To increase the incorporation efficiency of genetically encoding Nε-acetyllysine in recombinant protein.

Reversible Nε-lysine (Nε-Lys) acetylation is a dynamic post-translational modification. Genetic incorporation of Nε-acetyllysine (Nε-AcK) into the specific site of a protein is a powerful method for producing recombinant protein with acetylation and studying the functional role of protein acetylation. Because of the universal existence of deacetylase such as CobB in vivo, the acetyl group of Nε-AcK may be removed from recombinant protein. So in the process of incorporating acetyl lysine into protein, nicotinamide (NAM), a lysine deacetylase (KDAC) inhibitor, is needed to inhibit the KDAC activity and protect the acetyl group of Nε-acetyllysine incorporated from removal in vivo. In this study, we knocked out cobB gene from an E. coli strain and used it as host for incorporating of Nε-AcK into recombinant protein by expanding genetic code. Comparing with the addition of KDAC inhibitor, this is a novel method to protect the acetyl group of Nε-acetyllysine from deacetylation by using cobB knockout strain. Thus, this method provides a better way for protecting recombinant acetylated protein from deacetylation. By knocking out cobB gene from the strain of E. coli, we successfully produced homogeneous acetylated protein by expanding genetic code with a high effectiveness. This method will also provide a good reference for genetically introducing other varieties of modified amino acids into protein.

[Clinical outcomes and bone resection analysis of unilateral double-channel endoscopic technique in treating lumbar disc herniation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical outcomes and bone resection of interlaminar fenestration decompression and unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) technique in treating lumbar disc herniation(LDH). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 105 patients with single-level LDH treated from December 2019 to December 2021. Fifty-four patients in UBE group,including 32 males and 22 females,aged from 18 to 50 years old with an average of(38.7±9.3) years old,were treated with UBE,29 patients with L4,5 and 25 patients with L5S1. There were 51 patients in small fenestration group,including 27 males and 24 females,aged from 18 to 50 years old with an average of (39.9±10.0) years old,were treated with small fenestration,25 patients with L4,5 and 26 patients with L5S1. Perioperative indexes,such as operation time,postoperative time of getting out of bed and hospital stay were observed and compared between two groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were compared between two groups before operation and 1,3,6 and 12 months after operation,respectively;and modified MacNab evaluation criteria was used to evaluate clinical efficacy. Amount of bone resection and retention rate of inferior articular process laminoid complex were compared between two groups. RESULTS: All 105 patients were successfully completed operation. Both of two groups were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an average of (10.69±2.49) months. Operation time,postoperative time of getting out of bed and hospital stay were (58.20±5.54) min,(2.40±0.57) d and (3.80±0.61) d in UBE group,and (62.90±7.14) min,(4.40±0.64) d and (4.40±0.64) d in small fenestrum group,respectively;and had statistically difference between two groups(P<0.05). Postoperative VAS of low back and leg pain and ODI in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery (P<0.05). VAS of lumbar pain in UBE group (1.37±0.49) score was lower than that of small fenestration group (2.45±0.64) score,and had statistically difference (t=9.745,P<0.05). Postoperative ODI in UBE group at 1 and 3 months were (28.54±3.31) % and (22.87±3.23) %,respectively,which were lower than those in small fenestra group (36.31±9.08) % and (29.90±8.36) %,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in VAS and ODI between two groups at other time points (P>0.05). According to the modified MacNab evaluation criteria at the latest follow-up,49 patients got excellent result,3 good,and 2 fair in UBE group. In small fenestration group,35 patients got excellent,12 good,and 4 fair. In UBE group,amount of bone resection on L4,5 segment was (0.45±0.08) cm3 and (0.31±0.08) cm3 on the segment of L5S1. In small fenestration group,amount of bone resection on L4,5 segment was (0.57±0.07) cm3 and (0.49±0.04) cm3 on the segment of L5S1,and amount of bone resection of lower articular process laminar complex on the same segment in UBE group was less than that in small fenestration group (P<0.05). In UBE group,retention rate of laminoid complex on L4,5 segment was (0.73±0.04) and L5S1 segment was (0.83±0.03),while L4,5 segment was(0.68±0.06) and L5S1 segment was (0.74±0.04) in small fenestration group,the lower articular process laminar complex retention rate in UBE group was higher than that in small fenestration group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both unilateral double-channel endoscopy and small fenestration of laminae could achieve good clinical results in treating LDH,but UBE has advantages of less trauma,higher efficiency,faster postoperative recovery and less damage to bone structure.

Finite element mechanical analysis of ipsilateral approach and contralateral approach in unilateral bilateral endoscopic spine surgery.

BACKGROUND: Unilateral bilateral endoscopic spine surgery (UBE) is often performed to treat lumbar spinal stenosis and disc herniation. It has become a prominent method in endoscopic spine surgery because of its very low learning curve and broader operative field of vision. Currently, the ipsilateral approach and contralateral approach have been established for disc herniation in the foraminal area, intervertebral foramen region, or pedicle region. The contralateral method offers many benefits over the ipsilateral approach, including less bone labour during microsurgical decompression and the preservation of facet joints. However, because it uses the interlaminar window approach, it inevitably involves osteotomy of the patient's superior and inferior articular processes, which may result in corresponding deterioration in the spine's biomechanical stability and subsequent adjacent facet joint diseases caused by facet joint degeneration postoperatively. OBJECTIVE: As a result, the purpose of this work is to use a finite element model to evaluate how the ipsilateral approach and contralateral approach in unilateral bilateral endoscopic spine surgery affect spinal stability while treating identical intervertebral disc herniation. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, a three-dimensional lumbar-sacral spine model was built and verified. Osteotomies were conducted for armpit-type lumbar disc herniation (LDH), periradicular-type LDH, and shoulder-type LDH. Postoperative lumbar spine models of the ipsilateral approach and contralateral approach in unilateral bilateral endoscopic spine surgery were developed. The von Mises stress on the endplate, shear force on the annulus fibrosus, pressure inside the intervertebral disc, and range of motion (ROM) of the L3 segment were all determined. The results of our well-validated model showed that osteotomy done in the ipsilateral approach deteriorated most biomechanical metrics. RESULTS: In the majority of loading conditions, the contralateral approach caused the intervertebral disc's biomechanical properties to increase, and the ipsilateral approach caused the intervertebral disc's biomechanical properties to increase sharply more than the contralateral approach. CONCLUSION: The contralateral approach, which is now extensively employed in unilateral bilateral endoscopic spine surgery, may be regarded as an ideal surgical alternative for treating lumbar disc herniation without producing iatrogenic instability. This approach has a low facet joint reduction rate, minimum soft tissue injury, and precisely identifies the midline of the central spinal canal during the retraction of the thecal sac and nerve roots.

Multifunctional Multigate One-Transistor with Thin Advanced Materials, Logic-in-Memory, and Artificial Synaptic Behaviors.

The high device density and fabrication complexity have hampered the development of the electronics. The advanced designs, which could implement the functions of the circuits with higher device density but less fabrication complexity, are hence required. Meanwhile, the MoS2-based devices have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their advantages such as the ultrathin thickness. However, the MoS2-based multifunctional multigate one-transistor (MGT) designs with logic-in-memory and artificial synaptic functions have rarely been reported. Here, an MGT structure based on the MoS2 channel is proposed, with both the logic-in-memory and artificial synaptic behaviors and with more controllable processes than the manual transfer. The proposed MoS2-based MGT functions could be attributed to the semijunction mechanism and enhanced effect of the additional terminals with improved controllability. This study is the first to demonstrate that the neuromorphic computing, logic gate, and memory functions can all be achieved in a MoS2 MGT device without using any additional layers or plasticity to a transistor. The reported results provide a new strategy for developing brain-like systems and next-generation electronics using multifunctional designs and ultrathin materials.

Determinants of financial poverty alleviation efficiency: Evidence from Henan, China.

Poverty alleviation is a common cause for all human beings. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of financial poverty alleviation in 18 cities in Henan, China, and to explore the factors affecting the efficiency of financial poverty alleviation, so as to contribute new knowledge to the cause of poverty alleviation. Based on the relevant data of 18 cities in Henan, using output-oriented DEA model and Tobit regression model with bootstrap method, this study evaluates the efficiency of financial poverty alleviation in various cities in Henan, and explores the determinants of the efficiency of financial poverty alleviation. The results show that the overall poverty alleviation efficiency of Henan is high, and the financial poverty alleviation efficiencies of different cities show distinct heterogeneities. The efficiencies of financial poverty alleviation in Zhengzhou and Luoyang are 1, and there are different spaces for improvement in the efficiency of financial poverty alleviation in other cities. Financial subsidies are the most important positive factors affecting the efficiency of financial poverty alleviation. For every 1% increase in the value of financial subsidies, the poverty alleviation efficiency will increase by 0.213%. The urban-rural dualistic economic structure is negatively correlated with the efficiency of financial poverty alleviation. Every 1% increase in the value of the urban-rural dualistic economic structure will reduce the poverty alleviation efficiency by 0.11%. Industrial structure is positively related to the efficiency of financial poverty alleviation. For every 1% increase in the value of the industrial structure, the poverty alleviation efficiency will increase by 0.072%. The formulation of financial poverty alleviation policies in various regions should be combined with their own characteristics, and promote the efficiency of financial poverty alleviation by strengthening the advantages and making up for the deficiencies.

Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA-binding and cytotoxicity in vitro of novel cis-Pt(II) and trans-Pd(II) pyridine carboxamide complexes.

In an attempt to establish fundamental structure-activity relationships (SAR) of Pt/Pd-based anti-tumour compounds, we have recently designed monodentate pyridyl amide ligand containing central amide units which possess external metal co-ordinating pyridyl group and internal amide functionality. It was prepared in one step from commercially available compounds in moderate to good yield. Surprisingly, treatment of K(2)[MCl(4)] [M=Pt(II), Pd(II)] with ligand N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide (L) in the same reaction condition affords two different hydrogen-bonded polymers: cis-[PtL(2)Cl(2)]·CH(3)OH·DMF (1) and trans-[PdL(2)Cl(2)]·2DMF (2). Fluorescence analysis indicates that the two complexes can bind to fish sperm DNA (FS-DNA) and gel electrophoresis assay demonstrates the ability of the complexes to cleave the pBR322 plasmid DNA. The two complexes exhibit cytotoxic specificity and significant cancer cell inhibitory rate. Furthermore, cytotoxicity values are higher in the case of cis-Pt(II) complex than trans-Pd(II) complex in four different cancer cell lines.

Bis[N-(4-chloro-phen-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide]-silver(I) nitrate.

In the title compound, [Ag(C(12)H(9)ClN(2)O)(2)]NO(3), two N atoms from two pyridine rings of two N-(4-chloro-phen-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide ligands coordinate to the Ag(I) atom, forming a nearly linear geometry with an N-Ag-N angle of 173.41 (7)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by N-H⋯O, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.5469 (16) Å] between the pyridyl and benzene rings. The shortest Ag⋯Ag distance is 3.2574 (5) Å.

Bis[1-hydroxy-ethyl-idenediphosphon-ato(1-)](1,10-phenanthroline)nickel(II) mono-hydrate.

In the mononuclear title compound, [Ni(C(2)H(6)O(7)P(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))]·H(2)O, the Ni(II) atom (site symmetry 2) is bonded to two phosphate-based O,O'-bidentate chelate ligands and one N,N'-bidentate 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, resulting in a slightly distorted cis-NiN(2)O(4) octa-hedral geometry. In the crystal structure, pairs of complexes are linked by double hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional chain-like structure. Aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid separation = 3.768 (2) Å] and further hydrogen bonds generate a two-dimensional structure. The water O atom also lies on a crystallographic twofold axis.

3,3'-(Ethane-1,2-di-yl)bis-(2-thioxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(8)H(8)N(2)O(4)S(2), contains one half of a centrosymmetric mol-ecule. A short C⋯O distance of 3.012 (4) Šbetween the carbonyl groups of neighbouring mol-ecules indicates the presence of dipole-dipole inter-actions. The crystal packing exhibits also weak inter-molecular O⋯S [3.239 (3) Å] and C-H⋯O inter-actions.

Bis[4-(2-hydroxy-benzyl-amino)phen-yl] ether.

The title compound, C(26)H(24)N(2)O(3), was synthesized by reduction of the corresponding Schiff base. The mol-ecule does not possess crystallographic or non-crystallographic symmetry. The dihedral angle between the oxygen-bridged benzene rings is 67.98 (8)°. Both hydroxyl groups are involved in O-H⋯O intra-molecular hydrogen bonding. The mol-ecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to the (010) plane by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.