Poly[diaqua-(µ(3)-succinato)cadmium(II)].

The title compound, [Cd(C(4)H(4)O(4))(H(2)O)(2)](n), has been synthesized under hydro-thermal conditions. The asymmetric unit consists of one Cd(2+) cation, one succinate anion and two aqua ligands. The Cd atoms present a distorted penta-gonal bipyramidal coordination and are bridged into layers parallel to (201) by succinate ligands.

[Surgical treatment for distal humerus type C fractures].

Distal humerus type C fracture is a rare and complicated intra-articular injury. Non-surgical treatment is difficult to achieve accurately reduction and reconstruction of articular surface, while open reduction and internal fixation is the best treatment option. Olecranon osteotomy could provide adequate surgical exposure, and is the most commonly used surgical method, but complications such as non-union osteotomy, internal fixation failure occurred. To avoid sacrificing integrity of olecranon, paratricipital approach, triceps reflecting approach, triceps reflectin ganconeus pedicle approach, triceps splitting and triceps tongue-shaped flap approach have been applied to fracture revealed. However, there is a certain contradiction of choice between surgical exposure and extension function of elbow due to limitations of different approaches. With the promotion of "double-column" theory, double plates has significant mechanical advantages over single plates. Even if parallel double-plate has more advantageous than vertical double-plate in vitro biomechanical experiments, it is not clear whether there is any difference between two methods in clinical application. Elbow arthroplasty may be the final choice for C-type fractures that could not be reconstructed on articular surface, but its long-term efficacy remains to be observed due to technical limitations.

Electric Field-Controlled Crystallizing CaCO3 Nanostructures from Solution.

The role of electric field is investigated in determining the structure, morphology, and crystallographic characteristics of CaCO3 nanostructures crystallized from solution. It is found that the lattice structure and crystalline morphology of CaCO3 can be tailed by the electric field applied to the solution during its crystallization. The calcite structure with cubic-like morphology can be obtained generally without electric field, and the vaterite structure with the morphology of nanorod is formed under the high electric field. The vaterite nanorods can be piled up to the petaliform layers. Both the nanorod and the petaliform layer can have mesocrystal structures which are piled up by much fine units of the rods with the size of several nanometers. Beautiful rose-like nanoflowers can be self-arranged by the petaliform layers. These structures can have potential application as carrier for medicine to involve into metabolism of living cell.

Recursive percolation.

We introduce a simple lattice model in which percolation is constructed on top of critical percolation clusters, and find compelling numerical evidence that it can be repeated recursively any number n of generations. In two dimensions, we determine the percolation thresholds up to n=5. The corresponding critical clusters become more and more compact as n increases, and define universal scaling functions of the standard two-dimensional form and critical exponents that are distinct for any n. This family of exponents differs from previously known universality classes, and cannot be accommodated by existing analytical methods. We confirm that recursive percolation is well defined also in three dimensions.