Effects of Aloe-Emodin on the Expression of Brain Aquaporins and Secretion of Neurotrophic Factors in a Rat Model of Post-Stroke Depression.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common complication of stroke that can damage patients' brains. More and more studies have been conducted on PSD in recent years, but the exact mechanism is still not understood. Currently, animal models provide an alternative approach to better understand the pathophysiology of PSD and may also pave the way for the discovery of new treatments for depression. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of aloe-emodin (AE) on PSD rats. Previous studies have shown that AE positively affects PSD in rats by improving depression, increasing their activities and curiosities, enhancing the number of neurons, and ameliorating damage to brain tissue. Meanwhile, AE could up-regulate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophic 3 (NTF3), but it could also down-regulate the expression of aquaporins (AQP3, AQP4, and AQP5), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), which is helpful in maintaining homeostasis and alleviating encephaledema. AE may be a prospective solution in the future for the treatment of PSD patients.

12-Epi-Napelline regulated TGF-ß/BMP signaling pathway mediated by BMSCs paracrine acceleration against osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: This study is to investigate the role of 12-Epi-Napelline, a new alkaloid isolated from aconitum, in promoting the paracrine of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) and the synergistic therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis. METHOD: We tested the cytotoxicity and optimization of 12-Epi-Napelline, and then simulated the osteoarthritis model in vitro damaging the chondrocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and RT-qPCR, Western blot and Immunofluorescence were used to detect the inflammatory factor IL-1ß, COX-2, TNF-α, MMP-13 and anabolic cytokines of Col-2, BMP-2, TGF-ß1 and Sox9 expression in chondrocytes after 12-Epi-Napelline treatment. Under the treatment of different time, Col-2, BMP-2, TGF-ß1 and Sox9 expression in BMSCs were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and Immunofluorescence. By establishing an osteoarthritis model in vivo, the anti-osteoarthritis effect of 12-Epi-Napelline or BMSCs was evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed the expressions of IL-1ß, COX-2, TNF-α, and MMP-13 were down-regulated in chondrocytes after 12-Epi-Napelline treatment, while the expression of Col-2, BMP-2, TGF-ß1 and Sox9 were increased to normal chondrocytes. These increased expression also occurred in BMSCs. BMSCs had the trend of transforming into chondrocytes by regulating TGF-ß signaling pathway under the treatment of 12-Epi-Napelline. CONCLUSION: This study could confirm that 12-Epi-Napelline is not only effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis, but also can induce BMSCs to secrete growth factors that promote chondrocyte repair to help repair the damage caused by osteoarthritis.