Cu2+ coordination-induced in situ photo-to-heat on catalytic sites to hydrolyze ß-lactam antibiotics pollutants in waters.

For degradation of ß-lactam antibiotics pollution in waters, the strained ß-lactam ring is the most toxic and resistant moiety to biodegrade and redox-chemically treat among their functional groups. Hydrolytically opening ß-lactam ring with Lewis acid catalysts has long been recognized as a shortcut, but at room temperature, such hydrolysis is too slow to be deployed. Here, we found when Cu2+ was immobilized on imine-linked COF (covalent organic framework) (Cu2+/Py-Bpy-COF, Cu2+ load is 1.43 wt%), as-prepared composite can utilize the light irradiation (wavelength range simulated sunlight) to in situ heat anchored Cu2+ Lewis acid sites through an excellent photothermal conversion to open the ß-lactam ring followed by a desired full-decarboxylation of hydrolysates. Under 1 W/cm2 simulated sunlight, Cu2+/Py-Bpy-COF powders placed in a microfiltration membrane rapidly cause a temperature rising even to ~211.7 °C in 1 min. It can effectively hydrolyze common ß-lactam antibiotics in waters and even antibiotics concentration is as high as 1 mM and it takes less than 10 min. Such photo-heating hydrolysis rate is ~24 times as high as under dark and ~2 times as high as Cu2+ homogenous catalysis. Our strategy significantly decreases the interference from generally coexisting common organics in waters and potential toxicity concerns of residual carboxyl groups in hydrolysates and opens up an accessible way for the settlement of ß-lactam antibiotics pollutants by the only energy source available, the sunlight.

Triple-negative breast cancer survival prediction using artificial intelligence through integrated analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures and tumor budding.

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and clinically aggressive disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and tumor budding (TB) are significantly correlated with the outcomes of patients who have TNBC, but no integrated TLS-TB profile has been established to predict their survival. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the TLS/TB ratio and clinical outcomes of patients with TNBC using artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis. METHODS: The infiltration levels of TLSs and TB were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and AI-based analysis. Various cellular subtypes within TLS were determined by multiplex immunofluorescence. Subsequently, the authors established a nomogram model, conducted calibration curve analyses, and performed decision curve analyses using R software. RESULTS: In both the training and validation cohorts, the antitumor/protumor model established by the authors demonstrated a positive correlation between the TLS/TB index and the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients with TNBC. Notably, patients who had a high percentage of CD8-positive T cells, CD45RO-positive T cells, or CD20-positive B cells within the TLSs experienced improved OS and RFS. Furthermore, the authors developed a comprehensive TLS-TB profile nomogram based on the TLS/TB index. This novel model outperformed the classical tumor-lymph node-metastasis staging system in predicting the OS and RFS of patients with TNBC. CONCLUSIONS: A novel strategy for predicting the prognosis of patients with TNBC was established through integrated AI-based analysis and a machine-learning workflow. The TLS/TB index was identified as an independent prognostic factor for TNBC. This nomogram-based TLS-TB profile would help improve the accuracy of predicting the prognosis of patients who have TNBC.

Visible Light-sensitized CO2 Methanation along a Relaxed Heat Available Route.

In photocatalysis, the resulted heat by the relaxation of most of incident light no longer acts as the industrially favorite driving force back to the target photo-reaction due to more or less the negative relation between photocatalytic efficiency and temperature. Here, we reported a visible light-sensitized protocol that completely reversed the negatively temperature-dependent efficiency in photo-driven CO2 methanation with saturated water vapor. Uniform Pt/N-TiO2/PDI self-assembly material decisively injects the excited electron of PDI sensitizer into N-TiO2 forming Ti-H hydride which is crucially temperature-dependent nucleophilic species to dominate CO2 methanation, rather than conventionally separated and trapped electrons on the conductor band. Meanwhile, the ternary composite lifts itself temperature from room temperature to 305.2 °C within 400s only by the failure excitation upon simulated sunlight of 2.5 W/cm2, and smoothly achieves CO2 methanation with a record number of 4.98 mmol g-1 h-1 rate, compared to less than 0.02 mmol g-1 h-1 at classic Pt/N-TiO2/UV photocatalysis without PDI sensitization. This approach can reuse ~53.9% of the relaxed heat energy from the incident light thereby allow high-intensity incident light as strong as possible within a flowing photo-reactor, opening the most likely gateways to industrialization.

Cervical lymph node metastasis as the first symptom of combined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) and follicular carcinoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC) is a rare pathological type of thyroid malignancy. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid(PSCCT) is now considered as a subtype of ATC, hereinafter referred to as ATC-SCC subtype. ATC-SCC subtype combined with follicular thyroid carcinoma is exceedingly rare, with fewer cases reported. The ATC-SCC subtype is a highly invasive tumor with a poor prognosis for patients after metastasis occurs, and current treatment of this type of tumor is tricky. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old female patient presented with a gradually growing swelling of right cervical region. Comprehensive auxiliary examinations and postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of ATC-SCC subtype with follicular thyroid carcinoma, and the metastasis squamous cell carcinoma of the right cervical lymph nodes originates from ATC-SCC subtype. The patient received chemoradiotherapy postoperative. However, the residual cervical lymph nodes metastasis with squamous cell carcinoma still infiltrated surrounding structures in the neck extensively after palliative resection. The patient died 7 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Our case highlights that cervical lymph node metastasis may be a significant factor in the poor prognosis of ATC-SCC subtype. This malignancy should be detected and treated early.

Nutritional screening and assessment tools for patients with cirrhosis based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is highly prevalent and associated with complications and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study. Patients with cirrhosis were screened using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, the Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool and the Skeletal Muscle Index. Then, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and consistency with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria results were calculated. We also analysed the association between nutritional status and short-term prognosis. RESULTS: We enrolled 125 patients with cirrhosis, of whom 59.20% and 60.00% were malnourished based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria and Skeletal Muscle Index. Some 53.60% and 65.60%, respectively, were classified medium-to-high nutritional risk by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 and the Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool. The Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool had the best predictive value, and it was more sensitive and had a better negative predictive value than the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 Tool. The Skeletal Muscle Index also had good sensitivity and predictive value. The Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool, Skeletal Muscle Index and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria showed high concordance. The 3- and 6-month mortality rates were significantly higher for patients with moderate-to-high nutritional risk or malnutrition, regardless of the tool. CONCLUSIONS: When assessing cirrhosis with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria, the Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool is best for nutritional screening and the Skeletal Muscle Index is also a good nutritional assessment tool.

Studying the mechanism underlying lipid metabolism in osteosarcoma based on transcriptomic RNA sequencing and single-cell data.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to provide a new typing method for osteosarcoma (OS) based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data from the perspective of lipid metabolism and examine its potential mechanisms in the onset and progression of OS. METHODS: Scores for six lipid metabolic pathways were calculated by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) based on a scRNA-seq dataset and three microarray expression profiles. Subsequently, cluster typing was conducted using unsupervised consistency clustering. Furthermore, single-cell clustering and dimensionality-reduction analyses identified cell subtypes. Finally, an analysis of cellular receptors was performed using CellphoneDB to identify cellular communication. RESULTS: OS was classified into three subtypes based on lipid metabolic pathways. Among them, patients in clust3 showed poor prognoses, whereas those in clust1 and clust2 exhibited good prognoses. In addition, ssGSEA analysis showed that patients in clust3 had lower immune cell scores. Moreover, the Th17 cell differentiation pathway was significantly differentially enriched between clust2 and clust3, with lower enrichment scores for metabolic pathways in the former relative to clust1 and clust2. In total, 24 genes were upregulated between clust1 and clust2, whereas 20 were downregulated in clust3. These observations were validated by single-cell data analysis. Finally, through scRNA-seq data analysis, we identified nine ligand-receptor pairs particularly critical for communication between normal and malignant cells. CONCLUSIONS: Three clusters were identified and the single-cell analysis revealed that malignant cells dominated lipid metabolism patterns in tumors, thereby influencing the tumor microenvironment.

Diagnostic value of alkaline phosphatase and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase for metastases in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Numerous studies had reported the diagnostic value of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its bone-specific isoforms (BAP) in the metastases of breast cancer (BC). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the diagnostic value of serum ALP and BAP in metastatic BC, especially focused on bone metastases. METHODS: We searched comprehensively in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for studies to explore the diagnostic accuracy of serum ALP/BAP level for metastatic BC. Qualities of including studies were assessed and pooled sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. Publication bias was assessed and meta-regression was conducted. RESULTS: We finally included 25 studies with a total of 12,155 BC patients (1681 metastatic cases and 10,474 controls). According to the QUADAS-2 tool to assessment the methodological quality, most of the included studies were judged as high risk of patient selection bias. High serum levels of ALP/BAP in bone metastatic BC patients could be found compared with non-metastatic BC patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of ALP for BC bone metastases were 0.62 and 0.86, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.80. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of ALP for all site metastases (mainly bone and liver) were 0.56 and 0.91, and the AUC was 0.90. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of BAP for BC bone metastases were 0.66 and 0.92, and the AUC was 0.89. CONCLUSION: Although not promising, serum ALP and BAP could bring useful information for the early detection of BC metastases especially for the bone metastases.

Design and Evaluation of the Extended FBS Model Based Gaze-Control Power Wheelchair for Individuals Facing Manual Control Challenges.

This study addresses the challenges faced by individuals with upper limb disadvantages in operating power wheelchair joysticks by utilizing the extended Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) model to identify design requirements for an alternative wheelchair control system. A gaze-controlled wheelchair system is proposed based on design requirements from the extended FBS model and prioritized using the MosCow method. This innovative system relies on the user's natural gaze and comprises three levels: perception, decision making, and execution. The perception layer senses and acquires information from the environment, including user eye movements and driving context. The decision-making layer processes this information to determine the user's intended direction, while the execution layer controls the wheelchair's movement accordingly. The system's effectiveness was validated through indoor field testing, with an average driving drift of less than 20 cm for participates. Additionally, the user experience scale revealed overall positive user experiences and perceptions of the system's usability, ease of use, and satisfaction.

Synthetic Topological Vacua of Yang-Mills Fields in Bose-Einstein Condensates.

Topological vacua are a family of degenerate ground states of Yang-Mills fields with zero field strength but nontrivial topological structures. They play a fundamental role in particle physics and quantum field theory, but have not yet been experimentally observed. Here we report the first theoretical proposal and experimental realization of synthetic topological vacua with a cloud of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Our setup provides a promising platform to demonstrate the fundamental concept that a vacuum, rather than being empty, has rich spatial structures. The Hamiltonian for the vacuum of topological number n=1 is synthesized and the related Hopf index is measured. The vacuum of topological number n=2 is also realized, and we find that vacua with different topological numbers have distinctive spin textures and Hopf links. Our Letter opens up opportunities for exploring topological vacua and related long-sought-after instantons in tabletop experiments.

Quantitative analysis of protein in thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin for biomedical applications.

Accurate determination of residual protein content in hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCH), a temperature-sensitive chitin derivative developed recently, is of great importance for biomedical applications. Coomassie brilliant blue (Bradford) method, Lowry method and Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method were investigated to estimate the content of residual protein in HPCH. It was found that both Bradford and Lowry methods are not suitable for the protein assay in the HPCH sample. The BCA method could be used to determine protein content in HPCH solutions at low concentrations with good accuracy and precision and reasonable limit of detection and limit of quantitation for medical applications.

Effectiveness and safety of high dose clopidogrel plus aspirin in ischemic stroke patients with the single CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Dual antiplatelet aggregation therapy leads to better outcomes in patients with carotid artery stenosis, intracranial artery stenosis, minor strokes, or transient ischaemic attacks. However, carriers of the CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele may not experience the desired effects. We attempted to increase the clopidogrel dose to determine whether it would improve the outcomes of stroke patients who carry a single loss-of-function allele. METHODS: We recruited 131 patients with minor ischaemic stroke, within less than 7 days of stroke onset and a CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele, who had moderate-to-severe cerebral artery stenosis. Patients were divided into the high dose group (clopidogrel 150 mg per day + aspirin 100 mg per day over 21 days.) and a normal dose group (clopidogrel 75 mg per day + aspirin 100 mg per day over 21 days). The reported outcomes included any vascular or major bleeding events as the primary and safety endpoints, respectively. RESULTS: One and six vascular events occurred in the high dose and normal dose groups during the 3-months follow-up period, respectively. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups when adjusted for history of diabetes (hazard ratio, 5482; 95% confidence interval, 0.660 to 45.543; P = 0.115). No major bleeding events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ischaemic stroke who had a single CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele and moderate to severe cerebral stenosis, fewer vascular events occurred within 3 months with high dose of clopidogrel and aspirin than with normal dose of clopidogrel and aspirin. However, the difference between the two groups was not significant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical study of clopidogrel in the treatment of patients with symptomatic moderate to severe cerebral artery stenosis with intermediate metabolites of CYP2C19, URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/ . Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800017411 , 07/28/2018.

Bisphenol A triggers the malignancy of acute myeloid leukemia cells via regulation of IL-4 and IL-6.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of hematopoietic stem cells with a rapid progression. The progression of AML can be regulated by estrogenic signals. Our present data showed that an industrial endocrine-disrupting chemical, bisphenol A (BPA), can promote the proliferation of AML cells and decrease their sensitivity to daunorubicin and cytarabine treatment. Among the tested cytokines, BPA treatment can decrease the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) while increasing the expression of IL-6. Overexpression of IL-4 or neutralization antibody of IL-6 (anti-IL-6) can attenuate BPA-induced proliferation of AML cells and reverse BPA-suppressed chemosensitivity. Furthermore, activation of nuclear factor kappa B is essential for BPA-induced upregulation of IL-6 in AML cells. As to IL-4, BPA can increase the expression of NFAT1 to inhibit its transcription. Collectively, our data showed that BPA can trigger the malignancy of AML cells via regulation of IL-4 and IL-6.

A Hydrolytically Stable Vanadium(IV) Metal-Organic Framework with Photocatalytic Bacteriostatic Activity for Autonomous Indoor Humidity Control.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with long-term stability and reversible high water uptake properties can be ideal candidates for water harvesting and indoor humidity control. Now, a mesoporous and highly stable MOF, BIT-66 is presented that has indoor humidity control capability and a photocatalytic bacteriostatic effect. BIT-66 (V3 (O)3 (H2 O)(BTB)2 ), possesses prominent moisture tunability in the range of 45-60 % RH and a water uptake and working capacity of 71 and 55 wt %, respectively, showing good recyclability and excellent performance in water adsorption-desorption cycles. Importantly, this MOF demonstrates a unique photocatalytic bacteriostatic behavior under visible light, which can effectively ameliorate the bacteria and/or mold breeding problem in water adsorbing materials.

Inhibitory effects of indirubin-3'-monoxime against human osteosarcoma.

Indirubin is widely used as the active component of "Dangui Luhui Wan" in ancient China. However, its effects against the osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignancy, are still unknown. In our present study, we investigated the effects of the Indirubin-3'-monoxime (I3M), a derivative of indirubin with better water solubility, against the OS cells. We found I3M inhibited OS cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry assays showed that I3M could not only induce OS cell apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner but also regulate the cell cycle distribution. Additionally, we demonstrated that several Bcl-2 family members, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins contributed to this process. Furthermore, out data verified that I3M suppressed OS cell migration and invasion by decreasing MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. Moreover, survivin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) might play important roles in the anti-OS effects of I3M. The administration of I3M also inhibited the OS cell growth in mice. Taken together, our results indicated the inhibitory effects of I3M against human OS and thus might be an efficient candidate for OS chemotherapy.

Empirical Study and Improvement on Deep Transfer Learning for Human Activity Recognition.

Human activity recognition (HAR) based on sensor data is a significant problem in pervasive computing. In recent years, deep learning has become the dominating approach in this field, due to its high accuracy. However, it is difficult to make accurate identification for the activities of one individual using a model trained on data from other users. The decline on the accuracy of recognition restricts activity recognition in practice. At present, there is little research on the transferring of deep learning model in this field. This is the first time as we known, an empirical study was carried out on deep transfer learning between users with unlabeled data of target. We compared several widely-used algorithms and found that Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) method is most suitable for HAR. We studied the distribution of features generated from sensor data. We improved the existing method from the aspect of features distribution with center loss and get better results. The observations and insights in this study have deepened the understanding of transfer learning in the activity recognition field and provided guidance for further research.

[The role of Th17 cells and IL-17 in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Review].

Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had increased numbers of Th17 cells in serum and thyroid tissue, significantly elevated levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17), and an imbalance in the ratio of Th17 cells to regulatory T cells (Tregs). The reduced Tregs' ratio leads to a reduction in immunosuppressive function within the thyroid gland, while Th17 cells are involved in the development of HT by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the thyroid gland and mediating thyroid tissue fibrosis through the secretion of IL-17.

Metabolomic-based analysis reveals bile acid-mediated ovarian failure induced by low temperature in zebrafish.

As ectotherms, fish are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can profoundly impact their reproductive cycles. In this study, we investigated the fertility and histological characteristics of zebrafish ( Danio rerio) ovaries exposed to a temperature gradient ranging from the thermopreferendum temperature of the species, 27°C, to lower temperatures of 22°C, 20°C, and 13°C over a period of two weeks. Comparative metabolomic (six biological replicates for each temperature) and transcriptomic (four biological replicates for each temperature) analyses were conducted under the four temperature conditions. Results indicated that lower temperatures inhibited oocyte development and differential metabolites were involved in steroid hormone production, antioxidant function, and lipid and protein catabolism. Disrupted reproductive hormones, increased proteolysis, and lipid degradation significantly impeded oocyte development and egg maturation. Notably, a significant increase in bile acid content was noted in the ovaries of the cold-treated fish, indicating that bile acids play a critical role in ovarian failure. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms governing the reproductive response of fish to cold stress.

Relationship between sphingolipids-mediated neuroinflammation and alcohol use disorder.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder is a chronic recurrent encephalopathy, and its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Among possible explanations, neuroinflammation caused by the disorders of brain central immune signaling has been identified as one possible mechanism of alcohol use disorder. As the basic components of cells and important bioactive molecules, sphingolipids are essential in regulating many cellular activities. Recent studies have shown that sphingolipids-mediated neuroinflammation may be involved in the development of alcohol use disorder. METHODS: PubMed databases were searched for literature on sphingolipids and alcohol use disorder (alcohol abuse, alcohol addiction, alcohol dependence, and alcohol misuse) including evidence of the relationship between sphingolipids-mediated neuroinflammation and alcohol use disorder (formation, withdrawal, treatment). RESULTS: Disorders of sphingolipid metabolism, including the different types of sphingolipids and regulatory enzyme activity, have been found in patients with alcohol use disorder as well as animal models, which in turn cause neuro-inflammation in the central nervous system. Thus, these disorders may also be an important mechanism in the development of alcohol use disorder in patients. In addition, different sphingolipids may have different or even reverse effects on alcohol use disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The sphingolipids-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the development of alcohol use disorder. This review proposes a potential approach to prevent and treat alcohol use disorders by manipulating sphingolipid metabolism.

Determination of the Elemental Iodine in Human Breast Milk by Inductively Coupled Plasma mass Spectrometry.

Adequate iodine status in lactating women is defined by a maternal median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) ≧ 100 µg/L. However, the above-mentioned criterion does not account for the secretion of iodine into breast milk and could not truly reflect the amount of iodine delivered to the infants. Measuring breast milk median iodine concentration (BMIC) is crucial, but the method to measure BMIC has not been developed and validated in Taiwan. We adopted the ammonia dilution method without prior sample digestion to measure BMIC by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples and iodate calibrators were prepared into an aqueous solution containing Triton X-100, 0.5% ammonia solution, and tellurium (128Te) as the internal standard. Precision, accuracy, serial dilution, and recovery tests were performed for method validation. The range of intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation for the four human breast milk samples with different iodine concentrations were 3.2-4.7% and 2.3-5.5%, respectively. The standard NIST 1549 milk powder was prepared into three different concentrations of 50 µg/L, 100 µg/L, and 200 µg/L to assess the accuracy; the bias was < 5%. A recovery of 95-105% was achieved for four human breast milk samples spiked with sodium iodide solution. The serial dilution test confirmed linearity up to 0.998. The limit for detection and quantification was 0.78 µg/L and 2.34 µg/L, respectively. The results of the current study confirmed that this ICP-MS method is accurate and reliable in measuring BMIC.

Genome sequencing of Coryphaenoides yaquinae reveals convergent and lineage-specific molecular evolution in deep-sea adaptation.

Abyssal (3501-6500 m) and hadal (>6500 m) fauna evolve under harsh abiotic stresses, characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, darkness and food shortage, providing unique opportunities to investigate mechanisms underlying environmental adaptation. Genomes of several hadal species have recently been reported. However, the genetic adaptation of deep sea species across a broad spectrum of ocean depths has yet to be thoroughly investigated, due to the challenges imposed by collecting the deep sea species. To elucidate the correlation between genetic innovation and vertical distribution, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of the macrourids Coryphaenoides yaquinae, which is widely distributed in the abyssal/hadal zone ranging from 3655 to 7259 m in depth. Genomic comparisons among shallow, abyssal and hadal-living species identified idiosyncratic and convergent genetic alterations underlying the extraordinary adaptations of deep-sea species including light perception, circadian regulation, hydrostatic pressure and hunger tolerance. The deep-sea fishes (Coryphaenoides Sp. and Pseudoliparis swirei) venturing into various ocean depths independently have undergone convergent amino acid substitutions in multiple proteins such as rhodopsin 1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 and melanocortin 4 receptor which are known or verified in zebrafish to be related with vision adaptation and energy expenditure. Convergent evolution events were also identified in heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1 and valosin-containing protein genes known to be related to hydrostatic pressure adaptation specifically in fishes found around the hadal range. The uncovering of the molecular convergence among the deep-sea species shed new light on the common genetic innovations required for deep-sea adaptation by the fishes.