Unconstrained Piezoelectric Vascular Electronics for Wireless Monitoring of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Health.

The patient-centered healthcare requires timely disease diagnosis and prognostic assessment, calling for individualized physiological monitoring. To assess the postoperative hemodynamic status of patients, implantable blood flow monitoring devices are highly expected to deliver real time, long-term, sensitive, and reliable hemodynamic signals, which can accurately reflect multiple physiological conditions. Herein, an implantable and unconstrained vascular electronic system based on a piezoelectric sensor immobilized is presented by a "growable" sheath around continuously growing arterial vessels for real-timely and wirelessly monitoring of hemodynamics. The piezoelectric sensor made of circumferentially aligned polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers around pulsating artery can sensitively perceive mechanical signals, and the growable sheath bioinspired by the structure and function of leaf sheath has elasticity and conformal shape adaptive to the dynamically growing arterial vessels to avoid growth constriction. With this integrated and smart design, long-term, wireless, and sensitive monitoring of hemodynamics are achieved and demonstrated in rats and rabbits. It provides a simple and versatile strategy for designing implantable sensors in a less invasive way.

Achieving High Responsivity and Detectivity in a Quantum-Dot-in-Perovskite Photodetector.

This work reports on quantum dots (QDs) in perovskite photodetectors showing high optoelectronic performance via quantum-dot-assisted charge transmission. The self-powered broad-band photodetector constructed with SnS QDs in FAPb0.5Sn0.5I3 perovskite can capture incoming optical signals directly at zero bias. The QDs-in-perovskite photodetector exhibits a high sensitivity in the wavelength range from 300 to 1000 nm. Its responsivity at 850 nm reaches 521.7 mA W-1, and a high specific detectivity of 2.57 × 1012 jones can be achieved, which is well beyond the level of previous self-powered broad-band photodetectors. The capability of quantum-dot-in-perovskite photodetectors as data receivers has been further demonstrated in a visible-light communication application.

Gray matter structural covariance networks patterns associated with autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC compared to Alzheimer's disease pathology.

BACKGROUND: Cases with the limbic-predominant age-related TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mixed AD+TDP-43 pathology (AD+LATE-NC) share similar symptoms, which makes it a challenge for accurate diagnosis. Exploring the patterns of gray matter structural covariance networks (SCNs) in these three types may help to clarify the underlying mechanism and provide a basis for clinical interventions. METHODS: We included ante-mortem MRI data of 10 LATE-NC, 39  AD, and 25  AD+LATE-NC from the ADNI autopsy sample. We used four regions of interest (left posterior cingulate cortex, right entorhinal cortex, frontoinsular and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) to anchor the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN). Finally, we assessed the SCN alternations using a multi-regression model-based linear-interaction analysis. RESULTS: Cases with autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC and AD showed increased structural associations involving DMN, ECN, and SN. Cases with AD+LATE-NC showed increased structural association within DMN while decreased structural association between DMN and ECN. The volume of peak clusters showed significant associations with cognition and AD pathology. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed different SCN patterns in the cases with LATE-NC, AD, and AD+LATE-NC, and indicated the network disconnection mechanism underlying these three neuropathological progressions. Further, SCN may serve as an effective biomarker to distinguish between different types of dementia.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated multimodal brain networks in Alzheimer's disease.

Concomitant neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are associated with accelerated Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Identifying multimodal brain imaging patterns associated with NPS may help understand pathophysiology correlates AD. Based on the AD continuum, a supervised learning strategy was used to guide four-way multimodal neuroimaging fusion (Amyloid, Tau, gray matter volume, brain function) by using NPS total score as the reference. Loadings of the identified multimodal patterns were compared across the AD continuum. Then, regression analyses were performed to investigate its predictability of longitudinal cognition performance. Furthermore, the fusion analysis was repeated in the four NPS subsyndromes. Here, an NPS-associated pathological-structural-functional covaried pattern was observed in the frontal-subcortical limbic circuit, occipital, and sensor-motor region. Loading of this multimodal pattern showed a progressive increase with the development of AD. The pattern significantly correlates with multiple cognitive domains and could also predict longitudinal cognitive decline. Notably, repeated fusion analysis using subsyndromes as references identified similar patterns with some unique variations associated with different syndromes. Conclusively, NPS was associated with a multimodal imaging pattern involving complex neuropathologies, which could effectively predict longitudinal cognitive decline. These results highlight the possible neural substrate of NPS in AD, which may provide guidance for clinical management.

Are the original SARS-CoV-2 novel mutants from in vitro culture able to escape the immune response?

Monitoring variations in the virus genome to understand the SARS-CoV-2 evolution and spread of the virus is extremely important. Seven early SARS-CoV-2 isolates in China were cultured in vitro and were analyzed for their viral infectivity through viral growth assay, tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50 ) assay, spike protein quantification, and next generation sequencing analysis, and the resultant mutations in spike protein were used to generate the corresponding pseudoviruses for analysis of immune escape from vaccination and postinfection immunity. The results revealed that in vitro cultured SARS-CoV-2 virus had much higher mutation frequency (up to ~20 times) than that in infected patients, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 diversify under favorable conditions. Monitoring viral mutations is not only helpful for better understanding of virus evolution and virulence change, but also the key to prevent virus transmission and disease progression. Compared with the D614G reference strain, a pseudovirus strain of SARS-CoV-2 was constructed with a high mutation rate site on the spike protein. We found some novel spike mutations during in vitro culture, such as E868Q, conferred further immune escape ability.

Associations of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Small Vessel Disease With Cerebral White Matter Degeneration: A Tract-Based MR Diffusion Imaging Study.

BACKGROUND: White matter (WM) degeneration is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE: To investigate how amyloid-ß (Aß), tau, and small vascular disease (SVD) jointly affect WM degeneration in subjects along AD continuum. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. SUBJECTS: 152 non-demented participants (age: 55.8-91.6, male/female: 66/86) from the ADNI database were included, classified into three groups using the A (Aß)/T (tau)/N pathological scheme (Group 1: A-T-; Group 2: A+T-; Group 3: A+T+) based on positron emission tomography data. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3T; T1-weighted images, T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, T2*-weighted images, diffusion-weighted spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence (54 diffusion directions). ASSESSMENT: Free-water diffusion model (generated parameters: free water, FW; tissue fractional anisotropy, FAt; tissue mean diffusivity, MDt); SVD total score; Neuropsychological tests. STATISTICAL TESTS: Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the independent contribution of AD (Aß and tau) and SVD pathologies to diffusion parameters in each fiber tract, first in the entire population and then in each subgroup. We also investigated associations between diffusion parameters and cognitive functions. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (false discovery rate corrected). RESULTS: In the entire population, we found that: 1) Increased FW was significantly associated with SVD and tau, while FAt and MDt were significantly associated with Aß and tau; 2) The spatial pattern of fiber tracts related to a certain pathological marker is consistent with the known distribution of that pathology; 3) Subgroup analysis showed that Group 2 and 3 had more alterations of FAt and MDt associated with Aß and tau; 4) Diffusion imaging indices showed significant associations with cognitive score in all domains except memory. DATA CONCLUSION: WM microstructural injury was associated with both AD and SVD pathologies, showing compartment-specific, tract-specific, and stage-specific WM patterns. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.

Carrier mobility of two-dimensional Dirac materials: the influence of optical phonon scattering.

We developed an analytical formula to calculate the influence of optical phonons on the mobility of two-dimensional Dirac materials at arbitrary temperature and arbitrary doping concentration. The method was combined with first-principles calculations to show that the effect of optical phonons on mobility is not negligible for typical Dirac materials such as graphene even though the occupation number of optical phonons is relatively small. Unlike the treatment of electron-acoustic phonon coupling, the energy change of electrons in the scattering process with optical phonons is crucial, which leads to a non-power temperature dependence of mobility under weak doping. The formalism was applied to calculate and analyze the mobility of two well-known Dirac materials, α-graphyne and the VCl3 monolayer, which differs by one to two orders of magnitude.

Dirac cones in bipartite square-octagon lattice: A theoretical approach.

Dirac cones are difficult to achieve in a square lattice with full symmetry. Here, we have theoretically investigated a bipartite tetragonal lattice composed of tetragons and octagons using both Tight-Binding (TB) model and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The TB model predicts that the system exhibits nodal line semi-metallic properties when the on-site energies of all atoms are identical. When the on-site energies differ, the formation of an elliptical Dirac cone is predicted. Its physical properties (anisotropy, tilting, merging, and emerging) can be regulated by the hopping energies. An exact analytical formula is derived to determine the position of the Dirac point by the TB parameters, and a criterion for the existence of Dirac cones is obtained. The "divide-and-coupling" method is applied to understand the origin of the Dirac cone, which involves dividing the bands into several groups and examining the couplings among inter-groups and intra-groups. Various practical systems computed by DFT methods, e.g., t-BN, t-Si, 4,12,2-graphyne, and t-SiC, are also examined, and they all possess nodal lines or Dirac cones as predicted by the TB model. The results provide theoretical foundation for designing novel Dirac materials with tetragonal symmetry.

Improving machine learning force fields for molecular dynamics simulations with fine-grained force metrics.

Machine learning force fields (MLFFs) have gained popularity in recent years as they provide a cost-effective alternative to ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Despite a small error on the test set, MLFFs inherently suffer from generalization and robustness issues during MD simulations. To alleviate these issues, we propose global force metrics and fine-grained metrics from element and conformation aspects to systematically measure MLFFs for every atom and every conformation of molecules. We selected three state-of-the-art MLFFs (ET, NequIP, and ViSNet) and comprehensively evaluated on aspirin, Ac-Ala3-NHMe, and Chignolin MD datasets with the number of atoms ranging from 21 to 166. Driven by the trained MLFFs on these molecules, we performed MD simulations from different initial conformations, analyzed the relationship between the force metrics and the stability of simulation trajectories, and investigated the reason for collapsed simulations. Finally, the performance of MLFFs and the stability of MD simulations can be further improved guided by the proposed force metrics for model training, specifically training MLFF models with these force metrics as loss functions, fine-tuning by reweighting samples in the original dataset, and continued training by recruiting additional unexplored data.

Multifunctional porous poly (L-lactic acid) nanofiber membranes with enhanced anti-inflammation, angiogenesis and antibacterial properties for diabetic wound healing.

With increased diabetes incidence, diabetic wound healing is one of the most common diabetes complications and is characterized by easy infection, chronic inflammation, and reduced vascularization. To address these issues, biomaterials with multifunctional antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic properties must be developed to improve overall diabetic wound healing for patients. In our study, we prepared porous poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber membranes using electrospinning and solvent evaporation methods. Then, sulfated chitosan (SCS) combined with polydopamine-gentamicin (PDA-GS) was stepwise modified onto porous PLA nanofiber membrane surfaces. Controlled GS release was facilitated via dopamine self-polymerization to prevent early stage infection. PDA was also applied to PLA nanofiber membranes to suppress inflammation. In vitro cell tests results showed that PLA/SCS/PDA-GS nanofiber membranes immuomodulated macrophage toward the M2 phenotype and increased endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor secretion to induce vascularization. Moreover, SCS-contained PLA nanofiber membranes also showed good potential in enhancing macrophage trans-differentiation to fibroblasts, thereby improving wound healing processes. Furthermore, our in vitro antibacterial studies against Staphylococcus aureus indicated the effective antibacterial properties of the PLA/SCS/PDA-GS nanofiber membranes. In summary, our novel porous PLA/SCS/PDA-GS nanofiber membranes possessing enhanced antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties demonstrate promising potential in diabetic wound healing processes.

Can global or national disability weights represent provincial level?

BACKGROUND: A universal set of disability weights(DWs) is mainly based on the survey of North America, Australia and Europe, whereas the participants in Asia was limited. The debate hasn't yet settled whether a universal DW is desirable or useful.The focus of the debate is its representativenes-s.After all, the DWs come from people's subjective evaluation of pain, and they may vary according to cultural background.The differences of the DWs could have implications for the magnitude or ranking of disease burdens.The DWs of Anhui Province has not been completely presented.This paper aims to obtain the DWs suitable for the general population of Anhui Province of China, and attempts to explore the differences between different DWs by comparing the DWs with the similar-cultural background and the DWs with cross-cultural background. METHODS: A web-based survey was conducted to estimate the DWs for 206 health states of Anhui province in 2020. Paired comparison (PC) data were analyzed and anchored by probit regression and fitting loess model. We compared the DWs in Anhui with other provinces in China and those in Global burden of disease (GBD) and Japan. RESULTS: Compared with Anhui province, the proportion of health states which showed 2 times or more differences ranged from 1.94% (Henan) to 11.17% (Sichuan) in China and domestic provinces. It was 19.88% in Japan and 21.51% in GBD 2013 respectively. In Asian countries or regions, most of the health states with top 15 DWs belonged to the category of mental, behavioral, and substance use disorders. But in GBD, most were infectious diseases and cancer. The differences of DWs in neighboring provinces were smaller than other geographically distant provinces or countries. CONCLUSION: PC responses were largely consistent across very distinct settings,but the exceptions do need to be faced squarely.The differences of DWs among similar-cultural regions were smaller than cross-cultural regions. There is an urgent need for relevant gold standards.

Accelerating Kinetics with Time-Reversal Path Sampling.

In comparison to numerous enhanced sampling methods for equilibrium thermodynamics, accelerating simulations for kinetics and nonequilibrium statistics are relatively rare and less effective. Here, we derive a time-reversal path sampling (tRPS) method based on time reversibility to accelerate simulations for determining the transition rates between free-energy basins. It converts the difficult uphill path sampling into an easy downhill problem. This method is easy to implement, i.e., forward and backward shooting simulations with opposite initial velocities are conducted from random initial conformations within a transition-state region until they reach the basin minima, which are then assembled to give the distribution of transition paths efficiently. The effects of tRPS are demonstrated using a comparison with direct simulations of protein folding and unfolding, where tRPS is shown to give results consistent with direct simulations and increase the efficiency by up to five orders of magnitude. This approach is generally applicable to stochastic processes with microscopic reversibility, regardless of whether the variables are continuous or discrete.

A General Picture of Cucurbit[8]uril Host-Guest Binding: Recalibrating Bonded Interactions.

Atomic-level understanding of the dynamic feature of host-guest interactions remains a central challenge in supramolecular chemistry. The remarkable guest binding behavior of the Cucurbiturils family of supramolecular containers makes them promising drug carriers. Among Cucurbit[n]urils, Cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) has an intermediate portal size and cavity volume. It can exploit almost all host-guest recognition motifs formed by this host family. In our previous work, an extensive computational investigation of the binding of seven commonly abused and structurally diverse drugs to the CB8 host was performed, and a general dynamic binding picture of CB8-guest interactions was obtained. Further, two widely used fixed-charge models for drug-like molecules were investigated and compared in great detail, aiming at providing guidelines in choosing an appropriate charge scheme in host-guest modelling. Iterative refitting of atomic charges leads to improved binding thermodynamics and the best root-mean-squared deviation from the experimental reference is 2.6 kcal/mol. In this work, we focus on a thorough evaluation of the remaining parts of classical force fields, i.e., the bonded interactions. The widely used general Amber force fields are assessed and refitted with generalized force-matching to improve the intra-molecular conformational preference, and thus the description of inter-molecular host-guest interactions. The interaction pattern and binding thermodynamics show a significant dependence on the modelling parameters. The refitted system-specific parameter set improves the consistency of the modelling results and the experimental reference significantly. Finally, combining the previous charge-scheme comparison and the current force-field refitting, we provide general guidelines for the theoretical modelling of host-guest binding.

Molecular Modelling of Ionic Liquids: Situations When Charge Scaling Seems Insufficient.

Charge scaling as an effective solution to the experiment-computation disagreement in molecular modelling of ionic liquids (ILs) could bring the computational results close to the experimental reference for various thermodynamic properties. According to the large-scale benchmark calculations of mass density, solvation, and water-ILs transfer-free energies in our series of papers, the charge-scaling factor of 0.8 serves as a near-optimal option generally applicable to most ILs, although a system-dependent parameter adjustment could be attempted for further improved performance. However, there are situations in which such a charge-scaling treatment would fail. Namely, charge scaling cannot really affect the simulation outcome, or minimally perturbs the results that are still far from the experimental value. In such situations, the vdW radius as an additional adjustable parameter is commonly tuned to minimize the experiment-calculation deviation. In the current work, considering two ILs from the quinuclidinium family, we investigate the impacts of this vdW-scaling treatment on the mass density and the solvation/partition thermodynamics in a fashion similar to our previous charge-scaling works, i.e., scanning the vdW-scaling factor and computing physical properties under these parameter sets. It is observed that the mass density exhibits a linear response to the vdW-scaling factor with slopes close to -1.8 g/mL. By further investigating a set of physiochemically relevant temperatures between 288 K and 348 K, we confirm the robustness of the vdW-scaling treatment in the estimation of bulk properties. The best vdW-scaling parameter for mass density would worsen the computation of solvation/partition thermodynamics, and a marginal decrease in the vdW-scaling factor is considered as an intermediate option balancing the reproductions of bulk properties and solvation thermodynamics. These observations could be understood in a way similar to the charge-scaling situation. i.e., overfitting some properties (e.g., mass density) would degrade the accuracy of the other properties (e.g., solvation free energies). Following this principle, the general guideline for applying this vdW-tuning protocol is by using values between the density-derived choice and the solvation/partition-derived solution. The charge and current vdW scaling treatments cover commonly encountered ILs, completing the protocol for accurate modelling of ILs with fixed-charge force fields.

Accurate Single-Molecule Kinetic Isotope Effects.

An accurate single-molecule kinetic isotope effect (sm-KIE) was applied to circumvent the inherent limitation of conventional ensemble KIE by using graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions. In situ monitoring of the single-molecule reaction trajectories in real time with high temporal resolution has the capability to characterize the deeper information brought by KIE. The C-O bond cleavage and the C-C bond formation of the transition state (TS) were observed in the Claisen rearrangement through the secondary kinetic isotope effect, demonstrating the high detection sensitivity and accuracy of this method. More interestingly, this sm-KIE can be used to determine TS structures under different electric fields, revealing the multidimensional regulation of the TS. The detection and manipulation of the TS provide a broad perspective to understand and optimize chemical reactions and biomimetic progress.

The association of enlarged perivascular space with microglia-related inflammation and Alzheimer's pathology in cognitively normal elderly.

BACKGROUND: Glymphatic dysfunction may contribute to the accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies. Conversely, AD pathologic change might also cause neuroinflammation and aggravate glymphatic dysfunction, forming a loop that accelerates AD progression. In vivo validations are needed to confirm their relationships. METHODS: In this study, we included 144 cognitively normal participants with AD pathological biomarker data (baseline CSF Aß1-42, T-Tau, P-Tau181; plasma P-Tau181 at baseline and at least one follow-up) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Each subject had completed structural MRI scans. Among them, 117 subjects have available neuroinflammatory biomarker (soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), and 123 subjects have completed two times [18F]-florbetapir PET. The enlarged PVS (EPVS) visual rating scores in basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CS) were assessed on T1-weighted images to reflect glymphatic dysfunction. Intracranial volume and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume were also calculated for further analysis. We performed stepwise linear regression models and mediation analyses to estimate the association between EPVS severity, sTREM2, and AD biomarkers. RESULTS: CS-EPVS degree was associated with CSF sTREM2, annual change of plasma P-tau181 and total WMH volume, whereas BG-EPVS severity was associated with age, gender and intracranial volume. The sTREM2 mediated the association between CSF P-tau181 and CS-EPVS. CONCLUSION: Impaired glymphatic dysfunction could contribute to the accumulation of pathological tau protein. The association between tauopathy and glymphatic dysfunction was mediated by the microglia inflammatory process. These findings may provide evidence for novel treatment strategies of anti-neuroinflammation therapy in the early stage.

Evaluation of humoral immune responses induced by different SARS-CoV-2 spike trimers from wild-type and emerging variants with individual, sequential, and combinational delivered strategies.

The spike trimer of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an effective target for inducing neutralizing antibodies by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. However, the diversity of spike protein from emerging SASR-CoV-2 variants has become the major challenge for development of a universal vaccine. To investigate the immunogenicity of spike proteins from various circulating strains including wild type, Delta, and Omicron variants, we produced various natural spike trimers and designed three vaccination strategies, that is, individual, sequential, and bivalent regimens to assess autologous and heterogenous antibody responses in a mouse model. The results indicated that monovalent vaccine strategy with individual spike trimer could only induce binding and neutralizing antibodies against homologous viruses. However, sequential and bivalent immunization with Delta and Omicron spike trimers could induce significantly broader neutralizing antibody responses against heterogenous SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the spike trimer from Omicron variant showed superior immunogenicity in inducing antibody response against recently emerging XE variant. Taken together, our data supported the development of novel vaccination strategies or multivalent vaccine against emerging variants.

Novel coronavirus mutations: Vaccine development and challenges.

The ongoing global pandemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has a significant impact on global health and economy system. In this context, there have been some landmark advances in vaccine development. Over 100 new coronavirus vaccine candidates have been approved for clinical trials, with ten WHO-approved vaccines including four inactivated virus vaccines, two mRNA vaccines, three recombinant viral vectored vaccines and one protein subunit vaccine on the "Emergency Use Listing". Although the SARS-CoV-2 has an internal proofreading mechanism, there have been a number of mutations emerged in the pandemic affecting its transmissibility, pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Of these, mutations in the spike (S) protein and the resultant mutant variants have posed new challenges for vaccine development and application. In this review article, we present an overview of vaccine development, the prevalence of new coronavirus variants and their impact on protective efficacy of existing vaccines and possible immunization strategies coping with the viral mutation and diversity.

Structural Amorphization-Induced Topological Order.

Electronic properties of crystals are inherently pertained to crystalline symmetry, so that amorphization that lowers and breaks symmetry is detrimental. One important crystalline property is electron band topology which is known to be weakened and destroyed by structural disorder. Here, we report a counterintuitive theoretical discovery that atomic structural disorder by amorphization can in fact induce electronic order of topology in an otherwise topologically trivial crystal. The resulting nontrivial topology is characterized by a nonzero spin Bott index, associated with robust topological edge states and quantized conductance. The underlying topological phase transition (TPT) from a trivial crystal to a topological amorphous is analyzed by mapping out a phase diagram in the degree of structural disorder using an effective medium theory. The atomic disorder is revealed to induce topological order by renormalizing the spectral gap toward nontriviality near the phase boundary. As a concrete example, we further show such TPT in amorphous stanane by first-principles calculations. Our findings point to possible observation of an electronic ordering transition accompanied by a structural disorder transition.

Lactobacillus plantarum strains attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and immune response.

Gut microbiota has become a new therapeutic target in the treatment of inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Probiotics are known for their beneficial effects and have shown good efficacy in the clinical treatment of IBD and animal models of colitis. However, how these probiotics contribute to the amelioration of IBD is largely unknown. In the current study, the DSS-induced mouse colitis model was treated with oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strains to investigate their effects on colitis. The results indicated that the L. plantarum strains improved dysbiosis and enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria related to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Moreover, L. plantarum strains decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, IL-22, and TNF-α and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., TGF-ß, IL-10. Our result suggests that L. plantarum strains possess probiotic effects and can ameliorate DSS colitis in mice by modulating the resident gut microbiota and immune response.