The Role of Religion and Religiosity in Health-Promoting Care for the Body During the Lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt, Poland and Romania.

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), as a widespread health threat, has triggered an increase in health-related behaviours, both pro-and anti-health, especially with regard to diet and physical activity. One of the factors modifying the intensity of such activities may be the religious doctrine and religiosity with which a person is associated. A total of 1502 people (1147 women) from countries that feature one dominant religion, took part in the study. Participants represented Sunni Islam (Egypt, n = 798), Roman Catholicism (Poland, n = 443) and Orthodox Christianity (Romania, n = 261). The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Eating Attitudes Test and the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives were used in the study. Fear of COVID-19 is associated with engagement in pro-health activity, although not to such a significant extent as might be expected. The type of religion in question was revealed to moderate this relationship, but the intensity of religiosity was not found to serve as a moderator.

Plasma activated Ezhangfeng Cuji as innovative antifungal agent and its inactivation mechanism.

Candida albicans is a highly drug-resistant fungus for which new treatments are urgently needed due to the lack of clinically effective options. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity and mechanism of plasma-activated Ezhangfeng Cuji (PAEC) against Candida albicans and compared it with physiological saline (PS), plasma-activated physiological saline (PAPS) and Ezhangfeng Cuji (EC). After dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment with EC for 20 min followed by a 10 min immersion of Candida albicans, the fungus was reduced by approximately 3 orders of magnitude. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed an increase of 41.18% and 129.88% in the concentration of oxymatrine and rhein, respectively, after plasma-treated EC. The concentrations of reactive species (RS), such as H2O2, [Formula: see text], and O3, were found to be higher and the pH value was getting lower in PS after plasma treatment. Detailed analysis of intracellular material leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis for Candida albicans and observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that PAPS, EC and PAEC disrupt the morphological structure of Candida albicans to varying degrees.Additionally, specific analyses on Candida albicans virulence factors, such as adhesion to tissue surfaces, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), the transition of yeast-phase cells to mycelium-phase cells, and the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes for Candida albicans were conducted and found to be inhibited after PAPS/EC/PAEC treatment. In our investigation, the inhibitory effects on Candida albicans were ranked from strong to weak as follows: PAEC, EC, PAPS, and PS.

Sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise in young men: A Polish-Chinese comparison.

Background: Obligatory exercise has been shown to have negative physical and mental effects on exercisers and is more prevalent among young people. However, there is limited research on obligatory exercise among young men. Social comparison theory offers a novel perspective to explore the relationship between sociocultural factors and obligatory exercise among young men, which offers an opportunity to understand potential factors contributing to obligatory exercise among young men across different cultures. Method: We recruited a purposive sample of young people aged 18-30 from Poland (n=79) and China (n=194). Participants completed self-report measures including the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire3, Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives, and Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire. In the data analysis stage, we examined the strength of the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable through multiple regression analysis, and tested the role of the mediating variables. Results: The main analyses revealed that Internalization-Athlete was a common direct predictor of obligatory exercise for both Polish and Chinese young men; that there were direct sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise that were only used in relation to Polish or Chinese young men; and that social adaptation goals for motivation for physical activity mediated the development of obligatory exercise for Polish and Chinese young men, and that there were cross-cultural differences. Conclusion: Attention should be paid to their attitudes towards the idea of a muscular and athletic body and socially adapted physical activity motivations when understanding young men's obligatory exercise, while also considering cross-cultural differences.

Socio-cultural attitudes toward the body as a predictor of motivation for physical activity in young people brought up in Asian and European culture-Chinese-Polish comparison.

The influence of sociocultural attitudes toward the body on young people's physical activity has received increasing attention. However, there is a lack of cross-cultural research in this area. The main aim of this research was to identify the similarities and differences in the sociocultural attitudes toward the body of Polish and Chinese young people who grew up in European and Asian cultures and to analyze their effect on the motivation for physical activity. A cross-sectional research study was conducted among 18- to 30-year-old Polish (n = 259) and Chinese (n = 208) young people. The variables were measured using the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire 3 (SATAQ 3) and the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO). Descriptive and comparative statistics, Spearman's rho, and the stepwise multiple regression analysis were used. The main analysis showed There are both similarities and significant differences in the performance of young Polish and Chinese men and women on the variables studied; Internalization-Athlete, Pressures, and Internalization-General are universal sociocultural predictors of motivation for physical activity among young people in Poland and China; Information is a specific sociocultural predictor of motivation for physical activity in Polish young people. The cultural nuances need to be considered in understanding young people's Motivation for undertaking physical activity.

Analysis of the Impacts on the Psychological Changes of Chinese Returning College Students After the Outbreak of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease.

This work aims to analyze the impacts on the psychological changes of Chinese returning college students after the outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A questionnaire survey is used to take 1,482 college students who returned to school after the epidemic as the research objects. The Chinese college students' knowledge of the epidemic, alienation in physical education class, school happiness, and expectations for a healthy life in the future are investigated and analyzed. The research results manifest that Chinese returning college students have relatively poor awareness of COVID-19, and the overall degree of alienation in physical education classes after the epidemic is low, with an average score of 3.55 ± 1.018. The overall level of school happiness is high, with an average score of 4.94 ± 0.883; the overall level of expectation for a healthy life in the future is high, with an average score of 3.50 ± 0.840. It denotes that the epidemic has a great psychological impact on returning college students, and it is necessary to strengthen mental health education for college students after COVID-19. It provides a sustainable theoretical reference for the formulation of psychological intervention measures for returning college students.

Influence of Cooperative Learning Intervention on the Intrinsic Motivation of Physical Education Students-A Meta-Analysis within a Limited Range.

This study was conducted to explore physical education students' intrinsic motivation and clarify the influence mechanism of cooperative learning methods on learning intrinsic motivation through meta-analysis. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) criteria, we screened literature from the years 2000-2020. The included literature underwent bias analysis on the basis of the five criteria proposed herein. Data were extracted and summarized from the included literature to analyze the causality before and after cooperative learning intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine principal factors affecting physical education students' learning intrinsic motivation. Simultaneously, the influencing mechanism of cooperative learning on physical education students' intrinsic motivation was clarified. Results revealed that intrinsic motivation had a high total effect amount. In the experimental group, only three documents determined the significant influence of cooperative learning on physical education students' intrinsic motivation. Moreover, the time and age differences needed to be considered thoroughly during the intervention. Therefore, cooperative learning intervention can improve physical education students' intrinsic motivation significantly, and meta-analysis provided a theoretical foundation for applying cooperative learning to the teaching of physical education majors.

Sports Gamification: Evaluation of Its Impact on Learning Motivation and Performance in Higher Education.

In this study, the impacts of sports gamification on college students' learning motivation and learning performances were explored by training students majoring in physical education to play tennis. A total of 150 students from a physical education college were selected to participate in this experimental teaching, and they were divided into the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). Based on the above purposes, the differences in the teaching methods and teaching objectives of the EG and the CG is that the former uses games as a key method in tennis teaching. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires, with the purpose of evaluating the learning motivation of tennis before and after sports game intervention. Additionally, the differentiated learning motivation and learning performance between EG and CG before and after experimental teaching was tested and evaluated. Results demonstrate that students in the EG have significantly increased their intrinsic motivation and introjected regulation, thereby showing better results than CG in key test items. In addition, the above result reveals the positive role of sports gamification in promoting the learning motivation and performance of college students.

Optimization of a Sports Activity Development Model Using Artificial Intelligence under New Curriculum Reform.

The recent curriculum reform in China puts forward higher requirements for the development of physical education. In order to further improve students' physical quality and motor skills, the traditional model was improved to address the lack of accuracy in motion recognition and detection of physical condition so as to assist teachers to improve students' physical quality. First, the physical education teaching activities required by the new curriculum reform were studied with regard to the actual needs of China's current social, political, and economic development; next, the application of artificial intelligence technology to physical education teaching activities was proposed; and finally, deep learning technology was studied and a human movement recognition model based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network was established to identify the movement state of students in physical education teaching activities. The designed model includes three components: data acquisition, data calculation, and data visualization. The functions of each layer were introduced; then, the intelligent wearable system was adopted to detect the status of students and a feedback system was established to assist teaching; and finally, the dataset was constructed to train and test the designed model. The experimental results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy and loss value of the training model meet the practical requirements; in the algorithm test, the motion recognition accuracy of the designed model for different subjects was greater than 97.5%. Compared with the traditional human motion recognition algorithm, the designed model had a better recognition effect. Hence, the designed model can meet the actual needs of physical education. This exploration provides a new perspective for promoting the intelligent development of physical education.

Fear of COVID-19 changes the motivation for physical activity participation: Polish-Chinese comparisons.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has brought people many negative emotions, such as fear and anxiety about the epidemic. However, when people in different countries face the COVID-19 epidemic, the impact is also different due to different cultural and sports habits. Therefore, this study compares China and Poland's sports motivations in the face of COVID-19 anxiety to find out the cultural differences behind them. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: In the study were N = 674 participants (female n = 407, male n = 260, other n = 4). Their average age was M = 29.86, SD = 11.03. There were n = 381 participants in the Chinese sample, and n = 293 in Polish. The scales used for the purpose of the study were the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). RESULTS: The study results showed that the increased level of COVID-19 anxiety changed selected motives for physical activity, and different changes of motives characterized women and men as well as people of different ages. As predicted in the study model, culture was the moderator of the shifts of the selected motives. CONCLUSIONS: The understanding of what motivates individuals to participate in sport seems to have significant value, especially for health practitioners and researchers to design appropriate interventions and programs to increase activity.

The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education of Entrepreneurs on the Entrepreneurial Psychology of Sports Majors From the Perspective of Pedagogy.

In recent years, with the continuous reform and innovation of the sports industry, the national training of sports talents has gradually developed into the training mode of skilled sports talents and professional talents in the field of sports. Therefore, the research on the influence of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial psychology of sports majors has become the inevitable requirement of the development of the sports industry. The purposes are to understand the entrepreneurial psychology and its influencing factors of the students in sports majors after graduation and promote more suitable college students to start businesses and realize self-value. With the students in sports majors in four colleges of Y province as the research object, the typical model in psychology, planning behavior model, is taken as the basic theoretical basis. The questionnaire method combined with the data mining technology based on the decision tree model is adopted to study the influencing factors of entrepreneurial psychology of sports majors. It focuses on the influencing factors and mechanisms of the entrepreneurial drive of sports students. The results show that the three factors, namely, entrepreneurial behavior attitude, entrepreneurial subjective norms, and entrepreneurial perceptual behavior control, are different and interrelated. They are inseparable and can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. Three factors jointly drive the entrepreneurial behavior of students in sports majors. The entrepreneurial drive of students in sports majors in Y province is a dynamic system mechanism, which is analyzed using data mining technology. The entrepreneurial perceptual behavior control is the core factor affecting the entrepreneurial drive of students in sports majors. However, the success rate of entrepreneurs will be higher when the three elements play a reasonable role. The subjective factors driving their entrepreneurship will be reduced in direct proportion when entrepreneurs are deficient in one aspect.

[Baicalin inhibits the activity of keratinocytes in psoriasis by activating Notch signaling pathway].

Objective To investigate the effect of baicalin on the viability and cell cycle of psoriatic keratinocytes and its possible mechanism. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the viability of keratinocytes treated by 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 300 µg/mL baicalin for 48 hours. The cell cycle and apoptotic rate were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of ki67, Fas, and caspase-3 were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and the protein expression of Notch 1, Jagged 1 and Hes l in the keratinocytes were observed by Western blot analysis. Results The viability of keratinocytes was inhibited by baicalin in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalin (200 µg/mL) significantly promoted the apoptosis of keratinocytes, arrested the S phase, inhibited the mRNA expression of ki67, increased the Fas and caspase-3 levels, down-regulated the protein expression of Jagged 1, and up-regulated the Notch 1 and Hes protein levels. Conclusion Baicalin can significantly inhibit the viability of keratinocytes and promote cell apoptosis, probably by activating Notch signaling pathway.

[Analyses of genetic model of psoriasis vulgaris].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible genetic model of psoriasis vulgaris. METHODS: The complex segregation analysis and heritability calculation were performed with the aid of Penrose method, Falconer regression method and SAGE-REGTL program. RESULTS: It was found that in 1043 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, 305 patients (29.24%) have the family history of psoriasis, and 738 patients have not the family history. A ratio of s/q approached 1/(square root of q) with Penrose method, and the heritability values of psoriasis in the first-degree and second-degree relatives were 67.04%, 46.6% respectively. By complex segregation analysis, Mendelian, non-major-gene model and environment model were rejected for psoriasis. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that psoriasis follows a pattern of polygenetic or multifactorial inheritance rather than single-gene inheritance.