Human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia since 11,000 years ago.

Past human genetic diversity and migration between southern China and Southeast Asia have not been well characterized, in part due to poor preservation of ancient DNA in hot and humid regions. We sequenced 31 ancient genomes from southern China (Guangxi and Fujian), including two ∼12,000- to 10,000-year-old individuals representing the oldest humans sequenced from southern China. We discovered a deeply diverged East Asian ancestry in the Guangxi region that persisted until at least 6,000 years ago. We found that ∼9,000- to 6,000-year-old Guangxi populations were a mixture of local ancestry, southern ancestry previously sampled in Fujian, and deep Asian ancestry related to Southeast Asian Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers, showing broad admixture in the region predating the appearance of farming. Historical Guangxi populations dating to ∼1,500 to 500 years ago are closely related to Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien speakers. Our results show heavy interactions among three distinct ancestries at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia.

Long-term trends in human body size track regional variation in subsistence transitions and growth acceleration linked to dairying.

Evidence for a reduction in stature between Mesolithic foragers and Neolithic farmers has been interpreted as reflective of declines in health, however, our current understanding of this trend fails to account for the complexity of cultural and dietary transitions or the possible causes of phenotypic change. The agricultural transition was extended in primary centers of domestication and abrupt in regions characterized by demic diffusion. In regions such as Northern Europe where foreign domesticates were difficult to establish, there is strong evidence for natural selection for lactase persistence in relation to dairying. We employ broad-scale analyses of diachronic variation in stature and body mass in the Levant, Europe, the Nile Valley, South Asia, and China, to test three hypotheses about the timing of subsistence shifts and human body size, that: 1) the adoption of agriculture led to a decrease in stature, 2) there were different trajectories in regions of in situ domestication or cultural diffusion of agriculture; and 3) increases in stature and body mass are observed in regions with evidence for selection for lactase persistence. Our results demonstrate that 1) decreases in stature preceded the origins of agriculture in some regions; 2) the Levant and China, regions of in situ domestication of species and an extended period of mixed foraging and agricultural subsistence, had stable stature and body mass over time; and 3) stature and body mass increases in Central and Northern Europe coincide with the timing of selective sweeps for lactase persistence, providing support for the "Lactase Growth Hypothesis."

Multiplex assays reveal anti-EBV antibody profile and its implication in detection and diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is detected in nearly 100% of nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV-based biomarkers are used for NPC screening in endemic regions. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and viral capsid antigen (VCA), and recently identified anti-BNLF2b antibodies have been shown to be the most effective screening tool; however, the screening efficacy still needs to be improved. This study developed a multiplex serological assay by testing IgA and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against representative EBV antigens that are highly transcribed in NPC and/or function crucially in viral reactivation, including BALFs, BNLF2a/b, LF1, LF2, and Zta (BZLF1). Among them, BNLF2b-IgG had the best performance distinguishing NPC patients from controls (area under the curve: 0.951, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.913-0.990). Antibodies to lytic antigens BALF2 and VCA were significantly higher in advanced-stage than in early-stage tumors; in contrast, antibodies to latent protein EBNA1 and early lytic antigen BNLF2b were not correlated with tumor progression. Accordingly, a novel strategy combining EBNA1-IgA and BNLF2b-IgG was proposed and validated improving the integrated discrimination by 15.8% (95% CI: 9.8%-21.7%, p < .0001) compared with the two-antibody method. Furthermore, we found EBV antibody profile in patients was more complicated compared with that in healthy carriers, in which stronger correlations between antibodies against different phases of antigens were observed. Overall, our serological assay indicated that aberrant latent infection of EBV in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells was probably a key step in NPC initiation, while more lytic protein expression might be involved in NPC progression.

Rapid and Green Electric-Explosion Preparation of Spherical Indium Nanocrystals with Abundant Metal Defects for Highly-Selective CO2 Electroreduction.

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into high-value-added chemicals has been considered a promising route to achieve carbon neutrality and mitigate the global greenhouse effect. However, the lack of highly efficient electrocatalysts has limited its practical application. Herein, we propose an ultrafast and green electric explosion method to batch-scale prepare spherical indium (In) nanocrystals (NCs) with abundant metal defects toward high selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) to HCOOH. During the electric explosion synthesis process, the Ar atmosphere plays a significant role in forming the spherical In NCs with abundant metal defects instead of highly crystalline In2O3 NCs formed under an air atmosphere. Analysis results reveal that the In NCs possess ultrafast catalytic kinetics and reduced onset potential, which is ascribed to the formation of rich metal defects serving as effective catalytic sites for converting CO2 into HCOOH. This work provides a feasible strategy to massively produce efficient In-based electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO2-to-formate conversion.

Integrated microRNA-mRNA analysis reveals a possible molecular mechanism of enteritis susceptibility in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Enteritis is one of the main diseases affecting Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in recent years, and it has resulted in huge losses to the aquaculture industry. Prior to this study, the molecular mechanism underlying enteritis in L. vannamei was unclear, and comprehensive multi-omics analysis had not been conducted. In this study, 1209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei with and without enteritis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that genes were significantly enriched in immune, metabolic, and endocrine regulatory pathways. Forty-eight significantly different microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified in the miRNA-Seq analysis. Further functional annotation analysis showed that the regulatory pathway of target gene enrichment of differentially expressed miRNAs was consistent with DEGs. Through miRNA-mRNA integration analysis, 47 meaningful miRNA-mRNA pairs were obtained, of which melanogenesis and pancreatic secretion were considered key pathways. Subsequent miRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis revealed that mja-miR-6493-3p, Mja-miR-6494, novel-198, novel-272, novel-261, novel-200, novel-183, novel-184, novel-237, and novel-192 may be key miRNAs involved in the regulation of these two signaling pathways. Finally, the RAS signaling pathway was found to inhibit the translation level of proteins in the hepatopancreas. These results suggest that target gene integration analysis of mRNA-miRNA can reveal the molecular mechanism underlying enteritis in L. vannamei and also provide valuable new insights for resisting enteritis.

Responses of bacterial and three sub-microeukaryote communities in the water of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei aquaculture ponds in two polyculture models.

Polyculture operations in freshwater aquaculture ponds can disrupt microbial communities. High-throughput sequencing was used to assess the impact of polyculture operations on bacterial and three sub-microeukaryote communities (fungi, zooplankton, and eukaryotic phytoplankton) in Penaeus vannamei aquaculture ponds containing oriental river prawns and giant freshwater prawns, respectively. The results showed that the bacterial community was less sensitive than the microeukaryote communities to both the polyculture activity and environmental variations. The polyculture of giant freshwater prawns rather than oriental river prawns was the primary factor affecting the beta diversity of the three sub-microeukaryote communities. This may be due to the larger biomass of the polyculture varieties of giant freshwater prawns compared with oriental river prawns. The polyculture activity of giant freshwater prawns with a higher density and that of oriental river prawns with a lower density increased the stochasticity of the community assembly of the three sub-microeukaryote communities. It also affected the topological properties of the microbial communities, including greater correlations between ecosystem elements, and reducing the correlations among zooplanktons. The eukaryotic phytoplankton was the only microbial community that could also be explained by nutrient variation (mainly the total nitrogen). This highlights the potential role of the eukaryotic phytoplankton as a suitable indicator of the effects of nutrient input into ecosystems.

Global burden of ischemic heart disease associated with high red and processed meat consumption: an analysis of 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019.

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have indicated an association between red and processed meat consumption and the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). In this study, we aimed to assess the burden of IHD caused by a diet high in red and processed meat in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019. METHODS: We extracted data from the GBD 2019, which included the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) attributed to IHD caused by a diet high in red and processed meat. We then calculated the burden of IHD attributable to a high intake of red and processed meat in each country and territory, stratified by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). RESULTS: Globally, a high intake of red meat was responsible for 351,200 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 559,000-642,700) deaths from IHD in 2019, while a high intake of processed meat was associated with 171,700 (95% UI: 30,100-320,000) deaths from IHD. Between 1990 and 2019, while the corresponding age-standardized rates declined, the numbers of deaths and DALYs increased. China had the highest number of deaths [98,386.9 (95% UI: 14,999.3-189,812.7)] caused by a high intake of red meat, while United States of America [33,129.6 (95% UI: 7,150-59,593.8)] was associated with the highest number of deaths caused by high intake of processed meat for IHD in 2019. Males experienced a greater burden of IHD caused by a high intake of red and processed meat than females. The ASMR and ASDR of IHD attributed to a high intake of red meat decreased in countries with high SDI, high-middle SDI and low SDI, while the ASMR and ASDR of IHD attributed to a high intake of processed meat decreased only in countries with high SDI and high-middle SDI. CONCLUSION: Although there is a decline in the ASMR and ASDR of IHD caused by a high intake of red and processed meat, there is also an increase in deaths and DALYs number globally. Additionally, there is a heterogeneous burden of IHD related to a high intake of red and processed meat across regions and countries, with males experiencing a greater burden than females. Implementing targeted policies and interventions is required to reduce the burden of IHD caused by a high intake of red and processed meat.

Yttrium- and Cerium-Codoped Ultrathin Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheet Arrays for High-Efficiency Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting.

The construction of low-cost, highly efficient, and stable electrocatalysts is a significant challenge for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report a facile strategy to fabricate ultrathin metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheet arrays doped with two rare-earth elements, Y and Ce, and self-supported on nickel foam (NF) to enhance the HER and OER performance by constructing abundant active sites and bimetallic synergistic effects. The NiYCe-MOF/NF features an ultrathin nanosheet array structure and is uniformly and richly codoped by Y and Ce. When it was explored as both the anode and cathode electrocatalysts for overall water splitting, it achieved 10 mA cm-2 at 136 and 245 mV for the HER and OER in an alkaline electrolyte, respectively. Notably, an extremely low cell voltage of 1.54 V was required to achieve 100 mA cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH solution, making it a promising substitute for noble-metal catalysts.

Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Medical Diagnosis Applications: A Review.

Plasmonic metasurfaces have been widely used in biosensing to improve the interaction between light and biomolecules through the effects of near-field confinement. When paired with biofunctionalization, plasmonic metasurface sensing is considered as a viable strategy for improving biomarker detection technologies. In this review, we enumerate the fundamental mechanism of plasmonic metasurfaces sensing and present their detection in human tumors and COVID-19. The advantages of rapid sampling, streamlined processes, high sensitivity, and easy accessibility are highlighted compared with traditional detection techniques. This review is looking forward to assisting scientists in advancing research and developing a new generation of multifunctional biosensors.

Enhancing terahertz molecular fingerprint detection by a dielectric metagrating.

Terahertz (THz) sensing of molecular fingerprint enables wide applications in biomedicine and security detection. Conventional detection approaches face big barriers in trace analysis of analyte due to the difficulties of enhancing the broadband molecular absorption. In order to achieve strong broadband wave-matter interaction for the analyte, we propose a method based on THz wave angular scanning on a dielectric metagrating. In virtue of the guided-mode resonance, one can strengthen the local electric field in various trace-amount analytes by tuning the polarization and incident angle, which leads to significant enhancement on the broadband signal of molecular fingerprint. The study paves the way for more applications of THz trace-amount detection.

Molecular and functional analysis of the insulin-like peptides gene in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense.

The insulin-like peptide (ILP) family is a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins that control body size and organ growth in metazoans. In the current study we describe, for the first time, the Mn-ILP gene in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Full-length of the Mn-ILP cDNA was 1630 bp, encoding 174 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of Mn-ILP had the typical features of ILP proteins, including two cleavage sites and six conserved cysteines. To define the function of Mn-ILP, the expression ofthe Mn-ILP gene in different growth stages of prawns of both sexes, in male prawns of different sizes, and in prawns at different stages of the molt cycle was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Mn-ILP expression was significantly higher 1) in the rapid growth stage than in the other stages of male prawns; 2) in the normal growth stage than in the gonad development stage of female prawns; 3) in big male prawns than in small male prawns; and 4) in the intermolt stage than in the other stages of the molt cycle in prawns of the same size. Further, silencing Mn-ILP expression by RNAi effectively slowed down the growth speed of M. nipponense. Thus, Mn-ILP appears to have an important role in the growth and development process of M. nipponense.

Enhancement of radiation tolerance in GaAs/AlGaAs core-shell and InP nanowires.

Radiation effects on semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have attracted the attention of the research community due to their potential applications in space and atomic fields. The effective implementation of NW devices in a radiation environment is a matter of concern. Here, the photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) measurements were performed on both GaAs and InP NWs at room temperature before and after 1 MeV H+ irradiation with fluences ranging from 1 × 1011 to 5 × 1013 p cm-2. It is found that the degradation of lifetime is size-dependent, and typically the minority carrier lifetime damage coefficient is closely correlated with the material and NW diameter. Compared to GaAs and InP bulk material counterparts, the lifetime damage coefficient of NWs decreases by a factor of about one order of magnitude. After irradiation, GaAs NWs with a smaller diameter show a much lower lifetime damage coefficient while InP NWs show an increase in carrier radiative lifetime. The increased size-dependent radiation hardness is mainly attributed to the defect sink effect and/or the improvement of a room temperature dynamic annealing mechanism of the NWs. The InP NWs also showed higher radiation tolerance than GaAs NWs.

Archaeal community compositions in tilapia pond systems and their influencing factors.

Archaea, like the bacterial communities are gradually being realized as key players in the biogeochemical progress of water ecosystems. In this study, tilapia aquaculture ponds were used for an in-depth understanding of archaeal community compositions in water and surface sediment. Some of the main functions, as well as the communities' response patterns, to time variations, pond differences and some physio-chemical parameters were investigated. The results revealed the dominant phylum in both the water and surface sediment, as Euryarchaeota, while, the most abundant classes were: Halobacteria and Methanomicrobia respectively. Significant differences in the archaeal community compositions in the water and surface sediment, were observed in the early stages of cultivation, which became minimal at the later stage of the GIFT tilapia cultivation. Additionally to the differences in the most abundant classes, more OTUs were observed in water samples than in surface sediment samples. The methane generation could be attributed to the large proportion of methanogens found in both pond water and in the surface sediment. Furthermore, the archaeal community compositions in water and the surface sediment were shaped mainly by temporal variations and pond differences respectively. In the pond water, the archaeal community compositions were highly co-related to the concentration changes of ammonia, sulfate and total nitrogen; while in the surface sediment, the correlation to the content changes was significant in total phosphorus. The archaeal community compositions in surface sediment should be considered as an indicator for future environmental capacity studies in aquaculture.

Radiation effects on GaAs/AlGaAs core/shell ensemble nanowires and nanowire infrared photodetectors.

With the recent advances in nanowire (NW) growth and fabrication, there has been rapid development and application of GaAs NWs in optoelectronics. It is also of importance to study the radiation tolerance of optoelectronic nano-devices for atomic energy and space-based applications. Here, photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were carried out on GaAs/AlGaAs core/shell NWs at room temperature before and after 1 MeV proton irradiation with fluences ranging from 1.0 × 1012-3.0 × 1013 cm-2. It is found that the GaAs/AlGaAs core/shell NWs with smaller diameter show much less PL degradation compared with the ones with larger diameters. The increased radiation hardness is mainly attributed to the improvement of a room temperature dynamic-annealing mechanism near the surface of the NWs. We also found that the minority carrier lifetime is closely related to both the PL intensity and defect density induced by irradiation. Finally, GaAs/AlGaAs ensemble NW photodetectors operating in the near-infrared spectral regime have been demonstrated. The influence of proton irradiation on light and dark current characteristics also indicates that NW structures are a good potential candidate for radiation harsh-environment applications.

Molecular and functional characterization of the vitellogenin receptor in oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense.

A complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes the vitellogenin receptor (VgR) in the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, was cloned using expressed sequence tag analysis and a rapid amplification of cDNA ends approach. The coding region consists of 5920 base pairs (bp) that encode a 1902 amino acid protein, with a predicted molecular mass of 209 kDa. The coding region is flanked by a 45 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and a 166 bp 3'-UTR. The deduced amino acid sequence of the M. nipponense VgR cDNA had typically conserved domains, such as an extracellular, lipoprotein-binding domain, epidermal growth factor-like and O-glycosylation domains, a transmembrane domain and a short C-terminal, cytosolic tail. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) indicated that Mn-VgR is highly expressed in the female ovary. Expression analysis by qPCR demonstrated the larval and ovarian developmental stage-specific expression pattern. As the ovaries developed, the expression level of Mn-VgR gradually increased during the reproductive cycle (stage I), to reach a peak in stage III. Levels then dropped as a new development cycle was entered after reproduction molting. Eyestalk ablation led to a significant increase in the expression of Mn-VgR during the ovarian development stages (P<0.05), when compared with the eyestalk-intact group. The investigation revealed that eyestalk ablation initially affected Mn-VgR expression and then influenced vitellogenesis. In adult females, VgR RNA interference (RNAi) dramatically delayed the maturation of the ovary, in accordance with the gonad somatic index. In addition, Mn-VgR RNAi led to vitellin depletion in the oocytes and the accumulation of vitellin in the hepatopancreas.

Molecular characterization of insulin-like androgenic gland hormone-binding protein gene from the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense and investigation of its transcriptional relationship with the insulin-like androgenic gland hormone gene.

Insulin-like androgenic gland hormone-binding protein (IAGBP) has been investigated in crustaceans in vitro. However, the relationship between IAGBP and its putative binding protein partner insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG) has not been studied at the transcriptional level in vivo. In the current study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of IAGBP from the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (Mn-IAGBP) and investigated the transcriptional patterns of Mn-IAGBP and the M. nipponense IAG gene (Mn-IAG) at different developmental stages and in different tissues. Mn-IAGBP mRNA was detected in all examined tissues from adult male prawns, with the highest transcriptional levels in the testis. Mn-IAG mRNA was detected in the androgenic gland and hepatopancreas. The genomic sequences of Mn-IAGBP and Mn-IAG were isolated by genome walking and two gene copies were found in both Mn-IAGBP and Mn-IAG. The relationship between Mn-IAGBP and Mn-IAG at the transcriptional level was studied by RNA interference. Injection of Mn-IAGBP double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) significantly reduced the transcription of Mn-IAG, while injection of Mn-IAG dsRNA significantly reduced the transcription of Mn-IAGBP in testis, muscle, androgenic gland, and hepatopancreas. These results demonstrate the involvement of the IAGBP gene in IAG signaling in M. nipponense.

Luminescence and photosensitivity of gadolinium labeled hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether.

Photodynamic therapy for deep-lying lesions needs an appropriate imaging modality, precise evaluation of tissue oxygen and an effective photosensitizer. Gadolinium based metalloporphyrins Gd(III)-HMME is proposed in this study as a potential multifunctional theranostic agent, as photosensitizer, ratiometric oxygen sensor and MRI contrast agent. The time resolved spectroscopy revealed the luminescence peak of Gd(III)-HMME at 710 and 779 nm with a lifetime of 64 µs in oxygen-free methanol to be phosphorescent. This phosphorescence is strongly dependent on dissolved oxygen concentration. Its intensity in oxygen saturated methanol solution is 21% of that in deoxygenated solution. The singlet oxygen quantum yields ΦΔ of HMME and Gd(III)-HMME in air saturated methanol solution were determined to be 0.79 and 0.40 respectively using comparative spectra method. These phenomena indicate that the oxygen sensibility and production of singlet oxygen of Gd(III)-HMME can fulfill the requirement of PDT treatment.

The physiological response of oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense to starvation-induced stress.

Environmental stresses play critical roles in the physiology of crustaceans. Food deprivation is an important environmental factor and a regular occurrence in both natural aquatic habitats and artificial ponds. However, the underlying physiological response mechanisms to starvation-caused stress in crustaceans are yet to be established. In the present study, the hepatopancreas tissue of Macrobrachium nipponense was transcriptome analyzed and examined for starvation effects on oxidative stress, DNA damage, autophagy, and apoptosis across four fasting stages (0 (control group), 7, 14, and 21 days). These results indicated that a ROS-mediated regulatory mechanism is critical to the entire fasting process. At the initial stage of starvation (fasting 0 d ~ 7 d), ROS concentration increased gradually, activating antioxidant enzymes to protect the cellular machinery from the detrimental effects of oxidative stress triggered by starvation-induced stress. ROS content production (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion) then rose continuously with prolonged starvation (fasting 7 d ~ 14 d), reaching peak levels and resulting in autophagy in hepatopancreas cells. During the final stages of starvation (fasting 14 d ~ 21 d), excessive ROS induced DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, autophagolysosomes and apoptosis body were further identified with transmission electron microscopy. These findings lay a foundation for further scrutiny of the molecular mechanisms combating starvation-generated stress in M. nipponense and provide fishermen with the theoretical guidance for adopting fasting strategies in M. nipponense aquaculture.

Origin and dispersal history of Hepatitis B virus in Eastern Eurasia.

Hepatitis B virus is a globally distributed pathogen and the history of HBV infection in humans predates 10000 years. However, long-term evolutionary history of HBV in Eastern Eurasia remains elusive. We present 34 ancient HBV genomes dating between approximately 5000 to 400 years ago sourced from 17 sites across Eastern Eurasia. Ten sequences have full coverage, and only two sequences have less than 50% coverage. Our results suggest a potential origin of genotypes B and D in Eastern Asia. We observed a higher level of HBV diversity within Eastern Eurasia compared to Western Eurasia between 5000 and 3000 years ago, characterized by the presence of five different genotypes (A, B, C, D, WENBA), underscoring the significance of human migrations and interactions in the spread of HBV. Our results suggest the possibility of a transition from non-recombinant subgenotypes (B1, B5) to recombinant subgenotypes (B2 - B4). This suggests a shift in epidemiological dynamics within Eastern Eurasia over time. Here, our study elucidates the regional origins of prevalent genotypes and shifts in viral subgenotypes over centuries.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of COPD Attributable to Occupational Particulate Matter, Gases, and Fumes, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: A study aimed to estimate the burden of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by occupational exposure to particulate matter, gases, and fumes in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Data on the deaths number, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) of COPD attributable to occupational particulate matter, gases, and fumes were collected from the GBD study 2019. We also investigated the association between the ASDR and SDI. Results: There were 517.7 thousand deaths [95% UI: 413.9 to 634.5] in 2019. The number of deaths increased from 1990 to 2019. The ASMR and ASDR were 6.61 (5.24 to 8.17) and 143.02 (118.56 to 168.69) in 2019, respectively, representing a 46% and 44.5% decrease since 1990. China had the highest number of deaths [200,748.4 (151,897.6 to 260,703.9)], while Nepal had the highest ASMR [39 (27.7 to 50)] and ASDR [724.5 (549 to 894.2)]. Males and females 75-79 and 80-84 years old had the highest number of COPD deaths. A negative correlation was observed when SDI > 0.4, whereas a positive correlation was found when SDI < 0.4. Conclusion: From 1990 to 2019, there was an increase in the number of deaths, but a decline in ASMR and ASDR globally. Besides, there was a heterogeneous burden of COPD attributable to occupational particulate matter, gases, and fumes across regions and countries. It is important to develop and implement strategies to prevent and reduce the burden of COPD attributable to occupational particulate matter, gases, and fumes.