RESUMO
The CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) receptor and its ligand, CXCL12, are overexpressed in various cancers and mediate tumor progression and hypoxia-mediated resistance to cancer therapy. While CXCR4 antagonists have potential anticancer effects when combined with conventional anticancer drugs, their poor potency against CXCL12/CXCR4 downstream signaling pathways and systemic toxicity had precluded clinical application. Herein, BPRCX807, known as a safe, selective, and potent CXCR4 antagonist, has been designed and experimentally realized. In in vitro and in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models it can significantly suppress primary tumor growth, prevent distant metastasis/cell migration, reduce angiogenesis, and normalize the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by reducing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration, reprogramming TAMs toward an immunostimulatory phenotype and promoting cytotoxic T cell infiltration into tumor. Although BPRCX807 treatment alone prolongs overall survival as effectively as both marketed sorafenib and anti-PD-1, it could synergize with either of them in combination therapy to further extend life expectancy and suppress distant metastasis more significantly.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores CXCR4/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/imunologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dietilnitrosamina/administração & dosagem , Dietilnitrosamina/toxicidade , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/imunologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/imunologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/patologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Ratos , Receptores CXCR4/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sorafenibe/farmacologia , Sorafenibe/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Macrófagos Associados a Tumor/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Associados a Tumor/imunologia , Macrófagos Associados a Tumor/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Making use of a Diels-Alder approach based on various α,ß-unsaturated 2-carbomethoxy-4,4-dimethyl-1-tetralones as novel dienophiles, the corresponding polycyclic adducts could be efficiently synthesized in good to high yields (74~99%) in the presence of Lewis acid (e.g., SnCl4). Accordingly, a synthetically useful platform is established to provide a focused aromatic polyketide-like library for screening of potential natural and non-natural antimicrobial agents.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Tetralonas , Estrutura Molecular , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Estereoisomerismo , Biblioteca GênicaRESUMO
CXCR4 antagonists have been claimed to reduce mortality after myocardial infarction in myocardial infarction (MI) animals, presumably due to suppressing inflammatory responses caused by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, thus, subsequently facilitating tissue repair and cardiac function recovery. This study aims to determine whether a newly designed CXCR4 antagonist DBPR807 could exert better vascular-protective effects than other clinical counterparts (e.g., AMD3100) to alleviate cardiac damage further exacerbated by reperfusion. Consequently, we find that instead of traditional continuous treatment or multiple-dose treatment at different intervals of time, a single-dose treatment of DBPR807 before reperfusion in MI animals could attenuate inflammation via protecting oxidative stress damage and preserve vascular/capillary density and integrity via mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells, leading to a desirable fibrosis reduction and recovery of cardiac function, as evaluated with the LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) in infarcted hearts in rats and mini-pigs, respectively. Thus, it is highly suggested that CXCR4 antagonists should be given at a single high dose prior to reperfusion to provide the maximal cardiac functional improvement. Based on its favorable efficacy and safety profiles indicated in tested animals, DBPR807 has a great potential to serve as an adjunctive medicine for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapies in acute MI patients.
Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Receptores CXCR4 , Animais , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/etiologia , Ratos , Receptores CXCR4/antagonistas & inibidores , Volume Sistólico , Suínos , Porco Miniatura , Função Ventricular EsquerdaRESUMO
The [18F] isotope-labelled CB1 inverse agonist 3 was elaborated and synthesized for positron emission tomography scanning studies. After immediate purification and calibration with its unlabeled counterpart, compound 3 was intravenously injected in mice and revealed that its distribution percentage in brain over 90-min scans among five region of interests, including brain, liver, heart, thigh muscle and kidney was lower than 1%, thus providing direct evidence to justify itself as a peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist.
Assuntos
Agonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides/farmacologia , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/agonistas , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Animais , Agonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides/síntese química , Agonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides/química , Agonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides/farmacocinética , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Marcação por Isótopo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/farmacocinética , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/farmacocinética , Tiofenos/química , Tiofenos/farmacocinética , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Making use of temperature-controlled thiation as a key operation, a simple route to 2-aminothiophenes or thieno[2,3- c]isothiazoles has been newly developed wherein the 2-aminothiophene nucleus was formed through an initial formation of thioamide followed by a 5-exo-dig addition to the tethered alkyne; however, under harsher thermal conditions, excess sulfur-transferring reagents enabled further oxidative thiation to generate the corresponding thieno[2,3- c]isothiazoles.
RESUMO
A cinchona-alkaloid-derived chiral primary-amine-catalyzed enantioselective method for the synthesis of the thermodynamically less stable indanedione-fused 2,6-trans-disubstituted spirocyclohexanones is demonstrated. Both the enantiomeric forms of the trans isomer are obtained in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Furthermore, one of the enantiopure trans-spiranes bearing an additional α-substitution on the cyclohexanone ring was then epimerized into its thermodynamically stable cis counterpart, with little loss of enantioselectivity to demonstrate the feasibility of such a transformation. Mechanistic investigations revealed two competing pathways, a concerted Diels-Alder reaction and a stepwise Michael addition, for the formation of corresponding products.
RESUMO
A Bu3P-mediated cyclization reaction of 3-cinnamoyl-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones though electrophilic addition of acyl chlorides towards the synthesis of highly functionalized furo[3,2-c]coumarins bearing a phosphorus ylide moiety is described. These unprecedented cyclization reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions within short reaction times (1â min to 1â h), and can be further applied in the synthesis of alkenyl-substituted furo[3,2-c]coumarins by the treatment with carbonyl electrophiles under basic conditions.
Assuntos
Cloretos/química , Cromonas/química , Furocumarinas/síntese química , Acilação , Catálise , Cloretos/síntese química , Cromonas/síntese química , Ciclização , Furocumarinas/químicaRESUMO
An efficient and attractive synthesis of a series of novel poly-functionalized phosphorus zwitterions was achieved via three-component reactions of the corresponding functional nucleophiles, aldehydes, and Bu(3)P in the presence of acidic promoter. These polysubstituted zwitterions could regioselectively undergo further transformations to synthetically important furanonaphthoquinones and related products via the intramolecular Wittig reaction. These methods could have potential application in synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry for its facilitation and easily accessible commercial materials.
Assuntos
Furanos/síntese química , Naftoquinonas/síntese química , Furanos/química , Íons/química , Naftoquinonas/química , Fósforo/química , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
An efficient synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans was achieved from the corresponding α,ß-unsaturated ketone derivatives, acid chlorides, and Bu3P in the presence of Et3N via a chemoselective intramolecular Wittig reaction as the key step. The presence of an additional electron-withdrawing group in the α-position of Michael acceptors controlled the chemoselectivities of presumable phosphorus ylides in the intramolecular Wittig reactions, and their mechanisms were also investigated by DFT calculations.
Assuntos
Furanos/síntese química , Teoria Quântica , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Organocatalysts bearing sulfide or sulfone functions (1a-d) were studied for the direct asymmetric Michael addition of ketones and alkylidene malonates. The organocatalyst (S)-2-((naphthalen-2-ylthio)methyl)pyrrolidine, bearing a pyrrolidine and a sulfide moiety, showed a very high catalytic activity in the absence of additives. The reaction condition is mild, and the Michael adducts were obtained in very good enantioselectivities (up to 96%), diastereoselectivities (up to 95:5), and chemical yields (up to 95%).
Assuntos
Cetonas/química , Malonatos/química , Pirrolidinas/química , Sulfetos/química , Catálise , Estereoisomerismo , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
A new highly efficient three-component reaction of alkyl acrylate, aldehyde and dialkyl malonate using ethyl diphenylphosphine as organocatalyst has been described. Various highly functional compounds bearing hydroxyl groups and the ester functions can be easily prepared in moderate to good yields according to our one-step procedure. The reactions are believed to proceed via Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions of alkyl acrylate and aldehydes, followed by the Michael addition reactions of dialkyl malonates. Our reactions indicated that the intermediate species formed in the phosphine-catalyzed MBH reaction are an effective organic base to catalyze the Michael addition reactions of dialkyl malonates to the preformed MBH adducts.
Assuntos
Acrilatos/química , Aldeídos/química , Malonatos/química , Fosfinas/química , Catálise , Estrutura Molecular , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a common adverse effect of cancer treatment. No medication has been shown to be effective in the prevention or treatment of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Using minoxidil as an initial template for structural modifications in conjunction with an in vitro neurite outgrowth assay, an image-based high-content screening platform, and mouse behavior models, an effective neuroprotective agent CN016 was discovered. Our results showed that CN016 could inhibit paclitaxel-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of immune cells into sensory neurons significantly. Thus, the suppression of proinflammatory factors elucidates, in part, the mechanism of action of CN016 on alleviating paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Based on excellent efficacy in improving behavioral functions, high safety profiles (MTD > 500 mg/kg), and a large therapeutic window (MTD/MED > 50) in mice, CN016 might have great potential to become a peripherally neuroprotective agent to prevent neurotoxicity caused by chemotherapeutics as typified by paclitaxel.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos , Antineoplásicos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Gânglios Espinais , Camundongos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Paclitaxel/toxicidade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/prevenção & controleRESUMO
An EtPPh(2)- or PPh(3)-catalyzed tandem three-component reaction of aldehyde, alkyl vinyl ketone, and amide is developed. Its further application in one-pot syntheses of highly functional alkenes starting from aldehydes, alkyl vinyl ketones, and amides is realized. A wide variety of highly functional α,ß-unsaturated ketones can be furnished in 68-99% yields with high stereoselectivity (E/Z up to 98 : 2) within overall 3-29.5 h.
RESUMO
We report a phosphine-mediated direct ß-acylation of α,ß-unsaturated 1,3-diketones with acyl chlorides and a base. Functionalized furanones were also prepared by the reaction of cinnamic acid and acyl chloride according to our protocol via ß-acylation. Our studies revealed that α,ß-unsaturated 1,3-diketones with an electron-donating group at the second position favor the formation of ß-acylated products, whereas those with oxygen, such as anhydrides, favor furanones via an unprecedented C-acylation/cyclization sequence.
RESUMO
The function of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis accounts for many disease indications, including tissue/nerve regeneration, cancer metastasis, and inflammation. Blocking CXCR4 signaling with its antagonists may lead to moving out CXCR4+ cell types from bone marrow to peripheral circulation. We have discovered a novel series of pyrimidine-based CXCR4 antagonists, a representative (i.e., 16) of which was tolerated at a higher dose and showed better HSC-mobilizing ability at the maximal response dose relative to the approved drug 1 (AMD3100), and thus considered a potential drug candidate for PBSCT indication. Docking compound 16 into the X-ray crystal structure of CXCR4 receptor revealed that it adopted a spider-like conformation striding over both major and minor subpockets. This putative binding mode provides a new insight into CXCR4 receptor-ligand interactions for further structural modifications.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue Periférico , Receptores CXCR4/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Animais , Benzilaminas , Ciclamos , Células HEK293 , Compostos Heterocíclicos/metabolismo , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Masculino , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Conformação Proteica , Receptores CXCR4/químicaRESUMO
An unprecedented organocatalytic enantioselective vinylogous Michael addition/Henry cyclization cascade is presented for the synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydrofluoren-9-ones 3 employing novel 1,3-indandione-derived pronucleophiles 1a-g and nitroalkenes 2. Following a very simple protocol, a wide range of products were obtained in good to excellent yields and with excellent enantioinduction (43-98% yield, up to 98% ee). The reaction proceeded with excellent diastereocontrol despite the simultaneous generation of four stereogenic centers. Surprisingly, when 2-(1-phenylethylidene)-1H-indandione (1h) was used as a pronucleophile, no cyclization was observed, and only Michael addition adducts 4a-x were furnished in very good yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
RESUMO
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of highly functionalized furans via intramolecular Wittig reaction has been developed using catalytic amounts of phosphine and triethylamine. Silyl chloride served as the initial promoter to activate the phosphine oxide. Reduction of the activated phosphine oxide by hydrosilane resulted in generation of phosphine, while decomposition of Et3N·HCl resulted in regeneration of base, which mediated formation of phosphorus ylide. Remarkably, the in situ generated byproduct, Et3N·HCl, also catalyzes reduction of phosphine oxide.
RESUMO
We have developed an organophosphane-catalyzed direct ß-acylation of a series of conjugated systems bearing ketone, amide and ester functionalities using acyl chlorides as trapping reagents. A wide variety of highly functional ketone derivatives were generated efficiently under very mild conditions with high yields according to our protocol. Our adducts can even be utilized as important building blocks for the synthesis of functional tri/tetracyclic pyridazine derivatives.
RESUMO
Preparation of new types of trisubstituted oxazoles is realized via chemoselective O-acylations and intramolecular Wittig reactions with ester functionalities using in situ formed phosphorus ylides as key intermediates. A plausible reaction mechanism for this undiscovered chemistry is also proposed based on the existence of expected and rearranged isomeric oxazoles.
Assuntos
Oxazóis/síntese química , Acilação , Estrutura Molecular , Oxazóis/químicaRESUMO
A general preparation of new types of highly functional phosphorus zwitterions is realized via tandem three-component reactions using the corresponding functional alkanes, aldehydes, and Bu(3)P. Starting from our novel zwitterions as synthetic reagents with commercially available acid chlorides in a one-step procedure provides an attractive approach toward furo[3,2-c]coumarins.