologia
19.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 27(22): 115087, 2019 11 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31561937

RESUMO

Epigenetic control plays an important role in gene regulation through chemical modifications of DNA and post-translational modifications of histones. An essential post-translational modification is the histone acetylation/deacetylation-process which is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The mammalian zinc dependent HDAC family is subdivided into three classes: class I (HDACs 1-3, 8), class II (IIa: HDACs 4, 5, 7, 9; IIb: HDACs 6, 10) and class IV (HDAC 11). In this review, recent studies on the biological role and regulation of class IIa HDACs as well as their contribution in neurodegenerative diseases, immune disorders and cancer will be presented. Furthermore, the development, synthesis, and future perspectives of selective class IIa inhibitors will be highlighted.


Assuntos
Epigenômica/métodos , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Humanos
20.
Hum Mol Genet ; 25(18): 3887-3907, 2016 09 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27466189

RESUMO

Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase predominantly expressed in the brain. Mutations of the CDKL5 gene lead to CDKL5 disorder, a neurodevelopmental pathology that shares several features with Rett Syndrome and is characterized by severe intellectual disability. The phosphorylation targets of CDKL5 are largely unknown, which hampers the discovery of therapeutic strategies for improving the neurological phenotype due to CDKL5 mutations. Here, we show that the histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is a direct phosphorylation target of CDKL5 and that CDKL5-dependent phosphorylation promotes HDAC4 cytoplasmic retention. Nuclear HDAC4 binds to chromatin as well as to MEF2A transcription factor, leading to histone deacetylation and altered neuronal gene expression. By using a Cdkl5 knockout (Cdkl5 -/Y) mouse model, we found that hypophosphorylated HDAC4 translocates to the nucleus of neural precursor cells, thereby reducing histone 3 acetylation. This effect was reverted by re-expression of CDKL5 or by inhibition of HDAC4 activity through the HDAC4 inhibitor LMK235. In Cdkl5 -/Y mice treated with LMK235, defective survival and maturation of neuronal precursor cells and hippocampus-dependent memory were fully normalized. These results demonstrate a critical role of HDAC4 in the neurodevelopmental alterations due to CDKL5 mutations and suggest the possibility of HDAC4-targeted pharmacological interventions.


Assuntos
Histona Desacetilases/biossíntese , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Síndrome de Rett/genética , Espasmos Infantis/genética , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Síndromes Epilépticas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hipocampo/patologia , Histona Desacetilases/efeitos dos fármacos , Histona Desacetilases/genética , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/tratamento farmacológico , Deficiência Intelectual/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Transcrição MEF2/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Mutação , Células-Tronco Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/patologia , Fosforilação , Síndrome de Rett/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Rett/patologia , Espasmos Infantis/tratamento farmacológico , Espasmos Infantis/patologia
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