Long non coding RNA XIST as a prognostic cancer marker - A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The X inactivate-specific transcript (XIST), derived from XIST gene, is aberrantly expressed in various cancers. High-expression of XIST is related to poor clinical outcome. This meta-analysis evaluated the potential role of XIST as novel predictor of prognosis in human cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This meta-analysis collected eligible studies about XIST and tumor prognosis through retrieving keywords in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and the CNKI database, from 1993 to August 21, 2017. The quantitative meta-analysis was carried out with Stata SE12.0 and RevMan3.23 software. The aim was to determine whether XIST expression is associated with cancer prognosis and clinicopathology. RESULTS: A total of 858 patients from 10 eligible studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Overall, a significant negative association between XIST and overall survival (OS) time (HR = 2.62, 95% CI: 2.18-3.14) was observed. Statistical significance was also showed in subgroup meta-analysis stratified by the country, sample size, follow-up and publication year. It was reported that increased XIST was positively related to advanced clinical TNM stage (OR = 4.03, 95% CI: 2.22-7.30), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.73-4.21), distant metastasis (DM) (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.57-4.33) and tumor size (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.24-4.30). CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA XIST may serve as a potential biomarker to predict solid tumor prognosis. This molecule can be effectively used to predict the clinical and pathological features of cancers.

Differentially expressed microRNAs in the testis of male rats exposed to cigarette smoke: Screening and function verification / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To screen differentially expressed miRNAs in the testis of male rats exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and identify the early molecular markers of CS-induced apoptosis of testicular cells.@*METHODS@#We randomly divided 200 SPF male SD rats into blank control and low-dose (10 non-filter cigarettes/d), medium-dose (20 non-filter cigarettes/d) and high-dose (30 non-filter cigarettes/d) CS exposure groups. After 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks of CS exposure, we observed the histopathological changes of the testis by HE staining, detected the apoptosis of the testicular cells by TUNEL, and determined the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the testis tissue by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot. Based on the laboratory results, we selected 4 testicular samples from the 12-week high-dose group and another 4 from the control for miRNA microarray-based screening, bioinformatics analysis, and verification of differentially expressed miRNAs in all the animals by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the controls, the CS-exposed rats showed dose- and time-dependent increase in the atrophy of the testis and significantly increased number of apoptotic testis cells from the 6th week of exposure (P < 0.05), with dramatically up-regulated expressions of caspase-3 (P < 0.01) and caspase-9 protein and mRNA (P < 0.05) in the testis tissue. Microarray-based screening and RT-PCR revealed 5 differentially expressed miRNAs in the testis of the CS-exposed rats, of which miR-138-5p, miR-181d-5p, miR-19a-3p and miR-3588 were down-regulated, and miR-155-5p up-regulated, and the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs positively regulated the apoptosis of the testicular cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The differentially expressed miRNAs miR-155-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-181d-5p, miR-19a-3p and miR-3588 regulate CS-induced apoptosis of testicular cells, and may become biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CS-induced spermatogenesis obstruction.《.

Correlation between gut microbiota and FGF21 in mice with insulin resistance / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of normal glucose tolerance fecal microbiota transplantation ( FMT) on the gut microbiota in mice with insulin resistance(IR) and its correlation with FGF21 , and to explore the possible mechanisms of gut microbiota affecting IR.Methods After the establishment of IR model with high-fat diet feeding, 30 successful IR model mice were randomly divided into three groups; insulin resistance ( IR ) group, IR + metformin( Met) group, and IR + glucose tolerance normal fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)group, and blank control(Control) group, with 10 mice in each group.After eight weeks of administration, the body mass and fasting blood glucose of mice at 8th week were recorded, then the number of target bacteria in fecal samples and the mRNA expression levels of FGF21 and its receptors in liver, colon and ileum tissues were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR( RT-qPCR).Results ® Compared with control group, the body mass and fasting blood glucose increased in IR group mice, while the mRNA expression levels of FGF21/p-Klolho/FGFRl/FGFR4 in liver, colon and ileum tissues were down-regulated.The levels of Bacteroules and R.sarlorii were reduced in fecal samples, and the levels of P.distasonis, M.schaedleri and R.gnavus increased.These indices were reverted by Met and FMT treatment.(2) The expression of FGF21 was negatively correlated with FBG, P.distasonis , M.schaedleri and R.gnavus, and positively correlated with Bacteroides and B.sartorii.Conclusions FMT can increase the expression level of FGF21 and regulate gut microbiota, and the two are closely related , which may be one of the important mechanisms of FMT in improving insulin resistance.

The Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway Is Involved in Testicular Apoptosis Induced by Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Rats / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

In recent years, with the rapid increase of smoking in the world, male reproductive toxicity induced by cigarette smoking (CS) has attracted increasing attention. Studies have shown that long-term heavy smoking can lead to testicular damage in men, resulting in decreased semen quality, but the specific mechanism is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the regulation mechanism of the Bcl-2 signaling pathway in rat testicular apoptosis induced by CS exposure. SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into high, medium and low CS exposure groups (30, 20 and 10 non-filtered cigarettes/ day, respectively) and control groups. The rats in each group were treated with static exposure methods and were anesthetized after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks-CS exposure, respectively. The testicular organ coefficient was calculated, and the testicular histopathological changes and apoptosis in rats were detected. The mRNA and protein expressions of Apaf-1, Caspase-9, Bim, Bcl-w and Bak in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were detected. Results indicated that with the increase of exposure dose and duration, the weight of rats in exposure groups gradually decreased, the testis in exposure groups showed obvious pathological changes, and the testicular organ coefficient gradually decreased. Compared with the control groups, the testicular organ coefficient in the middle, high-dose groups at the 8th week and all groups at the 12th week significantly decreased (P 0. 05). In conclusion, long-term heavy smoking activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and induced testicular irreversible apoptotic damage. These results provide a scientific basis for further study of the molecular mechanism of male reproductive injury induced by cigarette smoking.

Accuracy of intercuspal occlusion in 3D reconstruction with the dental articulator position method / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction accuracy of the intercuspal occlusion (ICO) of the dental casts, by the dental articulator position method, and provide a reference for clinical application.@*METHODS@#The standard dental casts in ICO were mounted on average values articulator, and five pairs of milling resin cylinders were respectively attached to the base of both the casts. 100 μm articulating paper and occlusal record silicone rubber were used to detect the occlusal contact number between the posterior teeth of casts mounted on articulator in ICO. The occlusal contact numbers NA detected by the two methods were calculated simultaneously, as the reference. After the upper and lower casts were scanned separately, and the buccal data of casts in ICO were scanned with the aid of the dental articulator position, registration was carried out utilizing the registration software. Then the digital casts mounted in ICO as well as the buccal occlusal data were saved in standard tessellation language (STL) format. Geomagic Studio 2013 software was used to analyze the contact number NS between digital upper and lower casts by the "deviation analysis" function. The differences were compared between NS and NA, to evaluate the sensitivity and positive predict value (PPV) of the model scanner to reproduce the occlusal contact with the aid of dental articulator position. The distance DR between the centers of the circles at the top surface of the upper and lower corresponding cylinders was obtained by the three-coordinate measuring system Faro Edge, as the reference value. The Geomagic Studio 2013 software was used to construct the cylinders of digital casts and the distance DM between the centers of the circles at the top surface of the corresponding cylinders were measured, as the test value. The one-sample T test was used to analyze the variable differences between DM and DR.@*RESULTS@#The PPV of reproducing the occlusal contact point was 0.76 and sensitivity was 0.81. The distance error of the opposite cylinder was (0.232±0.089) mm. There was no statistical difference between the feature points 5-5', while there were statistical differences between the other feature points.@*CONCLUSION@#By the dental articulator position method, the model scanner reproduces the occlusal contact point with high sensitivity and PPV, and that meets clinical needs. Meanwhile, the distance between the feature points is greater than the reference value, which will lead to occlusal disturbance, and require clinical grinding.

Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018, so as to provide evidence for adjusting and developing the control strategy. Methods The data regarding the endemic situation were retrospectively collected and analyzed in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018. Results The prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections reduced from 0.450% in 2009 to 0.035% in 2018 in Wuhu City, and a reduction rate of 92.22% (χ2 = 1 6128.307, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of S. japonicum infections decreased from 0.483% in 2009 to 0 in 2018 (χ2 = 27.570, P < 0.01) in livestock. The area of snail habitats increased from 1 501.07 hm2 in 2009 to 4 408.62 hm2 in 2018, with an increase of 193.70%. No infected snails were found in Wuhu City since 2012, and no egg positives were detected in humans and livestock since 2016. Conclusions Currently, the endemic situation of schistosomiasis is at a low level in Wuhu City; however, there are still factors affecting schistosomiasis transmission. In the future, the integrated strategy with emphasis on the control of infectious source and the surveillance-response system should be intensified to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.

Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018, so as to provide evidence for adjusting and developing the control strategy. Methods The data regarding the endemic situation were retrospectively collected and analyzed in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018. Results The prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections reduced from 0.450% in 2009 to 0.035% in 2018 in Wuhu City, and a reduction rate of 92.22% (χ2 = 1 6128.307, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of S. japonicum infections decreased from 0.483% in 2009 to 0 in 2018 (χ2 = 27.570, P < 0.01) in livestock. The area of snail habitats increased from 1 501.07 hm2 in 2009 to 4 408.62 hm2 in 2018, with an increase of 193.70%. No infected snails were found in Wuhu City since 2012, and no egg positives were detected in humans and livestock since 2016. Conclusions Currently, the endemic situation of schistosomiasis is at a low level in Wuhu City; however, there are still factors affecting schistosomiasis transmission. In the future, the integrated strategy with emphasis on the control of infectious source and the surveillance-response system should be intensified to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.

Analysis of Transport Mechanism of Flavanomarein in MDCK Monolayer Cell Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the absorption and transport properties of flavanomarein in the Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK) monolayer cell model. Method:Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to investigate the toxicity of flavanomarein in MDCK cells. The resistance value of MDCK monolayer cell model was detected by Millicell-ERS-2 cell resistometer. The effects of mass concentration of flavanomarein,administration time,sodium-glucose cotransporter(SGLTs) inhibitor and glucose transporter 2(GLUT2) inhibitor on the transmembrane transport of flavanomarein were investigated. The concentration of flavanomarein was determined by UPLC-MS/MS, and the apparent permeability coefficient(Papp) and the efflux ratio(ER) were calculated. Result:When the concentration of flavanomarein was 5.625-120 mg·L-1, there was no significant toxic effect on MDCK cells. The transport of flavanomarein in MDCK monolayer cell model was time-dependent and concentration-dependent. The Papp values of flavanomarein were basically between 1×10-6 cm·s-1 to 10×10-6 cm·s-1. Compared with the blank group, the phlorizin group significantly reduced the transport of flavanomarein on the MDCK monolayer cell model at 60 min and 90 min. Conclusion:Flavanomarein is a moderately absorbed drug in the intestine, its transmembrane transport mechanism is dominated by passive transport along with active transport. SGLTs may be involved in mediating the transport of flavanomarein on the MDCK monolayer cell model.

Effect of Serum Free Light Chain on Renal Function and Prognosis in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the effect of serum free light chain (sFLC) on renal function and prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 70 newly diagnosed MM patients who received sFLC examination in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from April 2012 to November 2016. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the risk factors that associated with renal impairment (RI) and prognosis. Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyze were used to analyze the roles of sFLC in RI and the prognosis.@*RESULTS@#Out of the 70 patients, 20 patients had RI at the initial diagnosis. Compared to normal renal function group, RI group had lower level of hemoglobin, elevated levels of serum uric acid, corrected calcium, serum creatinine, serum β2 microglobulin, and involved sFLC, higher proportion of patients with ISS stage III, involved sFLC≥500 mg/L, hemodialysis (all P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum uric acid≥430 μmol/L, ISS stage III and a involved sFLC≥500 mg/L were all the independent risk factors for RI in patients with newly diagnosed MM patients (all P＜0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that the involved sFLC was 705.0 mg/L, which was a best cut-off value area under curve (AUC) for prediting RI in patients with MM was 0.727 (P=0.003), sensitivity was 65.0% and specificity was 82.0%). After a median follow-up period of 31 (1-84) months, the median overall survival (OS) of patients with involved sFLC≥500mg/L and involved sFLC＜500 mg/L were 52.0 and 27.0 months, respectively, there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.137). There was also no statistically significant difference in median OS between the high sFLC ratio group (κ/λ＞32 or ＜0.03) and the low sFLC ratio group (0.03≤κ/λ≤32) (27 months vs 40 months, P=0.436).@*CONCLUSION@#The involved sFLC in the RI group is significantly higher than that in the normal renal function group in newly diagnosed MM patients. Serum uric acid≥430 μmol/L, ISS stage III and involved sFLC≥500 mg/L are the independent risk factors for RI. Monitoring sFLC in newly diagnosed MM patients is helpful to the prediction of RI, and the involved sFLC level or sFLC ratio may not affect the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients.

In vivo study of 3D printed porous tantalum implant on osseointegration / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This work aims to investigate the effect of porous tantalum and porous titanium on osseointegration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two kinds of porous materials with same microporous parameters, namely, porous tantalum and porous titanium, were fabricated by computer-aided design (CAD) modeling and 3D printing technology. A defect model was established in 24 New Zealand white rabbits in the bilateral femoral lateral malleolus at the left and right side of each animal. Then, animals were randomly divided into two groups, and bone defects were repaired by porous tantalum and porous titanium (experimental and control groups, respectively). Animals were sacrificed at two, four, and eight weeks after implantation. Gross observation and methylene blue-acid fuchsin staining were used to observe osseointegration of the implant and bone interface, and the osseointegration strength of implant bone interface was tested by push-out test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At two, four, and eight weeks after operation, the new bone tissue in the two groups increased gradually, and new bone trabecula appeared and grew into the pores of the materials. No significant difference (P>0.05) in osteogenesis and the strength of implant bone tissue interface between the two groups was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>3D
printed porous tantalum implants, which exhibit comparable osseointegration capabilities to porous titanium implants, can form an early biological combination with bone tissue.</p>

Application of quality control circle to improve the correct rate of hand hygiene of laboratory staff / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the application efficacy of quality control circle(QCC) in hand hygiene(HH)management of laboratory staff.Methods Laboratory staff in a hospital in Neijiang from January to December 2016 wvere selected as the studied objects,QCC group of HH management of laboratory staff was established,causes of correct rate of HH in laboratory staff were analyzed,corresponding countermeasures were formulated and implemented;data before and after performing QCC activity were compared and analyzed,efficacy of activities was assessed.Results After implementing QCC activity,correct rate of HH in laboratory staff increased from 29.73％ to 91.04％,difference was significant(P＜0.001).At the same time,circle members' ability in QCC skill,responsibility,sense of honor,self confidence,cohesiveness were all promoted with varying degrees.Conclusion The implementation of QCC activities can not only improve the correct rate of HH of laboratory staff,but also enhance team confidence and cohesiveness,it is worthy of further clinical application.

Exosomes:their extraction and its research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy / 国际药学研究杂志

Exosomes are membrane vesicles secreted by various cells containing unique proteins and miRNA from secretory cells.They can reflect the physiological and pathological state of secretory cells,and play an important role in cell-to-cell communica?tion.In recent years,the exosomes have become the focus of research,which brings hope for diseases that can not be treated effective?ly.This review aims to summarize the extraction methods,biological markers of diabetic nephropathy(DN)and the potential of exo?somes as drug carriers,hoping to bring new ideas for future studies on the occurrence and development mechanisms as well as the treat?ment of DN.

Effect of protein intervention on amino acid metabolism spectrum of Qi and Yin deficiency type 2 diabetic rats / 中国中药杂志

To study the effect of plant protein and animal protein on amino acid metabolism spectrum of Qi and Yin deficiency type 2 diabetic rats. 110 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group (n=10), diabetic model group (n=20), disease-symptoms group (n=80). The rats of blank group received ordinary feeding, while other groups were fed with high sugar and fat diets. During the whole process of feeding, rats of disease-symptoms group were given with Qingpi-Fuzi (15.75 g•kg⁻¹) once a day through oral administration. Five weeks later, the rats were given with a low dose of STZ (40 mg•kg⁻¹) by intraperitoneal injection to establish experimental diabetic models. Then the models were randomly divided into disease-symptoms group 1 (Qi and Yin deficiency diabetic group, 15.75 g•kg⁻¹), disease-symptoms group 2 (plant protein group, 0.5 g•kg⁻¹), disease-symptoms group 3 (animal protein group, 0.5 g•kg⁻¹), disease-symptoms group 4 (berberine group, 0.1 g•kg⁻¹). The drugs were given for 4 weeks by gavage administration. After 4 weeks of protein intervention, the abdominal aortic blood was collected and serum was isolated to analyze its free amino acid by using AQC pre-column derivatization HPLC and fluorescence detector. Four weeks after the protein intervention, plant protein, animal protein and berberine had no obvious effect on body weight and blood sugar in type 2 diabetic rats. As compared with animal protein group, histidine and proline（P<0.01）, serine, glycine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, bright+isoleucine, phenylalanine and lysine（P<0.05）changed a lot in rats serum of plant protein group.The results showed that gavage administration of protein would produce effects on amino acid metabolism of Qi and Yin deficiency type 2 diabetic SD rats. Symbolic differential compounds could be found through metabonomics technology, providing experimental basis for early warning of type 2 diabetes and diagnosis of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome.

Progress in preparation of small monoclonal antibodies of knock out technique / 中国中药杂志

With the application of monoclonal antibody technology more and more widely, its production technology is becoming more and more perfect. Small molecule monoclonal antibody technology is becoming a hot research topic for people. The application of traditional Chinese medicine small molecule monoclonal antibody technology has been more and more widely, the technology for effective Chinese medicine component knockout provide strong technical support. The preparation of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule knockout technology are reviewed in this paper. The preparation of several steps, such as: in the process of preparation of antigen, hapten carrier coupling, coupling ratio determination and identification of artificial antigen and establishment of animal immunization and hybridoma cell lines of monoclonal antibody, the large-scale preparation; small molecule monoclonal antibody on Immune in affinity chromatography column method is discussed in detail. The author believes that this technology will make the traditional Chinese medicine research on a higher level, and improve the level of internationalization of Chinese medicine research.

Association between Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 5 Polymorphisms and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Han Chinese: a Case-control Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) variants (rs12363572 and rs4930588) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Han Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1842 T2DM cases (507 newly diagnosed cases and 1335 previously diagnosed cases) and 7777 controls were included in this case-control study. PCR-RFLP was conducted to detect the genotype of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to describe the strength of the association by logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the study subjects, neither rs12363572 nor rs4930588 was significantly associated with T2DM, even after adjusting for relevant covariates. When stratified by body mass index (BMI), the two SNPs were also not associated with T2DM. Among the 3 common haplotypes, only haplotype TT was associated with reduced risk of T2DM (OR 0.820, 95% CI 0.732-0.919). In addition, rs12363572 was associated with BMI (P<0.001) and rs4930588 was associated with triglyceride levels (P=0.043) in 507 newly diagnosed T2DM cases but not in healthy controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>No LRP5 variant was found to be associated with T2DM in Han Chinese, but haplotype TT was found to be associated with T2DM.</p>

Expression of neural salient serine/arginine-rich protein 1 (NSSR1) in the development of mouse brain / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of neural salient serine/arginine-rich protein 1 (NSSR1) in the development of mouse brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Brain samples were collected from mice with different developmental stages: 9, 12, 14 d before birth (E9, E12, E14) and 1 d, 3 weeks and 3 months after birth. The expression of NSSR1 in mouse brain at different developmental stages was detected by Western blot and the distribution of NSSR1 was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The expression and distribution of NSSR1 in mouse brain were compared among embryos, neonatal and adult animals.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During embryogenesis, the expression of NSSR1 proteins increases significantly from 0.186(E9) to 0.445(E14) and reached a high level after birth. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that in E12 embryos, NSSR1 was specifically distributed in the marginal and mantle layers. The expression of NSSR1 in hippocampus was very low in neonatal animals but stronger in adults. In cerebellar cortex, NSSR1 was widely expressed in purkinje and granule cells of adult animals, but mainly expressed in Purkinje cells in neonates.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of NSSR1 is regulated by the development of mouse brain and presents dynamic changes.</p>

Effects of Ca2+ on photosynthetic parameters of Pinellia ternata and accumulations of active components in heat stress / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of exogenous Ca2+ on photosynthetic parameters of Pinellia ternate and accumulations of active components under high temperature stress.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The pigment contents of P. ternata leaves, photosynthesis parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P. ternata leaves, the contents of guanosine, adenosine and polysaccharide in P. ternata tubers were measured based on different concentrations of exogenous Ca2+ in heat stress when the plant height of P. ternata was around 10 cm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of total chlorophyll and ratio of chlorophyll a/b were relatively higher by spaying Ca2+. Compared with the control, spaying 6 mmol x L(-1) Ca2+ significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration (Tr) and stomatal limitation (L8), but reduced intercellular CO2 concentration (C) in P. ternata leaves. With the increase of Ca2+ concentration, maximal PS II efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photosynthetic efficiency (Yield) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) initially increased and then decreased, however, minimal fluorescence (Fo) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) went down first and then went up. The contents of guanosine and polysaccharide and dry weight of P. ternata tubers showed a tendency of increase after decrease, and the content of adenosine increased with the increase of Ca2+ concentration. The content of guanosine and polysaccharide in P. ternata tubers and its dry weight reached maximum when spaying 6 mmol x L(-1) Ca2+.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the treatment of calcium ion, the inhibition of photosynthesis and the damage of PS II system were relieved in heat stress, which increased the production of P. ternata tubers.</p>

Clinical analysis of plastic bronchitis in 7 children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze 7 cases of plastic bronchitis in children,review the literature,and improve the understanding of the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods Seven children (6 male and 1 female) aged from 2 to 12 years with plastic bronchitis presenting cough,wheezing and dyspnea,who were treated in Nanjing Children's Hospital Afiliated to Nanjing Medical University from Sep.2006 to Mar.2012,were analyzed,respectively.The treatment of the 7 cases included flexible bronchoscopy or rigid bronchoscopy,supplemented by oxygen therapy,antibiotics,and atomizing inhalation.Results All 7 children had acute onset,in which 6 cases presented cough and polypnea,1 case presented emptysis.With the development of the disease,hypoxemia occurred.The chest Xray and Computerized Tomography examination showed pulmonary atelectasis in all 7 cases,while atelectasis and emphysema coexisted in 3 cases,pleural effusion in 3 cases.According to the obstructive site,1 case was in left bronchus and 6 cases in right.One case received rigid bronchoscopy,and 1 case received flexible bronchoscopy after taking rigid bronchoscopy,while 5 cases received flexible bronchoscopy.Five cases were cured after first operation,2 cases had second flexible bronchoscopy,and endogenous bronchial-shaped casts were removed under bronchoscopy.Pathological results showed the casts were classified as 6 cases of type Ⅰ,inflammatory,and 1 case of type Ⅱ,acellular.Four cases improved markedly,and 3 cases were cured.Conclusions Plastic bronchitis in children is a life-threatening disorder.Flexible bronchoscopy or rigid bronchoscopy extraction of branching plastic casts must be performed urgently for early diagnosis and good therapeutic result.

Bronchiolitis obliterans in 28 children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To recognize the clinical characteristics and treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in children.Methods Clinical analysis was done on data of 28 patients with BO diagnosed in Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from Dec.2001 to Aug.2012.Clinical manifestation,etiology,chest X-ray,computed tomography (CT),pulmonary function,flexible bronchoscopy,treatment and prognosis of the children were analyzed.Results Boys were common in all 28 children (20 boys and 8 girls) aged from 4 months to 7 years.All cases presented with persistent cough and wheezing for more than 6 weeks,and crackles as well as wheezing were heard.Twenty-three cases were post-infectious BO (PBO),and 5 cases occurred after Steven-Johnson syndrome(SJS).Pulmonary CT showed mosaic perfusion in all cases,atelectasis in 7 cases,and bronchiectasis in 4 cases.Lung function revealed obstructive ventilatory dysfunction in 16 cases,and mixed ventilatory dysfunction in 3 cases.Thirteen cases received flexible bronchoscopy,and the cell of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed increased level of neutrophils.All the cases received oral corticosteroid,azithromycin and inhalation of corticosteroid and bronchodilator,or oral leukotrienes receptor antagonists.After a follow-up in 23 cases for 5 months to 7 years,there was no death occurred.Besides 7 cases experienced regular treatment were ameliorated in clinical presentation,pulmonary imaging and function,the rests experenced persistent symptoms.Conclusions BO in children mostly follows lower respiratory tract infection and SJS.Diagnosis is made according to clinical productive cough and wheezing,mosaic perfusion in pulmonary CT and airway obstructions in pulmonary function.Corticosteroid is mainly used in treatment of BO,and its overall prognosis is poor.

Clinical and cytogenetic analysis of 45,X/46,XY individuals / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze main clinical manifestations and cytogenetic characteristics of patients with a 45,X/46,XY karyotype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>G-banding karyotype analysis was carried out. PCR was performed to detect azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletion in adult male patients and sex-determining region on Y chromosome (SRY) gene in all patients. Clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics were summarized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 9 individuals with 45,X/46,XY, there have been 7 males and 2 females. Six out of the 7 males have manifested primary infertility, which included 5 with azoospermia, 1 with oligospermia, and 1 with hypospadia. Three of the 6 infertile patients were found to have AZF microdeletions. Two females showed typical Turner syndrome. All of the 9 cases were SRY-positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 45,X/46,XY karyotype may result in a range of phenotypes. No correlation has been found between clinical manifestations and proportion of mosaicism cells for their peripheral blood karyotypes. As phenotypically normal male patients may produce sperm, infertile patients should undergo further examination at the molecular level.</p>