Coordination Synergy between Iridium Photosensitizers and Metal Nanoclusters Leading to Enhanced CO2 Cycloaddition under Mild Conditions.

The achievement of photocatalytic CO2 and epoxide cycloaddition under mild conditions such as room temperature and atmospheric pressure is important for green chemistry, which can be achieved by developing coordination synergies between catalysts and photosensitizers. In this context, we exploit the use of coordinate bonds to connect pyridine-appended iridium photosensitizers and catalysts for CO2 cycloaddition, which is systematically demonstrated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance titration and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. It is shown that the hybrid Ir(Cltpy)2/Mn2Cd4 photocatalytic system with coordination synergy exhibits excellent catalytic performance (yield ≈ 98.2%), which is 3.75 times higher than that of the comparative Ir(Cltpy-Ph)2/Mn2Cd4 system without coordination synergy (yield ≈ 26.2%), under mild conditions. The coordination between the Mn2Cd4 catalyst and the Ir(Cltpy)2 photosensitizer enhances the light absorption and photoresponse properties of the Mn2Cd4 catalyst. This has been confirmed through transient photocurrent, electrochemical impedance, and electron paramagnetic tests. Consequently, the efficiency of cycloaddition was enhanced by utilizing mild conditions.

Integrated analysis reveals potential long non-coding RNA biomarkers and their potential biological functions for disease free survival in gastric cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidences supported the association between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and disease free survival in gastric cancer (GC) patients. The purpose of the current study was to construct and verify a noninvasive preoperative predictive tool for disease free survival in GC patients. METHODS: There were 265 and 300 GC patients in model dataset and validation dataset respectively. The associations between the lncRNA biomarkers and disease free survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: Thirteen lncRNA biomarkers (GAS5-AS1, AL109615.3, KDM7A-DT, AP000866.2, KCNJ2-AS1, LINC00656, LINC01777, AC046185.3, TTTY14, LINC01526, LINC02523, LINC00592, and C5orf66) were identified as prognostic biomarkers with disease free survival. These thirteen lncRNA biomarkers were combined to construct a prognostic signature for disease free survival. The C-indexes of the current predictive signature in model cohort were 0.849 (95% CI 0.803-0.895), 0.859 (95% CI 0.813-0.905) and 0.888 (95% CI 0.842-0.934) for 1-year, 3-year and 5-year disease free survival respectively. Based on thirteen-lncRNA prognostic signature, patients in model cohort could be stratified into high risk group and low risk group with significant different disease free survival rate (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.355, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.378-12.356). Good reproducibility of thirteen-lncRNA prognostic signature was confirmed in an external validation cohort (GSE62254) with HR 3.919 and 95% CI 2.817-5.453. Further analysis demonstrated that the prognostic significance of thirteen-lncRNA prognostic signature was independent of other clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, a simple noninvasive prognostic signature was established for preoperative prediction of disease free survival in GC patients. This prognostic signature might predict the individual mortality risk of disease free survival without pathological information and facilitate individual treatment decision-making.

Understanding Chinese energy-environmental efficiency: performance, decomposition, and strategy.

Understanding energy-environmental efficiency is important for coordinating economic development and eco-environment protection through energy use; however, vague definitions and conflicting results confuse researchers and policymakers and impact China's high-quality development. After delimiting energy-environmental efficiency, this study employed the intermediate adjustment situation three-stage Slacks-Based Model Data Envelopment Analysis model to explore Chinese provincial energy-environmental efficiencies from 1995 to 2018, and discussed their impacts by regional strategies. The results illustrated that Chinese energy-environmental efficiencies were overestimated, and their national average value dropped from 0.573 to 0.361 after removing the influence of external environmental factors and random interference. Moreover, energy-environmental efficiencies in East China performed significantly better than other regions, with expanding gaps between regions existed. Moreover, China maintained low-scale efficiency and high pure energy-environmental efficiency, and the low-scale efficiency led to the worrisome energy-environmental efficiency. Fortunately, pure energy-environmental efficiencies were promising, but their downward trends that started in 2002 should be a warning. Unexpectedly, the regional strategies held various impacts, they benefitted overall energy-environmental efficiency and scale efficiency, but not help pure energy-environmental efficiency, and the impacts were weak and short time. Policymakers should improve scale efficiency and formulate regional strategies in a timely manner to maintain energy-environmental efficiency improvement.

Impact of carbon lock-in on green economic efficiency: Evidence from Chinese provincial data.

Carbon lock-in is a major obstacle to transforming carbon-based energy systems toward carbon peaking and neutralization, affecting the green economy. However, its impacts and paths on green development are unclear, and it is difficult to represent carbon lock-in using a single indicator. This study measures five types of carbon lock-ins and their comprehensive effect using the entropy index of 22 indirect indicators in 31 Chinese provinces during 1995-2021. Moreover, green economic efficiencies are measured using a fuzzy slacks-based model considering undesirable outputs. The panel Tobit models are used to test the impacts of carbon lock-ins on green economic efficiencies and their decompositions. Our results show that provincial carbon lock-ins in China range from 0.20 to 0.80, with notable type and regional differences. Overall carbon lock-in levels are similar, but the severity of different carbon lock-in types varies, with social behavior being the most serious. However, the overall trend of carbon lock-ins is declining. Low pure green economic efficiencies, rather than scale efficiencies, contribute to China's worrisome green economic efficiencies, but they are decreasing and accompanied by regional gaps. Carbon lock-in hinders green development, but a specific analysis is needed for different carbon lock-in types and development phases. It is biased to assume that all carbon lock-ins hinder sustainable development, as some are even necessary. The impacts of carbon lock-in on green economic efficiency depend more on its effect on technology than on scale change. Implementing various measures to unlock carbon and maintaining reasonable levels of carbon lock-in can promote high-quality development. This paper may promote the development of new unlocking CLI measures and sustainable development policies.

Development and validation of a prognostic signature for preoperative prediction of overall survival in gastric cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: As a serious challenge for public health, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients is still poor. The current study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic signature to predict the overall survival of gastric cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The dataset in the present study was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The present study finally included 343 gastric cancer patients with information on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression and overall survival. RESULTS: A prognostic model named Eleven-lncRNA signature was constructed according to the expression values of eleven prognostic lncRNA predictors identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression model. According to time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, the Harrell's concordance indexes of Eleven-lncRNA signature were 0.764 (95% CI 0.720-0.808), 0.776 (95% CI 0.732-0.820), and 0.807 (95% CI 0.763-0.851) for 1-year overall survival, 3-year overall survival, and 5-year overall survival respectively in the model group. In the validation group, the Harrell's concordance indexes of Eleven-lncRNA signature were 0.748 (95% CI 0.704-0.792), 0.794 (95% CI 0.750-0.838), and 0.798 (95% CI 0.754-0.842) for 1-year overall survival, 3-year overall survival, and 5-year overall survival respectively. The gastric cancer patients (n=343) in the model group could be stratified into low-risk group (n=171) and high-risk group (n=172) according to the median of Eleven-lncRNA signature score. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the mortality rate in the high-risk group was significantly poorer than that in the low-risk group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study constructed and validated a prognostic model named Eleven-lncRNA signature for preoperative individual mortality risk prediction in gastric cancer patients. This Eleven-lncRNA signature can predict the individual mortality risk of gastric cancer patients and is helpful in improving clinical decision making regarding individualized treatment.