RESUMO
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is associated with a heightened overall risk of future psychopathological problems. However, elucidating specific characteristics that determine an increased risk for certain individuals remains an area requiring further exploration. This study aimed to identify latent subgroups in a sample of college students with NSSI. Additionally, it sought to explore the differential associations of these subgroups with their psychopathological status (e.g., borderline symptoms and suicidal tendencies) both at baseline and after two years. The sample comprised 259 participants (89% females, Mage = 20.39, SD = 1.90) who reported engaging in NSSI in the last year. Three latent groups were found. The group exhibiting severe NSSI-features, high emotion dysregulation, and low perceived social support was the profile with high-risk of psychopathology both at baseline and follow-up. The findings enhance our understanding of the complex association between NSSI and future mental health issues, aiding in the early identification of at-risk individuals.
Assuntos
Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Estudantes , Humanos , Feminino , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Seguimentos , Universidades , Ideação Suicida , Apoio Social , Fatores de Risco , Adolescente , Regulação Emocional , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologiaRESUMO
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as the direct and deliberate destruction of one’s own body tissue in the absence of lethal intent. Following decades of progressive increase in the incidence of NSSI among adolescents and young adults, as well as growing scientific interest, the disorder was listed as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition). In this review we provide updated information on this phenomenon, focusing on: prevalence, course and prognosis; associated factors; its relationship with psychopathology; and the role of the mass media, social networks, and the internet. Finally, we discuss some conclusions and future proposals, emphasizing the need for collaborative work to better understand NSSI in Spain, and to improve prevention and treatment strategies.
Assuntos
Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/diagnóstico , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore and compare the prevalence of categorical and dimensional personality disorders (PDs) and their severity in Spanish adolescents with Eating Disorders (EDs). METHOD: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision-10 modules of the International Personality Disorder Examination were administered to a sample of 100 female adolescents with EDs (mean age=15.8 years, SD=0.9). RESULTS: 'Thirty-three per cent of the sample had at least one PD, in most cases a simple PD. The rate of PDs was 64-76% in bulimia patients, 22-28% in anorexia and 25% in EDs not otherwise specified. The highest dimensional scores were observed in bulimia, [corrected] mainly in borderline and histrionic PDs, and higher scores for anankastic PD in anorexia than in the other ED diagnoses. Overall, purging type EDs had higher cluster B personality pathology scores than restrictive type.' [corrected] The Publisher would like to apologize for this error and any confusion it may have caused. [corrected]. DISCUSSION: Adolescent female patients with ED have a risk of presenting a comorbid PD, especially patients with bulimia and purging type EDs.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/classificação , Transtornos da Personalidade/epidemiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adolescente , Bulimia/diagnóstico , Bulimia/epidemiologia , Bulimia/psicologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Comorbidade , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Entrevista Psicológica , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of the International Personality Disorder Examination Screening Questionnaire (IPDE-SQ) for identifying DSM-IV and ICD-10 Borderline and Impulsive personality disorders (PD) in Spanish adolescents. METHOD: The DSM-IV and ICD-10 IPDE-SQ screeners were used and compared with the diagnoses obtained with the IPDE semistructured interview in a sample of 125 adolescents treated in a psychiatric department. RESULTS: For primary screening, the cutoff point with the best combination of sensitivity and specificity for ICD-10 impulsive and borderline PDs was obtained with three positive items, whereas for DSM-IV borderline the best PD cut-off was five positive items. For secondary screening, the best option would be one item above the cut-off points proposed for primary screening. CONCLUSION: The 3-item cut-off point in the IPDE-SQ produces a high proportion of false positives on impulsive and borderline PDs in clinical adolescents. We propose several cut-off points, depending on whether the study is designed to perform primary or secondary screening.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade/normas , Psicologia do Adolescente , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Curva ROC , Valores de Referência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern among adolescents, especially in clinical settings. Social support plays a critical role in the onset and maintenance of NSSI in adolescence. NSSI is closely associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet no previous work has analyzed the mediating role of borderline traits in the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and NSSI. This study aimed to address this gap. METHODS: Participants were 228 adolescent patients (12 to 18 years old), who completed a clinical interview and self-report measures of BPD-traits, current psychological distress, emotion dysregulation and PSS. They were grouped based on the presence (vs. absence) of NSSI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of NSSI, and a mediation analysis was conducted to examine the intermediary role of borderline traits in the relationship between PSS and NSSI. RESULTS: NSSI was highly prevalent in our sample (58%) and was associated with higher clinical severity. Low PSS predicted NSSI in univariate, but not multivariate regression. Mediation analyses showed that borderline traits fully accounted for the relationship between low PSS and NSSI, even when controlling for current psychological distress and gender. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional design through self-report assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that adolescents with low PSS are especially vulnerable for developing NSSI due to elevated BPD traits. In clinical settings, interventions aimed to reduce borderline symptoms may be a promising treatment option for adolescents with NSSI and low PSS.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Adolescente , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Personalidade , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Apoio SocialRESUMO
The study aimed to compare methods of identification of Personality Disorders (PD) in adolescent patients with psychiatric disorders. A sample of 120 Spanish adolescents with clinical disorders was assessed using the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) interview, its Screening Questionnaires (IPDE-SQ) comprising the ICD-10 and DSM-IV modules, and also the Temperament Character Inventory (TCI) to identify risk of PD. The IPDE-SQ identified a risk of PD around 92-97% of the sample; 61.7% when adjusting the stricter cut-off points. The TCI showed a PD risk of 20%, whereas the prevalence of PD identified by the IPDE clinical interview was around 36-38%. The differences between the IPDE, IPDE-SQ and TCI were significant, and a low agreement among instruments was obtained. Large discrepancy between self-report instruments in identifying PD with regard to the clinical interview raises several questions concerning the use of these instruments in clinical settings on adolescents with psychiatric disorders.
Assuntos
Caráter , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Autoimagem , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Autorrelato , Espanha , TemperamentoRESUMO
La autolesión no suicida (ANS) hace referencia a la destrucción directa y deliberada de la propia superficie corporal sin intención letal. Tras décadas presenciando un incremento progresivo de su incidencia entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, así como un creciente interés científico, la quinta edición del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales ha incluido el trastorno por ANS como un diagnóstico que necesita más estudio. El propósito de esta revisión es proporcionar información actualizada sobre este fenómeno, centrándose en: prevalencia, curso y pronóstico, factores asociados a la ANS, su relación con la psicopatología y el papel de los medios de comunicación, las redes sociales e internet. Finalmente se plantean algunas conclusiones y propuestas de futuro, insistiendo en la necesidad del trabajo colaborativo para un mejor entendimiento del fenómeno de la ANS en España, así como para plantear estrategias de prevención y tratamiento
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as the direct and deliberate destruction of ones own body tissue in the absence of lethal intent. Following decades of progressive increase in the incidence of NSSI among adolescents and young adults, as well as growing scientific interest, the disorder was listed as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition). In this review we provide updated information on this phenomenon, focusing on: prevalence, course and prognosis; associated factors; its relationship with psychopathology; and the role of the mass media, social networks, and the internet. Finally, we discuss some conclusions and future proposals, emphasizing the need for collaborative work to better understand NSSI in Spain, and to improve prevention and treatment strategies