[The incidence of obesity and its complications in the Czech Republic]. / Výskyt obezity a jejích komplikací v Ceské republice.

Over the recent years, the incidence of obesity is continuously rising. A research conducted in 2008-2009 on a representative sample of Czech population (n = 2,058) suggests that 23% of adult population of the Czech Republic are obese and 34% are overweight. This represents an increase of 5% in the number of obese people (17% vs. 22%), while the number of overweight remains practically the same (35% vs. 34%). A more significant shift in female waist circumference compared to male has also been shown. The incidence of hypertension in the evaluated sample was more than a two-fold higher in obese participants (48% vs. 21%) and as much as 3-fold higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus (7% vs. 20%). The risk of body weight increase is the highest between 50th and 59th year of age, where hypertension and diabetes are the most frequently diagnosed. The risk of obesity in adulthood is mostly carried over from childhood and more than 3/4 (77%) of those, who were overweight or obese as children, are in these categories as adults. Quality of life and satisfaction with own health is more related to BMI than age. Even though body weigh is increasing with the same amplitude in sportsman and physically active people, they are reaching lower final BMI due to their lower starting body weight. It is clear that physically active lifestyle in younger age is the best predictor of lower BMI in adult life. Consumption of secondary processed meat and lower consumption of fruit and vegetables are important factors in adulthood.

[Relationships between the "eating inventory" factors, socioeconomic status, anthropometric body adiposity indexes and health risks in Czech population]. / Vztahy mezi faktory "dotazniku jidelnich zvyklostí", socioekonomickým stavem, antropometrickými ukazateli akumulace tuku a zdravotnimi riziky u ceské populace.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate psychological traits of eating behaviour assessed using the Eating Inventory (El) known also as the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and their relationship to body adiposity, health and social characteristic in a quota sample of Czech adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: The sample included 1624 women and 1429 men who were interviewed individually by instructed investigators. The sample was quota representative--for gender, age, size of residential location, region and socioeconomic status in Czech adults. Anthropometric data were obtained together with socioeconomic and lifestyle information. Subjects filled out the EI. Health status was evaluated according to the data reported by GPs. Our results show, that women had higher restraint but lower disinhibition and hunger scores than men. Hunger and disinhibition were always strongly associated, whereas restraint was negatively related to the other two factors in men, and to hunger in women. In both men and women an educational level positively correlated with dietary restraint and negatively with hunger. However, significant negative relationship between educational level and disinhibition was revealed only in men. In backward stepwise regression analysis both dietary restraint and disinhibition predicted BMI and waist circumference. BMI and waist circumference were negatively related to restraint, but positively to disinhibition. Restraint and disinhibition were associated with prevalence of comorbidities in men, while disinhibition and hunger were in women. Individuals with high scoring in disinhibition score (upper quartile) exhibited significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and hyperlipidaemia than those who scored low (lower quartile). These relationships were most marked in middle-aged subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological traits of eating behaviour seem to have an important role in the development and clinical expression of body adiposity. Especially disinhibition is significantly associated with BMI and waist circumference and prevalence of several pathologies.

The Eating Inventory, body adiposity and prevalence of diseases in a quota sample of Czech adults.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between the Eating Inventory (EI) factors (restraint, disinhibition and hunger), body adiposity and prevalence of selected diseases in a quota sample of Czech adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample included 1429 men and 1624 women who were interviewed individually by trained investigators. The sample was quota representative--for gender, age, size of residential location, region and socioeconomic status in Czech adults. Anthropometric data, socioeconomic and lifestyle information were obtained. Subjects filled out the EI questionnaire. Physicians reported about subjects' morbidity. RESULTS: Backward stepwise regression analysis revealed that restraint and disinhibition were significant predictors of body mass index (BMI) along with gender, age, parental obesity, weight loss attempts, present dieting and educational level. The same factors plus income predicted the waist circumference. BMI and waist circumference were negatively related to restraint but positively to disinhibition. According to logistic regression analysis restraint and disinhibition were significantly associated with hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and hyperlipidaemia. Diabetes was significantly related to restraint and hunger scores. The observed association between EI factors and diseases remained significant even when BMI and age were taken into account. CONCLUSION: As shown in earlier studies, disinhibition was positively and restraint negatively associated with BMI and waist circumference. For the first time, factors of the EI were also identified as significant predictors of diseases characterizing the metabolic syndrome.