RESUMO
Major surgical procedures often result in significant intra- and postoperative bleeding. The ability to identify the cause of the bleeding has the potential to reduce the transfusion of blood products and improve patient care. We present a novel device, the Quantra Hemostasis Analyzer, which has been designed for automated, rapid, near-patient monitoring of hemostasis. The Quantra is based on Sonic Estimation of Elasticity via Resonance Sonorheometry, a proprietary technology that uses ultrasound to measure clot time and clot stiffness from changes in viscoelastic properties of whole blood during coagulation. We present results of internal validation and analytical performance testing of the technology and demonstrate the ability to characterize the key functional components of hemostasis.
Assuntos
Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea/instrumentação , Cuidados Críticos , Hemostasia , Reologia/instrumentação , Ultrassom/instrumentação , Automação , Coagulação Sanguínea , Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea/normas , Viscosidade Sanguínea , Calibragem , Módulo de Elasticidade , Desenho de Equipamento , Hemorreologia , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Padrões de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reologia/normas , Fatores de Tempo , Ultrassom/normasAssuntos
COVID-19 , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental , Transtornos Mentais , Telemedicina , Austrália/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/patologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Barreiras de Comunicação , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/métodos , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/tendências , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Relações Profissional-Paciente , SARS-CoV-2 , Telemedicina/ética , Telemedicina/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
The provision of toilets and menstrual supplies has emerged as a promising programmatic strategy to support adolescent girls' school attendance and performance in less developed countries. We use the first round of the Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Survey (MSAS) to examine the individual- and school-level factors associated with menstruation-related school absenteeism. The MSAS is a school-based longitudinal survey of adolescent students enrolled in coed public primary schools in the southern districts of Machinga and Balaka who were aged 14-16 in 2007. Although one-third of female students report missing at least one day of school at their last menstrual period, our data suggest that menstruation only accounts for a small proportion of all female absenteeism and does not create a gender gap in absenteeism. We find no evidence for school-level variance in menstruation-related absenteeism, suggesting that absenteeism is not sensitive to school environments. Rather, co-residence with a grandmother and spending time on school work at home reduce the odds of absence during the last menstrual period.
RESUMO
Leaving school prematurely is often claimed to be among the most negative consequences of early marriage and pregnancy for girls in less developed countries. However, an analysis of the relative frequency with which these events actually occur or are named as reasons for leaving school reveals that, at least in the case of francophone Africa, they explain no more than 20 per cent of dropouts. To the extent that demographic events trump school or family factors as determinants of school-leaving, our data indicate that it is union formation--defined by the DHS as first marriage or cohabitation--rather than childbirth that is more likely to have this effect. 'Schoolgirl pregnancy' typically accounts for only between 5 and 10 per cent of girls' departures from school. Furthermore, the risks of leaving school because of pregnancy or marriage have declined over time with the decline in rates of early marriage and childbearing.
Assuntos
Estado Civil/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Evasão Escolar/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , África Subsaariana , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Evasão Escolar/psicologiaRESUMO
With the spread of formal schooling in sub-Saharan Africa and delays in the age at marriage, a growing proportion of adolescents remain enrolled in school when they "come of age." As a consequence, more and more adolescents have to negotiate sexual maturation and sexual initiation in a vastly different context from that of prior generations. Using data from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda, we investigate the empirical association between premarital sex and leaving school among those who were enrolled in school at the outset of adolescence (age 12). Discrete-time logistic regression models show that, in general, girls are more likely than boys to leave school before completing secondary school, before completing primary school, and, among those completing primary school, before progressing to secondary school. Girls who complete primary school, however, do so at the same age as or a younger age than their male peers. Girls appear more vulnerable to leaving school once they engage in premarital sex. These findings can assist researchers, policymakers, program managers, and educators in understanding and addressing the challenges to educational attainment posed by the increasing proportion of school-aged adolescents engaging in premarital sex.
Assuntos
Educação/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Evasão Escolar/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Adulto , África Subsaariana , Fatores Etários , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Adulto , África Subsaariana , Fatores Etários , Criança , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Áreas de Pobreza , Pesquisa , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Better Health for Women and Children through Family Planning. Population Council; 5-9 Oct. 1987
. World Health Organization
. International Planed Parenthood Federation
. UNICEF
. UNDP
. PNUD
. World Bank
. Banco Mundial
Assuntos
Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Saúde da Criança , Expectativa de Vida , Mortalidade Infantil , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Países em DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
Los datos obtenidos a raíz de nuevos estudios revelan que ha habido uma rapida disminución de la fecundidad en cuatro paises latinoamericano. Además, en tres de ellos (Colombia, Equador y la Republica Dominicana), la brecha en la fecundidad entre mujeres instruidas y no instruidas, que había sido muy amplia en los años 70, comezaba a reducirse. No obstante, los diferenciales de la fecundidad por nivel de escolaridad siguen siendo substantivos, particularmente en el Perú, donde no se han modificado pese a la disminución de la fecundidad general. En estos cuatro países, las mujeres de edad fertil tienen una escolaridad media de entre seis y siete años completos, aunque la proporción de no instruidas o escasamente instruidas (uno a tres años de escolaridad) oscila del 23 al 31 por cientro. Además de tener una fecundidad menor y desear familias menos numerosas, las mujeres de mayor educación suelen casarse más tarde y mostrarese más propensas a practicar la anticoncepción que las menos instruidas.(AU)