A hybrid algorithm for clinical decision support in precision medicine based on machine learning.

PURPOSE: The objective of the manuscript is to propose a hybrid algorithm combining the improved BM25 algorithm, k-means clustering, and BioBert model to better determine biomedical articles utilizing the PubMed database so, the number of retrieved biomedical articles whose content contains much similar information regarding a query of a specific disease could grow larger. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: In the paper, a two-stage information retrieval method is proposed to conduct an improved Text-Rank algorithm. The first stage consists of employing the improved BM25 algorithm to assign scores to biomedical articles in the database and identify the 1000 publications with the highest scores. The second stage is composed of employing a method called a cluster-based abstract extraction to reduce the number of article abstracts to match the input constraints of the BioBert model, and then the BioBert-based document similarity matching method is utilized to obtain the most similar search outcomes between the document and the retrieved morphemes. To realize reproducibility, the written code is made available on https://github.com/zzc1991/TREC_Precision_Medicine_Track . FINDINGS: The experimental study is conducted based on the data sets of TREC2017 and TREC2018 to train the proposed model and the data of TREC2019 is used as a validation set confirming the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed algorithm that would be implemented for clinical decision support in precision medicine with a generalizability feature. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This research integrates multiple machine learning and text processing methods to devise a hybrid method applicable to domains of specific medical literature retrieval. The proposed algorithm provides a 3% increase of P@10 than that of the state-of-the-art algorithm in TREC 2019.

Disheveled3 enhanced EMT and cancer stem-like cells properties via Wnt/ß-catenin/c-Myc/SOX2 pathway in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) play crucial role in tumor metastasis and drug-resistance. Disheveled3 (DVL3) is involved in malignant behaviors of cancer. However, the role and potential mechanism of DVL3 remain elusive in EMT and CSLCs of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: UALCAN and PrognoScan databases were employed to evaluate DVL3 expression in CRC tissues and its correlation with CRC prognosis, respectively. Transwell, sphere formation and CCK8 assay were used to assess metastasis, stemness and drug sensitivity of CRC cells, respectively. Western blotting and dual luciferase assay were performed to analyze the protein expression and Wnt/ß-catenin activation, respectively. Lentiviral transfection was used to construct the stable cell lines. Animal studies were performed to analyze the effect of silencing DVL3 on tumorigenicity and metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. RESULTS: DVL3 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and several CRC cell lines. DVL3 expression was also higher in CRC tissues with lymph node metastasis than tumor tissues without metastasis, and correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. DVL3 positively regulated the abilities of migration, invasion and EMT-like molecular changes in CRC cells. Moreover, DVL3 promoted CSLCs properties and multidrug resistance. We further identified that Wnt/ß-catenin was crucial for DVL3-mediated EMT, stemness and SOX2 expression, while silencing SOX2 inhibited DVL3-mediated EMT and stemness. Furthermore, c-Myc, a direct target gene of Wnt/ß-catenin, was required for SOX2 expression and strengthened EMT and stemness via SOX2 in CRC cells. Finally, knockdown of DVL3 suppressed tumorigenicity and lung metastasis of CRC cells in nude mice. CONCLUSION: DVL3 promoted EMT and CSLCs properties of CRC via Wnt/ß-catenin/c-Myc/SOX2 axis, providing a new strategy for successful CRC treatment.

Melatonin Alleviates Chromium Toxicity in Maize by Modulation of Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis, Glutathione Metabolism, and Antioxidant Capacity.

Melatonin, a pleiotropic regulatory molecule, is involved in the defense against heavy metal stress. Here, we used a combined transcriptomic and physiological approach to investigate the underlying mechanism of melatonin in mitigating chromium (Cr) toxicity in Zea mays L. Maize plants were treated with either melatonin (10, 25, 50 and 100 µM) or water and exposed to 100 µM K2Cr2O7 for seven days. We showed that melatonin treatment significantly decreased the Cr content in leaves. However, the Cr content in the roots was not affected by melatonin. Analyses of RNA sequencing, enzyme activities, and metabolite contents showed that melatonin affected cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis, glutathione (GSH) metabolism, and redox homeostasis. During Cr stress, melatonin treatment increased cell wall polysaccharide contents, thereby retaining more Cr in the cell wall. Meanwhile, melatonin improved the GSH and phytochelatin contents to chelate Cr, and the chelated complexes were then transported to the vacuoles for sequestration. Furthermore, melatonin mitigated Cr-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the capacity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Moreover, melatonin biosynthesis-defective mutants exhibited decreased Cr stress resistance, which was related to lower pectin, hemicellulose 1, and hemicellulose 2 than wild-type plants. These results suggest that melatonin alleviates Cr toxicity in maize by promoting Cr sequestration, re-establishing redox homeostasis, and inhibiting Cr transport from the root to the shoot.

Feed-in tariffs and the carbon emission trading scheme under China's peak emission target: A dynamic CGE analysis for the development of renewable electricity.

Thermal power industry is one of China's leading sources of carbon emissions. China has launched a national carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) and renewable energy incentive programs to achieve its peak emission target by 2030. However, since 2021, China no longer provides a central feed-in tariff (FIT) for new centrally located solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants, commercial and industrially distributed PV projects, and newly approved onshore wind power projects. This change in policy may threaten China's carbon reduction targets and economic development. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, we assess the combined effects of carbon ETS and FIT on China's electricity sector, carbon emission peak target, renewable energy and economic development. In terms of policy overlap and integration, we analyze the impact of these policies and estimate how to coordinate FIT and carbon ETS policies to ensure their effectiveness. Results show that the overall effects of FIT subsidies are superior to phasing-out FIT scenarios. The fiscal pressure caused by FIT is lower than its actual expenditure because it stimulates economic activity and boosts government revenue. However, considering the multiplier effect of the FIT on promoting government revenue growth and GDP growth, the most effective FIT should be terminated in 2025, followed by subsidies ending in 2030 and 2035.

Effects of Compound Elicitors on the Biosynthesis of Triterpenoids and Activity of Defense Enzymes from Inonotus hispidus (Basidiomycetes).

Inonotus hispidus has various health-promoting activities, such as anticancer effects and immune-stimulating activity. The commercialization of valuable plant triterpenoids faces major challenges, including low abundance in natural hosts and costly downstream purification procedures. In this work, orthogonal design was used to compound methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), oleic acid, and Cu2+, and the effects of combinations on the total triterpenes biosynthesized were studied. The optimal combination was screened out and its effect on the activity of PAL, CAT, and SOD was studied. The optimal concentration of oleic acid was 2% when MeJA was 100 mol/L, and the total triterpenoid content and mycelia production were 3.918 g and 85.17 mg/g, respectively. MeJA treatment induced oxidative stress, and at the same time increased the activity of related defense enzymes. Oleic acid is thought to regulate cell permeability by recombining cell membranes. It promotes the material exchange process between cells and the environment without affecting cell growth. When oleic acid was used in combination with MeJA, a synergistic effect on triterpene production was observed. In conclusion, our findings provide a strategy for triterpenoid enrichment of I. hispidus.

Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in diverse petal tissues in the lily cultivar 'Vivian'.

BACKGROUND: Petals are the colorful region of many ornamental plants. Quality traits of petal color directly affect the value of ornamental plants. Although the regulatory mechanism of flower color has been widely studied in many plants, that of lily flower color is still worth further exploration. RESULTS: In this study, the pigmentation regulatory network in different regions of the petal of lily cultivar 'Vivian' was analyzed through tissue structure, metabolites biosynthesis, and gene expression. We found that cell morphology of the petal in un-pigmented region differed from that in pigmented region. The cell morphology tends to flatten in un-pigmented region where the color is lighter. Moreover, high level anthocyanin was found in the pigmented regions by metabonomic analysis, especially cyanidin derivatives. However, flavanones were accumulated, contrast with anthocyanin in the un-pigmented regions of lily petal. To understand the relationship of these different metabolites and lily flower color, RNA-Seq was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes-related metabolite biosynthesis. Among these genes, the expression levels of several genes-related cyanidin derivatives biosynthesis were significantly different between the pigmented and un-pigmented regions, such as LvMYB5, LvMYB7, LvF3'H, LvDFR, LvANS and Lv3GT. CONCLUSIONS: This data will help us to further understand the regulation network of lily petal pigmentation and create different unique color species.

Semiconducting two-dimensional group VA-VA haeckelite compounds with superior carrier mobility.

A series of two-dimensional (2D) single-layer binary group VA-VA crystals, where VA represents P, As, Sb and Bi, are explored by the first-principles calculations. Unlike the orthorhombic α-phase and hexagonal ß-phase, these crystals have a tetragonal haeckelite lattice and are named as T-VA-VAs. These ultrathin 2D materials have high thermal stability and are semiconductors with moderate band gaps ranging from 0.80 to 2.68 eV (HSE06). The band gaps show a prevalent linear correlation with average ionization energies (AIEs) of different composites, and thus can be effectively designed. Furthermore, these materials exhibit superior carrier mobility, e.g. 2.96 × 103 cm-2 V-1 s-1 of T-SbBi, and considerable visible light absorption index. These novel 2D binary materials are expected to be fabricated and used as nanoelectronics and for solar energy harvesting.

Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) can be generated by a new ARMC5 germline variant (c.52C>T (p.Gln18X)).

Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing syndrome (CS). In many cases of the PMAH family, variant in ARMC5, a putative tumor suppressor gene, are thought to induce the disease. The purpose of this study was to report a large Chinese family, in which a new germline heterozygous variant of ARMC5 (c.52C>T (p.Gln18X)) was found. A 64-year-old female patient (proband) was admitted to the hospital due to bilateral adrenal masses. In order to clarify the nature and function of adrenal masses, the proband completed several relevant screening tests of the adrenal function. After an ectopic receptor screening test and genetic testing, a new ARMC5 gene variant was found that might had led to the occurrence of PMAH. Because of its characteristic of autosomal dominant inheritance, the proband's relatives were recommended to conduct the genetic test. We collected the family members' genetic information, in which have 27 individuals, the proband tested the whole exon sequence, and 12 participants tested the Sanger sequence. Finally, 7 individuals were found have the same germline variant of ARMC5 as the proband. Subsequent computer analysis predicted that the variant significantly impaired protein function and resulted in inactivation of ARMC5. We found a new germline ARMC5 variant (c.52C>T (p.Gln18X)), which may induced PMAH. ARMC5 sequencing can improve the identification of clinical forms of PMAH and allow early diagnosis of the disease.

Berberine prevents NAFLD and HCC by modulating metabolic disorders.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global metabolic disease with high prevalence in both adults and children. Importantly, NAFLD is becoming the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Berberine (BBR), a naturally occurring plant component, has been demonstrated to have advantageous effects on a number of metabolic pathways as well as the ability to kill liver tumor cells by causing cell death and other routes. This permits us to speculate and make assumptions about the value of BBR in the prevention and defense against NAFLD and HCC by a global modulation of metabolic disorders. Herein, we briefly describe the etiology of NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC, with a particular emphasis on analyzing the potential mechanisms of BBR in the treatment of NAFLD from aspects including increasing insulin sensitivity, controlling the intestinal milieu, and controlling lipid metabolism. We also elucidate the mechanism of BBR in the treatment of HCC. More significantly, we provided a list of clinical studies for BBR in NAFLD. Taking into account our conclusions and perspectives, we can make further progress in the treatment of BBR in NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC.

Protective effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661 against heavy metal mixture-induced liver and kidney injury in mice.

Human health and the ecological balance are both gravely threatened by heavy metal pollution brought on by global industrialization. Probiotics are thought to represent a novel class of medicinal products for reducing heavy metal toxicity. Though simultaneous poisoning of numerous heavy metals is more prevalent, the majority of current studies on probiotics in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning concentrate on a single heavy metal. Thus, a mouse damage model was created in this investigation using five heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and As), and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661 was utilized as an intervention therapy. The oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were evaluated in the blood, liver, and kidney tissues of mice throughout the experiment by tracking changes in body weight. Additionally, the amounts of five heavy metals were measured in the liver and kidney tissues. The alleviation of tissue damage and the detoxifying activity of L. plantarum CCFM8661 in mice with combined heavy metal intoxication were assessed by histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues. Results revealed that during the test period, L. plantarum CCFM8661 significantly reduced the content of MDA and the contents of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and As in liver and kidney tissues, while also significantly increasing weight gain and the activities of SOD, CAT, and T-AOC in mouse blood, liver, and kidney tissues compared to the model group. Mouse liver and kidney tissue damage from combined heavy metal exposure was considerably lessened by L. plantarum CCFM8661 when compared to the model group, according to H&E staining. This study demonstrates that L. plantarum CCFM8661 may be utilized as a useful intervention for the treatment of combined heavy metal poisoning by efficiently reducing the harm that heavy metals do to the body and maintaining bodily health.

Present situation and prospect of immunotherapy for unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer during peri-radiotherapy.

Four major studies (Checkmate577, Keynote-590, Checkmate649 and Attraction-4) of locally advanced esophageal cancer published in 2020 have established the importance of immunotherapy, represented by anti-programmed death protein (PD)-1 in postoperative adjuvant treatment and advanced first-line treatment of locally advanced or advanced esophageal cancer and esophagogastric junction cancer, from the aspects of proof of concept, long-term survival, overall survival rate and progression-free survival. For unresectable or inoperable nonmetastatic esophageal cancer, concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the standard treatment recommended by various guidelines. Because its curative effect is still not ideal, it is necessary to explore radical radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the future, and it is considered to be promising to combine them with immunotherapeutic drugs such as anti-PD-1. This paper mainly discusses how to combine radical concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy with immunotherapy for unresectable local advanced esophageal cancer.

Enhancing radiosensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer through targeting ELOB.

Enhancing radiotherapy sensitivity is crucial for improving treatment outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. In this study, we investigated the potential of targeting Elongin B (ELOB) to enhance radiotherapy efficacy in TNBC. Analysis of TNBC patient cohorts revealed a significant association between high ELOB expression and poor prognosis in patients who received radiation therapy. Mechanistically, we found that ELOB plays a pivotal role in regulating mitochondrial function via modulating mitochondrial DNA expression and activities of respiratory chain complexes. Targeting ELOB effectively modulated mitochondrial function, leading to enhanced radiosensitivity in TNBC cells. Our findings highlight the importance of ELOB as a potential therapeutic target for improving radiotherapy outcomes in TNBC. Further exploration of ELOB's role in enhancing radiotherapy efficacy may provide valuable insights for developing novel treatment strategies for TNBC patients.

Recent progress in the extraction of terpenoids from essential oils and separation of the enantiomers by GC-MS.

Terpenoids possess significant physiological activities and are rich in essential oils. Some terpenoids have chiral centers and could form enantiomers with distinct physiological activities. Therefore, the extraction and separation of terpenoids enantiomers are very important and have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Meanwhile, the specific distribution and enantiomer excess results (the excess of one enantiomer over the other in a mixture of enantiomers) could be used as quality markers for illegitimate adulteration, origin identification, and exploring component variations and functional interrelations across different plant tissues. In this study, an overview of the progress in the extraction of terpenoids from essential oils and the separation of their enantiomers over the past two decades has been made. Extraction methods were retrieved by the resultant network visualization findings. The results showed that the predominant methods are hydrodistillation, solvent-free microwave extraction, headspace solid-phase microextraction and supercritical fluid extraction methods. GC-MS combined with chiral chromatography columns is commonly used for the separation of enantiomers, while 2D GC is found to have stronger resolution ability. Finally, some prospects for future research directions in the extraction and separation identification of essential oils are proposed.

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury through a MicroRNA-150-5p-Dependent Mechanism.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) may exert a therapeutic benefit in alleviating sepsis-induced organ dysfunction by delivering cargos that include RNAs and proteins to target cells. The current study aims to explore the protective effect of miR-150-5p delivered by hADSC-EVs on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). We noted low expression of miR-150-5p in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from patients with sepsis-induced ALI. The hADSC-EVs were isolated and subsequently cocultured with macrophages. It was established that hADSC-EVs transferred miR-150-5p to macrophages, where miR-150-5p targeted HMGA2 to inhibit its expression and, consequently, inactivated the MAPK pathway. This effect contributed to the promotion of M2 polarization of macrophages and the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Further, mice were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture in vivo and treated with hADSC-EVs to elucidate the effect of hADSC-EVs on sepsis-induced ALI. The in vivo experimental results confirmed a suppressive role of hADSC-EVs in sepsis-induced ALI. Our findings suggest that hADSC-EV-mediated transfer of miR-150-5p may be a novel mechanism underlying the paracrine effects of hADSC-EVs on the M2 polarization of macrophages in sepsis-induced ALI.

Effect of succinylation-assisted glycosylation on the structural characteristics, emulsifying, and gel properties of walnut glutenin.

In this study, we examined the effects of various sodium alginate (ALG) concentrations (0.2%-0.8%) on the functional and physicochemical characteristics of succinylated walnut glutenin (GLU-SA). The results showed that acylation decreased the particle size and zeta potential of walnut glutenin (GLU) by 122- and 0.27-fold, respectively. In addition, the protein structure unfolded, providing conditions for glycosylation. After GLU-SA was combined with ALG, the surface hydrophobicity decreased and the net negative charge and disulfide bond content increased. The protein structure was analyzed by FTIR, Endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy, and SEM, and ALG prompted GLU-SA cross-linking to form a stable three-dimensional network structure. The results indicated that dual modification improved the functional properties of the complex, especially its potential protein gel and emulsifying properties. This research provide theoretical support and a technical reference for expanding the application of GLU in the processing of protein and oil products.

Don't Isolate Yourself in Workplace: A Serial Mediation Model of How Does Relationship Conflict Reduce Knowledge Employee's Creativity.

Past studies have revealed that relationship conflict has negative effects on individual performance. To avoid the losses caused by such conflicts, individuals often choose to avoid interacting with coworkers instead of confronting the issues. However, our present study sheds light on the dark side of this avoidance strategy: it may diminish an individual's creativity. Our study aimed to examine the appropriate response for knowledge employees when faced with relationship conflict. The results indicate that relationship conflict triggers a sequential response, which significantly hampers the creativity of knowledge employees. Specifically, coworker ostracism and knowledge hoarding play serial mediating roles in the impact of relationship conflict on the creativity of knowledge employees. Furthermore, the level of emotional intelligence determines the ability of knowledge employees to effectively manage the negative consequences of relationship conflict. The results provide theoretical and practical insights that help to better explain the impact of relationship conflict on creativity.

Autonomy support and prosocial impact facilitate meaningful work: A daily diary study.

This study pays attention to within-person fluctuations in meaningful work and its antecedents and consequences. Considering self- and other-oriented dimensions as crucial pathways to meaningful work, effects of daily perceived autonomy support and prosocial impact on one's meaningful work were examined. A daily diary study was conducted in which 86 nurses from varied hospitals reported their work experiences for 10 consecutive workdays (860 occasions). Results of multilevel modeling showed that both day-level perceived autonomy support and prosocial impact were positively related to day-level meaningful work, which served as the mediator between them and work engagement. Prosocial orientation strengthened the positive relationship between day-level perceived prosocial impact and day-level meaningful work. However, autonomy orientation negatively moderated the effect of day-level perceived autonomy support on day-level meaningful work, suggesting the necessity to distinguish between assisted and asserted autonomy orientation. Our findings illustrate the transient and dynamic nature of meaningful work and provide empirical evidences linking suggested managerial practices to employees' meaningful work.

Utility of CRISPR/Cas mediated electrochemical biosensors.

Electrochemical biosensors represent a class of sensors that employ biological materials as sensitive elements, electrodes as conversion elements, and potential or current as detection signals. The integration of CRISPR/Cas systems into electrochemical biosensors holds immense potential, offering enhanced versatility, heightened sensitivity and specificity, reduced recovery time, and the ability to capture and identify analytes at low concentrations. In this review, we provided a succinct summary of the fundamental principles underlying electrochemical biosensors and CRISPR/Cas systems, and new progress of electrochemical biosensors based on CRISPR/Cas systems in virus, bacteria, and cancer detections. Besides, we discussed its pros and cons, present gaps, potential problem-solvers, and future prospects. To sum up, CRISPR/Cas mediated electrochemical biosensors will surely benefit us a lot in the detection of cells and microorganisms, and of course in other promising fields.

Prognostic nutritional index predicts the prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play an important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). However, their efficacy is variable, and there are still no effective and convenient biomarkers to identify and assess their efficacy. In recent years, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and other commonly used biomarkers still cannot meet clinical needs. PNI is easy to obtain and its predictive value for the prognosis of immunotherapy has been confirmed in many cancer species, but the relationship between PNI and the efficacy of immunotherapy for esophageal cancer is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the predictive value of PNI in advanced esophageal cancer treated with ICIs. Methods: The clinicopathological features of 78 patients with advanced EC who received immunotherapy in the 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team from September 2018 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The laboratory test results within 10 days prior to the start of ICI treatment were recorded, including absolute lymphocyte count and albumin (ALB) level. Meanwhile, the effects of pre-treatment prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and body mass index (BMI) on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced EC were analyzed. Results: The median age of the enrolled patients was 58 years, and 38 patients (48.7%) received second-or-later-line therapy. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were 7.4 months and 13 months, respectively. The mPFS and mOS were 8.8 months and 15 months, respectively, in the high baseline PNI subgroup, which were significantly higher than those in the low baseline PNI subgroup (4.7 and 8.2 months, respectively; both P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that low baseline PNI was an independent predictor of poor PFS [hazard studio (HR) =0.35, 95% CI: 0.14-0.85, P=0.020) and poor OS (HR =0.41, 95% CI: 0.17-0.99, P=0.047) and treatment line was an independent predictor of PFS. Baseline BMI was not significantly associated with prognosis. Conclusions: PNI is a simple and effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis of immunotherapy in patients with advanced EC, although further prospective studies are warranted.

Monocyte-derived exosomal XIST exacerbates acute lung injury by regulating the miR-448-5p/HMGB2 axis.

Monocyte-derived exosomes (Exos) have been implicated in inflammation-related autoimmune/inflammatory diseases via transferring bioactive cargoes to recipient cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effect of monocyte-derived Exos on the initiation and the development of acute lung injury (ALI) by delivering long non-coding RNA XIST. Key factors and regulatory mechanisms in ALI were predicted by bioinformatics methods. BALB/c mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an ALI in vivo model and then injected with Exos isolated from monocytes transduced with sh-XIST to evaluate the effect of monocyte-derived exosomal XIST on ALI. HBE1 cells were co-cultured with Exos isolated from monocytes transduced with sh-XIST for further exploration of its effect. Luciferase reporter, RIP and RNA pull-down assays were performed to verify the interaction between miR-448-5p and XIST, miR-448-5p and HMGB2. miR-448-5p was significantly poorly expressed while XIST and HMGB2 were highly expressed in the LPS-induced mouse model of ALI. Monocyte-derived Exos transferred XIST into HBE1 cells where XIST competitively inhibited miR-448-5p and reduced the binding of miR-448-5p to HMGB2, thus upregulating the expression of HMGB2. Furthermore, in vivo data revealed that XIST delivered by monocyte-derived Exos downregulated miR-448-5p expression and up-regulated HMGB2 expression, ultimately contributing to ALI in mice. Overall, our results indicate that XIST delivered by monocyte-derived Exos aggravates ALI via regulating the miR-448-5p/HMGB2 signaling axis.