RESUMO
In order to determine the temporal variation in the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in soils in the vicinity of an old municipal solid waste incinerator (Montcada, Barcelona, Spain), in 1997 we collected 24 soil samples at the same sampling points in which samples were taken 1 year before. Each sample was analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs by GC/MS. While in the previous study PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.30 to 44.26 ng TEQ/kg (dry matter), (median and mean values: 3.52 and 6.91 ng TEQ/kg), in the present study PCDD/F levels ranged from 0.15 to 29.27 ng TEQ/kg (median and mean values: 2.56 and 4.47 ng TEQ/kg). PCDD/F concentrations decreased in 14 of the 24 soil samples, while the remaining 10 samples showed increases of different orders. No statistically significant differences in PCDD/F levels according to the main wind directions in the area were noted. In both surveys, the highest PCDD/F concentrations were found 750 m from the stack to the south. The current levels of PCDD/Fs in soils, as well as those found in the previous survey are similar or even lower than PCDD/F concentrations reported for soil samples taken near to municipal solid waste incinerators from different places.
RESUMO
El aprendizaje es un proceso continuo que no debería finalizar una vez aprobada una determinada asignatura. En cualquier estudio universitario hay muchas materias que, para su comprensión, requieren de conocimientos adquiridos previamente en otras. En los estudios de Farmacia del plan 2002, los profesores de toxicología habían constatado que los estudiantes de dicha asignatura no recordaban conceptos básicos cursados en asignaturas de semestres anteriores. La asignatura de toxicología necesita para su comprensión conocimientos de, entre otras materias, fisiología y fisiopatología. Por esta razón se planteó la necesidad de hacer una actuación conjunta entre los profesores de Fisiología y Toxicología.Los objetivos de este proyecto fueron: a) Identificación de los contenidos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos que los alumnos deben conocer para el seguimiento de la asignatura de toxicología. b) Unificación terminológica. c) Realización de un conjunto de preguntas básicas sobre estos contenidos. d) Detección, a través de estas preguntas, de los temas o grupos de temas con porcentajes más altos de respuestas incorrectas. e) Detectar los temas de fisiología y fisiopatología en los que hay que hacer más hincapié para favorecer el seguimiento de toxicología. En esta comunicación se describe la experiencia y los resultados obtenidos(AU)
Learning is a continuous process that should be still performed once a particular subject has been passed. In the university, many subjects require prior knowledge of others subjects for better understanding. During the Pharmacy curriculum of 2002, toxicology teachers observed that students did not seem to remember the basic concepts presumably acquired in previous semesters. For example, for the toxicology subject, students should have basic knowledge of physiology and pathophysiology. For this reason, a joint action among physiology and toxicology teachers was considered.The objectives of this project were: a) Identifying the physiological and pathophysiological aspects that students should know to follow the toxicology course. b) Reaching agreement over the common terminology. c) Executing a set of basic questions about these physiological and pathophysiological aspects. d) Detecting through these questions, the topics with a highest percentage of incorrect answers. e) Identifying which physiology and pathophysiology topics should be emphasized to encourage students to follow the toxicology subject. This communication describes the experience and outcomes of this project(AU)