[Repair effect of different doses of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on white matter injury in neonatal rats]. / 不同剂量人脐带间å è´¨å¹²ç»†èƒžç§»æ¤å¯¹æ–°ç”Ÿå¤§é¼ è„‘ç™½è´¨æŸä¼¤çš„ä¿®å¤ä½œç”¨.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the repair effects of different doses of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on white matter injury (WMI) in neonatal rats. METHODS: Two-day-old Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group, WMI group, and hUC-MSCs groups (low dose, medium dose, and high dose), with 24 rats in each group. Twenty-four hours after successful establishment of the neonatal rat white matter injury model, the WMI group was injected with sterile PBS via the lateral ventricle, while the hUC-MSCs groups received injections of hUC-MSCs at different doses. At 14 and 21 days post-modeling, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in the tissues around the lateral ventricles. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the quantitative expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA in the brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry was employed to observe the expression levels of GFAP and neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) in the tissues around the lateral ventricles. TUNEL staining was used to observe cell apoptosis in the tissues around the lateral ventricles. At 21 days post-modeling, the Morris water maze test was used to observe the spatial learning and memory capabilities of the neonatal rats. RESULTS: At 14 and 21 days post-modeling, numerous cells with nuclear shrinkage and rupture, as well as disordered arrangement of nerve fibers, were observed in the tissues around the lateral ventricles of the WMI group and the low dose group. Compared with the WMI group, the medium and high dose groups showed alleviated pathological changes; the arrangement of nerve fibers in the medium dose group was relatively more orderly compared with the high dose group. Compared with the WMI group, there was no significant difference in the expression levels of MBP and GFAP mRNA in the low dose group (P>0.05), while the expression levels of MBP mRNA increased and GFAP mRNA decreased in the medium and high dose groups. The expression level of MBP mRNA in the medium dose group was higher than that in the high dose group, and the expression level of GFAP mRNA in the medium dose group was lower than that in the high dose group (P<0.05). Compared with the WMI group, there was no significant difference in the protein expression of GFAP and NeuN in the low dose group (P>0.05), while the expression of NeuN protein increased and GFAP protein decreased in the medium and high dose groups. The expression of NeuN protein in the medium dose group was higher than that in the high dose group, and the expression of GFAP protein in the medium dose group was lower than that in the high dose group (P<0.05). Compared with the WMI group, there was no significant difference in the number of apoptotic cells in the low dose group (P>0.05), while the number of apoptotic cells in the medium and high dose groups was less than that in the WMI group, and the number of apoptotic cells in the medium dose group was less than that in the high dose group (P<0.05). Compared with the WMI group, there was no significant difference in the escape latency time in the low dose group (P>0.05); starting from the third day of the latency period, the escape latency time in the medium dose group was less than that in the WMI group (P<0.05). The medium and high dose groups crossed the platform more times than the WMI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low dose hUC-MSCs may yield unsatisfactory repair effects on WMI in neonatal rats, while medium and high doses of hUC-MSCs have significant repair effects, with the medium dose demonstrating superior efficacy.

[Clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute pancreatitis in children]. / å„¿ç«¥æ€¥æ€§èƒ°è ºç‚Žä¸´åºŠç‰¹å¾ä¸Žé¢„åŽåˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the children with AP who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to June 2022, and their clinical characteristics were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 92 children with AP were included, with a male/female ratio of 1:1 and a mean age of (9±4) years. Adolescents (34%, 31/92) and pre-school children (33%, 30/92) were more commonly affected, while infants and toddlers (7%, 6/92) were less commonly affected. The etiology of the disease from most to least was as follows: drug-induced (40%, 37/92), biliary (18%, 17/92), dietary (14%, 13/92), idiopathic (13%, 12/92), trauma-related (9%, 8/92), and infectious (5%, 5/92). Mild, moderate, and severe AP accounted for 68% (63/92), 21% (19/92), and 11% (10/92), respectively. Among all 92 children, 62 (67%) received abdominal ultrasound, with a positive rate of 66% (41/62); 67 (73%) underwent abdominal CT, with a positive rate of 90% (60/67); 20 (22%) underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), with a positive rate of 95% (19/20). There were significant differences in the levels of D-dimer, procalcitonin, and amylase among children with different degrees of severity of the condition (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in the levels of leukocyte count, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, and blood calcium among children with different etiologies (P<0.05). Of all 92 children, 89 (97%) had a good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The primary cause of pediatric AP is medication-induced, with a predominantce of mild cases. Abdominal CT has a high rate of utilization and positivity in the diagnosis of pediatric AP, while MRCP has the highest specificity among imaging techniques. Laboratory tests aid in determining the severity and etiology of AP. The prognosis of AP is favorable in children.

[Effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and its mechanism]. / è¡€å°æ¿æºæ€§ç”Ÿé•¿å› å­-BBå¯¹ç¼ºæ°§æ€§è‚ºåŠ¨è„‰é«˜åŽ‹æ–°ç”Ÿå¤§é¼ è‚ºè¡€ç®¡é‡å¡‘çš„å½±å“åŠæœºåˆ¶ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). METHODS: A total of 128 neonatal rats were randomly divided into four groups: PDGF-BB+HPH, HPH, PDGF-BB+normal oxygen, and normal oxygen (n=32 each). The rats in the PDGF-BB+HPH and PDGF-BB+normal oxygen groups were given an injection of 13 µL 6×1010 PFU/mL adenovirus with PDGF-BB genevia the caudal vein. After 24 hours of adenovirus transfection, the rats in the HPH and PDGF-BB+HPH groups were used to establish a neonatal rat model of HPH. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was measured on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 of hypoxia. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pulmonary vascular morphological changes under an optical microscope, and vascular remodeling parameters (MA% and MT%) were also measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression levels of PDGF-BB and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in lung tissue. RESULTS: The rats in the PDGF-BB+HPH and HPH groups had a significantly higher RVSP than those of the same age in the normal oxygen group at each time point (P<0.05). The rats in the PDGF-BB+HPH group showed vascular remodeling on day 3 of hypoxia, while those in the HPH showed vascular remodeling on day 7 of hypoxia. On day 3 of hypoxia, the PDGF-BB+HPH group had significantly higher MA% and MT% than the HPH, PDGF-BB+normal oxygen, and normal oxygen groups (P<0.05). On days 7, 14, and 21 of hypoxia, the PDGF-BB+HPH and HPH groups had significantly higher MA% and MT% than the PDGF-BB+normal oxygen and normal oxygen groups (P<0.05). The PDGF-BB+HPH and HPH groups had significantly higher expression levels of PDGF-BB and PCNA than the normal oxygen group at all time points (P<0.05). On days 3, 7, and 14 of hypoxia, the PDGF-BB+HPH group had significantly higher expression levels of PDGF-BB and PCNA than the HPH group (P<0.05), while the PDGF-BB+normal oxygen group had significantly higher expression levels of PDGF-BB and PCNA than the normal oxygen group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous administration of PDGF-BB in neonatal rats with HPH may upregulate the expression of PCNA, promote pulmonary vascular remodeling, and increase pulmonary artery pressure.

[Effect and mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor-A on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) by regulating survivin (SVV). METHODS: A total of 96 neonatal rats were randomly divided into three groups: HPH+VEGF-A group, HPH group, and control group. Each group was further randomly divided into 3-, 7-, 10-, and 14-day subgroups (n=8 in each subgroup). The neonatal rats in the HPH+VEGF-A and HPH groups were intratracheally transfected with adenoviral vectors with or without VEGF-A gene respectively. Those in the control group were given intratracheal injection of normal saline and were then fed under normoxic conditions. The direct measurement method was used to measure mean right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological changes of pulmonary vessels under a light microscope and calculate the percentage of media wall thickness (MT%) and the percentage of media wall cross-sectional area (MA%) in the pulmonary arterioles. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression levels of VEGF-A and SVV in lung tissue. RESULTS: The HPH group had a significantly higher mean RVSP than the control and HPH+VEGF-A groups at each time point (P < 0.05). Pulmonary vascular remodeling occurred in the HPH group on day 7 of hypoxia, while it occurred in the HPH+VEGF-A group on day 10 of hypoxia. On day 7 of hypoxia, the HPH group had significantly higher MT% and MA% than the control and HPH+VEGF-A groups (P < 0.05). On days 10 and 14 of hypoxia, the HPH and HPH+VEGF-A groups had significantly higher MT% and MA% than the control group (P < 0.05). The HPH and HPH+VEGF-A groups had significantly higher expression of VEGF-A than the control group at each time point (P < 0.05). On days 3 and 7 of hypoxia, the HPH+VEGF-A group had significantly higher expression of VEGF-A than the HPH group (P < 0.05). On day 14 of hypoxia, the HPH group had significantly higher expression of SVV than the control group (P < 0.05). The HPH+VEGF-A group had significantly higher expression of SVV than the control group at each time point (P < 0.05). On days 3 and 7 of hypoxia, the HPH+VEGF-A group had significantly higher expression of SVV than the HPH group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic intratracheal administration of exogenous VEGF-A in neonatal rats with HPH can inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling and reduce pulmonary arterial pressure by upregulating the expression of SVV in the early stage of hypoxia. This provides a basis for the interventional treatment of pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal HPH.

[Protective effects of heat shock protein 70 against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in neonatal rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in neonatal rats. METHODS: A total of 128 neonatal rats were randomly divided into blank control group, HPH model group, empty virus group, and HSP70 group, with 32 rats in each group. Before the establishment of an HPH model, the rats in the blank control group and HPH model group were given caudal vein injection of 5 µL sterile saline, those in the empty virus group were given caudal vein injection of 5 µL Ad-GFP (1 010 PFU/mL), and those in the HSP70 group were given caudal vein injection of 5 µL Ad-HSP70 (1 010 PFU/mL). HPH model was prepared in the HPH model, empty virus, and HSP70 groups after transfection. At 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after model establishment, a multi-channel physiological recorder was used to record mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), optical and electron microscopes were used to observe the structure and remodeling parameters of pulmonary vessels, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of HSP70, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lung tissues. RESULTS: At 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after model establishment, the HPH model group and the empty virus group had a significantly higher mPAP than the blank control group (P<0.05). On days 7 and 10 of hypoxia, the blank control group and the HSP70 group had significantly lower MA% and MT% than the HPH model group and the empty virus group (P<0.01); on day 14 of hypoxia, the HPH model group, empty virus group, and HSP70 group had similar MA% and MT% (P>0.05), but had significantly higher MA% and MT% than the blank control group (P<0.01). On days 3, 7 and 10 of hypoxia, the HSP70 group had significantly higher protein expression of HSP70 than the HPH model group, empty virus group, and blank control group (P<0.01); the HSP70 group had significantly lower expression of HIF-1α, ET-1, and iNOS than the HPH model group and the empty virus group (P<0.05) and similar expression of HIF-1α, ET-1, and iNOS as the blank control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In neonatal rats with HPH, HSP70 transfection can increase the expression of HSP70 in lung tissues, downregulate the expression of HIF-1α, ET-1, and iNOS, alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling, and reduce pulmonary artery pressure; therefore, it may become a new strategy for the treatment of HPH in neonates.

Calling patterns in human communication dynamics.

Modern technologies not only provide a variety of communication modes (e.g., texting, cell phone conversation, and online instant messaging), but also detailed electronic traces of these communications between individuals. These electronic traces indicate that the interactions occur in temporal bursts. Here, we study intercall duration of communications of the 100,000 most active cell phone users of a Chinese mobile phone operator. We confirm that the intercall durations follow a power-law distribution with an exponential cutoff at the population level but find differences when focusing on individual users. We apply statistical tests at the individual level and find that the intercall durations follow a power-law distribution for only 3,460 individuals (3.46%). The intercall durations for the majority (73.34%) follow a Weibull distribution. We quantify individual users using three measures: out-degree, percentage of outgoing calls, and communication diversity. We find that the cell phone users with a power-law duration distribution fall into three anomalous clusters: robot-based callers, telecom fraud, and telephone sales. This information is of interest to both academics and practitioners, mobile telecom operators in particular. In contrast, the individual users with a Weibull duration distribution form the fourth cluster of ordinary cell phone users. We also discover more information about the calling patterns of these four clusters (e.g., the probability that a user will call the c(r)-th most contact and the probability distribution of burst sizes). Our findings may enable a more detailed analysis of the huge body of data contained in the logs of massive users.

[Effect of heat shock protein 70 on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). METHODS: A total of 128 Wistar neonatal rats were randomly divided into HPH model and blank control groups. According to the transfection solution, the HPH model group was further divided into normal saline group, empty virus group (viral vectors marked with a green fluorescent signal and not carrying the target gene), and virus+HSP70 group (viral vectors marked with a green fluorescent signal and carrying the target gene). The HPH model was established by inhalation of nitrogen-oxygen mixture (1.5 L/minutes and 8% oxygen). Pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and the indicators of pulmonary vascular remodeling (MT% and MA%) were measured on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 of hypoxia. RESULTS: On days 3, 7, and 10 of hypoxia, the normal saline and empty virus groups had significantly enhanced expression of HSP70 compared with the blank control group (P<0.01), and the virus+HSP70 group had significantly higher expression of HSP70 than the blank control, normal saline, and empty virus groups (P<0.01). On day 14 of hypoxia, the expression of HSP70 showed no significant difference between these groups (P>0.05). On days 3, 7, and 10 of hypoxia, the normal saline and empty virus groups showed continuous increases in mPAP compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mPAP between the virus+HSP70 and blank control groups (P>0.05). On day 14 of hypoxia, there was no significant difference in mPAP among three subgroups of the HPH model group (P>0.05), but the mPAP in the three subgroups was significantly higher than in the blank control group (P<0.05). After 7 days of hypoxia, the normal saline and empty virus groups showed significantly higher MT% and MA% than the blank control group (P<0.05), but the two indicators showed no significant differences between the virus+HSP70 and the blank control groups (P>0.05). On day 14 of hypoxia, there were no significant differences in MT% and MA% among three subgroups of the HPH model group (P>0.05), but the MT% and MA% in the three subgroups were higher than in the blank control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HSP70 may reduce pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with HPH.

Carexqingyuanensis (Cyperaceae), a new species from Guangdong, China.

Carexqingyuanensis, a new species of Cyperaceae from Guangdong Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to Carexpeliosanthifolia F. T. Wang & Tang ex P. C. Li, but it can be distinguished by the racemose inflorescence branches appearing single (rarely binate or ternate) (vs. binate or ternate), one (rarely two or three) (vs. 1-3) spiked, male part of linear-cylindrical spikes much longer than the female part (vs. just male part short-cylindrical and slightly longer than female part), style base thickened (vs. not thickened) and perigynium horizontally patent with a short (vs. long and excurved) beak. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the two nuclear DNA regions (ETS 1f and ITS) and three chloroplast DNA regions (matK, ndhF and rps16), suggests that the new species belongs to sect. Siderostictaes.s. of subg. Siderosticta and shows a closer phylogenetic relationship to Carexscaposa C. B. Clarke.

Accuracy of FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes who migrated from highlands to plains.

BACKGROUND: The FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system entered the Chinese market in 2017 to complement the self-monitoring of blood glucose. Due to its increased usage in clinics, the number of studies investigating its accuracy has increased. However, its accuracy has not been investigated in highland popu-lations in China. AIM: To evaluate measurements recorded using the FreeStyle Libre FGM system compared with capillary blood glucose measured using the enzyme electrode method in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who had migrated within 3 mo from highlands to plains. METHODS: Overall, 68 patients with T2D, selected from those who had recently migrated from highlands to plains (within 3 mo), were hospitalized at the Department of Endocrinology from August to October 2017 and underwent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with the FreeStyle Libre FGM system for 14 d. Throughout the study period, fingertip capillary blood glucose was measured daily using the enzyme electrode method (Super GL, China), and blood glucose levels were read from the scanning probe during fasting and 2 h after all three meals. Moreover, the time interval between reading the data from the scanning probe and collecting fingertip capillary blood was controlled to < 5 min. The accuracy of the FGM system was evaluated according to the CGM guidelines. Subsequently, the factors influencing the mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of this system were analyzed by a multiple linear regression method. RESULTS: Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the fingertip and scanned glucose levels were positively correlated (R = 0.86, P = 0.00). The aggregated MARD of scanned glucose was 14.28 ± 13.40%. Parker's error analysis showed that 99.30% of the data pairs were located in areas A and B. According to the probe wear time of the FreeStyle Libre FGM system, MARD1 d and MARD2-14 d were 16.55% and 14.35%, respectively (t = 1.23, P = 0.22). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that MARD did not correlate with blood glucose when the largest amplitude of glycemic excursion (LAGE) was < 5.80 mmol/L but negatively correlated with blood glucose when the LAGE was ≥ 5.80 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: The FreeStyle Libre FGM system has good accuracy in patients with T2D who had recently migrated from highlands to plains. This system might be ideal for avoiding the effects of high hematocrit on blood glucose monitoring in populations that recently migrated to plains. MARD is mainly influenced by glucose levels and fluctuations, and the accuracy of the system is higher when the blood glucose fluctuation is small. In case of higher blood glucose level fluctuations, deviation in the scanned glucose levels is the highest at extremely low blood glucose levels.

[Association between pulmonary vascular remodeling and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, endothelin-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary vessels in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between pulmonary vascular remodeling and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pulmonary vessels in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). METHODS: A neonatal rat model of HPH was established as an HPH group, and normal neonatal rats were enrolled as a control group. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured. The percentage of medial thickness to outer diameter of the small pulmonary arteries (MT%) and the percentage of medial cross-section area to total cross-section area of the pulmonary small arteries (MA%) were measured as the indicators for pulmonary vascular remodeling. The immunohistochemical reaction intensities for HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS and their mRNA expression in lung tissues of neonatal rats were measured. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between pulmonary vascular remodeling and mRNA expression of HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS. RESULTS: The mPAP of the HPH group kept increasing on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 of hypoxia, with a significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). The HPH group had significantly higher MT% and MA% than the control group from day 7 of hypoxia (P<0.05). HIF-1α protein expression increased significantly on days 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of hypoxia, and HIF-1α mRNA expression increased significantly on days 3, 5 and 7 days of hypoxia in the HPH group compared with the control group (P<0.05). ET-1 protein expression increased significantly on days 3, 5 and 7 days of hypoxia and ET-1 mRNA expression increased significantly on day 3 of hypoxia in the HPH group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Both iNOS protein and mRNA expression were significantly higher on days 3, 5 and 7 days of hypoxia than the control group (P<0.05). Both MT% and MA% were positively correlated with HIF-1α mRNA expression (r=0.835 and 0.850 respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary vascular remodeling is developed on day 7 of hypoxia in neonatal rats. HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS are all involved in the occurrence and development of HPH in neonatal rats.

Efficacy and Safety of Jianpi Jieyu Decoction for Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Depression of Xin (Heart)-Pi (Spleen) Deficiency Syndrome: A Multi-centre Randomized Controlled Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jianpi Jieyu Decoction (JJD) for treating patients with mild-to-moderate depression of Xin (Heart)-Pi (Spleen) deficiency (XPD) syndrome. METHODS: In this multi-center, randomized, controlled study, 140 patients with mild-to-moderate depression of XPD syndrome were included from Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Botou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2017 to December 2019. They were randomly divided into JJD group and paroxetine group by using a random number table, with 70 cases in each group. The patients in the JJD group were given JJD one dose per day (twice daily at morning and evening, 100 mL each time), and the patients in the paroxetine group were given paroxetine (10 mg/d in week 1; 20 mg/d in weeks 2-6), both orally administration for a total of 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the change of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) score at week 6 from baseline. The secondary outcomes included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score, Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (TCMSS), and Clinlcal Global Impression (CGI) scores at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weekends of treatment, HAMD-17 response (defined as a reduction in score of >50%) and HAMD-17 remission (defined as a score of ⩽7) at the end of the 6th week of treatment. Adverse events (AEs) were also recorded. RESULTS: From baseline to week 6, the HAMD-17 scores decreased 10.2 ± 4.0 and 9.1 ± 4.9 points in the JJD and paroxetine groups, respectively (P=0.689). The HAMD-17 response occurred in 60% of patients in the JJD group and in 50% of those in the paroxetine group (P=0.292); HAMD-17 remission occurred in 45.7% and 30% of patients, respectively (P=0.128). The differences of CGI scores at the 6th week were not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were significant differences in HAMD-17 scores between the two groups at 2nd and 4th week (P=0.001 and P=0.014). The HAMA scores declined 8.1 ± 3.0 and 6.9 ± 4.3 points from baseline to week 6 in the JJD and paroxetine groups, respectively (P=0.905 between groups). At 4th week of treatment, there was a significant difference in HAMA between the two groups (P=0.037). TCMSS decreased 11.4 ± 5.1, and 10.1 ± 6.8 points in the JJD and paroxetine groups, respectively (P=0.080 between groups). At the 6th week, the incidence of AEs in the JJD group was significantly lower than that in the paroxetine group (7.14% vs. 22.86%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with paroxetine, JJD was associated with a significantly lower incidence of AEs in patients with mild-to-moderate depression of XPD syndrome, with no difference in efficacy at 6 weeks. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR2000040922).

[Pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of pulmonary vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in neonatal rats. METHODS: Ninety-six newborn Wistar rats were randomly divided into an HPH group (hypoxia exposure) and a control group (room air exposure). The mean pulmonary arteria pressure (mPAP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI), and vascular remodeling indexes MT% and MA% were measured 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after exposure (n=8 each time point). The ultrastructure of pulmonary vascular was observed under a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: mPAP in the HPH group 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after hypoxia exposure increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). With the prolonged hypoxia time, mPAP in the HPH group increased more significantly. MT%, MA% and RVHI increased significantly in the HPH group after 7 days of hypoxia exposure in a time-dependent manner compared with the control group (P<0.05). The transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that small pulmonary arterials became thickened, endothelial cell hyperplasia and degeneration, and organelles increased in the HPH group after 7 days of hypoxia exposure. Besides, collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix and the changes of pulmonary vascular remodeling were observed. CONCLUSIONS: mPAP increases between 3 and 5 days of hypoxia exposure, resulting from pulmonary vascular spasm caused by hypoxia. After hypoxia of 7 days, the mPAP increases more significantly, pulmonary vascular remodeling occurs, and right ventricle becomes irreversibly hypertrophic. These changes may be intensified as the prolonged hypoxia time.

[Evaluation of left ventricular dysfunction by Tei index in neonates with hypoxemia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of Tei index in the evaluation of left ventricular dysfunction in neonates with hypoxemia. METHODS: Fifty-two neonates with hypoxemia (20 mild, 16 moderate, 16 severe) and 40 normal neonates (control group) were enrolled. On postnatal days 1, 3 and 7, Doppler echocardiography was used to measure the indexes reflecting systolic and diastolic cardiac functions: ejection fraction of left ventricular (LVEF), E/A ratio of mitral value and Tei index of left ventricular (LV-Tei). RESULTS: LVEF and E/A ratio of left ventricular in the moderate hypoxemia group were significantly lower than those in the control group on postnatal days 1 and 3 (P<0.01). LVEF and E/A ratio of left ventricular in the severe hypoxemia group were significantly lower than those in the control group on postnatal days 1, 3 and 7 (P<0.01 or 0.05). Compared with the control group, LV-Tei increased significantly in the mild hypoxemia group on postnatal day 1 and increased significantly in the moderate and severe hypoxemia groups on postnatal days 1 and 3 (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between PaO2 and LV-Tei in the hypoxemia group on postnatal days 1 and 3 (r=-0.50, P<0.05; r=-0.71, P<0.01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: LV-Tei can be used as a sensitive indicator for the evaluation of left ventricular dysfunction in neonates with hypoxemia.

[Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α endothelin-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension of the newborn].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) of the newborn. METHODS: Seventy-five term hospitalized neonates with HPH (mild 29 cases, moderate 25 cases, severe 21 cases) and 22 term hospitalized neonates without HPH (control group) were enrolled between June 2006 and November 2009. Serum levels of HIF-1α, iNOS and ET-1 were measured using ELASA 1, 3 and 7 days after birth. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of HIF-1α and ET-1 in the mild, moderate and severe HPH groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01) 1 day after birth, and were related to the severity of HPH. The serum iNOS concentrations in the moderate and severe HPH groups were also significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). By 3 days after birth, serum ET-1 concentration in the moderate HPH group and serum concentrations of HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS in the severe HPH group reminded significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 7 days after birth, serum ET-1 concentration in the severe HPH group still remained higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS increase in neonates with HPH, resulting in an imbalance of ET-1 and NO. This may be of importance in the pathogenesis of neonatal HPH.

[Serum levels of HIF-1α, ET-1 and Ca(2+) in neonates with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes and significance of serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and calcium (Ca(2+)) levels in neonates with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). METHODS: Seventy-five neonates with HPH (29 mild, 25 moderate and 21 severe) and 22 hospitalized neonates with non-HPH (control group) were enrolled. Pulmonary artery systolic blood pressure (PASP) was measured by bedside echocardiography within 24 hrs after birth. Serum levels of HIF-1α and ET-1 were measured using ELASA. Serum Ca2+ concentrations were measured with ion selective electrode. RESULTS: Serum levels of HIF-1α and ET-1 in the HPH group increased significantly compared with those in the control group (P<0.01), and were positively related with PASP (Rhif-1α=0.75, P<0.01; Ret-1=0.56,P<0.05). Serum Ca2+ levels in neonates with severe HPH were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no correlation between serum Ca2+ levels and PASP. CONCLUSIONS: Serum HIF-1α and ET-1 levels are positively related with PASP in neonates with HPH, suggesting that serum HIF-1α and ET-1 may be involved in the occurrence of neonatal HPH. Serum Ca2+ levels are reduced in severe neonates with HPH, suggesting that serum Ca2+ may play a role in the occurrence of severe HPH.

[Clinical features of feeding intolerance in preterm infants].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features of feeding intolerance in preterm infants in order to provide clinical evidence for preventing feeding intolerance. METHODS: A total of 716 preterm infants hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2007 and December 2009 were enrolled. The clinical data of the infants were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Feeding intolerance occurred in 197 (27.5%) out of 716 infants, with an incidence of 76.4% in the very low birth weight infants. Simple gastric retention (47.2%) was found as the most common clinical manifestation. Feeding intolerance usually occurred within 3 days after feeding. Compared with the preterm infants with feeding success, the preterm infants with feeding intolerance showed lower gestational age and birth weight, more delayed feeding and higher rate of asphyxia and respiratory diseases (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the gender, maternal age, ethnic group, delivery way and the incidence of fetal distress between the two groups. With increasing gestational age, increasing birth weight, early feeding, the incidence of feeding intolerance in preterm infants was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: The low gestational age, low birth weight, delayed feeding and complications may be associated with the development of feeding intolerance in preterm infants.

Baduanjin exercise can alleviate anxiety and depression of patients with COVID-19 in Square cabin hospital: A cross-sectional survey.

ABSTRACT: To investigate the anxiety and depression of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who participated in Baduanjin exercise.From February 20, 2020 to March 7, 2020, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) were used to investigate the anxiety and depression levels of patients with COVID-19 who participated in Baduanjin exercise. Ninety one questionnaires were received, including 40 males and 51 females. Stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of related factors on anxiety and depression levels.In Square cabin hospital, 91% of patients participated in Baduanjin exercise had no obvious anxiety and 82% had no obvious depression. The scores of anxiety and depression of female patients were significantly higher than that of male patients. Bachelor degree or above with low scores for anxiety and depression. The frequency of Baduanjin exercise was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression score.The development of Baduanjin exercise has a certain positive influence on the COVID-19 patients in the Square cabin hospital, which is conducive to alleviate anxiety and depression symptoms of the patients.

Prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms among the first-line medical staff in Wuhan mobile cabin hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic: A cross-sectional survey.

ABSTRACT: To investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the associated risk factors among first-line medical staff in Wuhan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.From March 5 to 15, 2020, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression scale were used to investigate the anxiety and depression status of medical staff in Wuhan Cabin Hospital (a Hospital). Two hundred seventy-six questionnaires were received from 96 doctors and 180 nurses, including 79 males and 197 females.During the COVID-19 epidemic, the prevalence rate of anxiety and depression was 27.9% and 18.1%, respectively, among 276 front-line medical staff in Wuhan. The prevalence rate of anxiety and depression among doctors was 19.8% and 11.5%, respectively, and the prevalence rate of anxiety and depression among nurses was 32.2% and 21.7%, respectively. Females recorded higher total scores for anxiety and depression than males, and nurses recorded higher scores for anxiety and depression than doctors.During the COVID-19 epidemic, some first-line medical staff experienced mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. Nurses were more prone to anxiety and depression than doctors. Effective strategies toward to improving the mental health should be provided to first-line medical staff, especially female medical staff and nurses.

[Correlation between right ventricular function and the indexes of blood gas in neonates with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of right ventricular function with the indexes of blood gas in neonates with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). METHODS: Sixty-seven neonates with HPH (29 mild, 23 moderate and 15 severe) and 22 gestational age- and weight-matched neonates without HPH (control group) were enrolled. On postnatal days 1, 3 and 7, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was measured by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Systolic wave of ventricular (Sa), early diastolic wave (Ea), late diastolic wave (Aa), and Ea/Aa ratio were determined by the tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) technology. Artery oxygen pressure (PaO(2)), fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)), and PaO(2)/ FiO(2) ratio were simultaneously observed. RESULTS: On postnatal day 1, PaO(2) and PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio as well as Ea and Ea/Aa ratio were significantly lower, while PASP was significantly higher in the HPH groups than those in the control group. Sa decreased in the moderate and severe HPH groups, Aa increased in the moderate HPH group, and Aa decreased significantly in the severe HPH group compared with that in the control group. On postnatal day 3, PaO(2) and PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio returned to normal level in the mild and moderate HPH groups, while other indexes remained abnormal. On postnatal day 7, all the indexes above returned to normal level in the mild HPH group; Ea and Ea/Aa ratio were still significantly lower in the moderate HPH group, and the other indexes returned to normal level; in the severe HPH group, only PaO(2) and PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio returned to normal level. CONCLUSIONS: The changes and recovery of diastolic and systolic functions of right ventricular are not paralleled with hypoxia and PASP in neonates with HPH. It is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of HPH by monitoring PASP and right ventricular function with TDI.

[Change of Hepcidin in Patients with Iron Overload at the Tibet Plateau].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible etiological factors of iron overload through detecting plasma hepcidin level of adult males at Tibet plateau. METHODS: 81 Tibetan male adult patients hospitalized in our department during January 2017 - December 2018 were selected, and divided into iron overload group and non-iron overload group. The difference in serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, hemoglobin, HBSAg, ALT, AST, albumin, creatinine and hepcidin of patients in each group were tested. To analyze the differences between groups. The regression analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between laboratory index and hepcidin. RESULTS: The plasma hepcidin of iron overload group was significantly higher than that of the non-iron overload group [93.69 (65.57-133.92) ng/ml vs 63.93 (40.01-90.65) ng/ml] (P=0.005). And there was a positive correlation between plasma hepcidin and ferritin (ß=0.03 ng/ml，95%CI 0.01-0.05) (P<0.01) and BMI (ß=5.71 ng/ml，95%CI 0.54-10.88) (P<0.05）. CONCLUSION: Iron overload at Tibet plateau can not be attributed to hepcidin deficiency in Tibetan adult male patients. Iron metabolism disorders in Tibetan population may be associated with metabolic syndrome.