Multiomics analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence in Rhizoctonia and jasmonic acid-mediated resistance in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum).

Rhizoctonia solani is a devastating soil-borne pathogen that seriously threatens the cultivation of economically important crops. Multiple strains with a very broad host range have been identified, but only 1 (AG1-IA, which causes rice sheath blight disease) has been examined in detail. Here, we analyzed AG4-HGI 3 originally isolated from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), but with a host range comparable to AG1-IA. Genome comparison reveals abundant pathogenicity genes in this strain. We used multiomic approaches to improve the efficiency of screening for disease resistance genes. Transcriptomes of the plant-fungi interaction identified differentially expressed genes associated with virulence in Rhizoctonia and resistance in Tartary buckwheat. Integration with jasmonate-mediated transcriptome and metabolome changes revealed a negative regulator of jasmonate signaling, cytochrome P450 (FtCYP94C1), as increasing disease resistance probably via accumulation of resistance-related flavonoids. The integration of resistance data for 320 Tartary buckwheat accessions identified a gene homolog to aspartic proteinase (FtASP), with peak expression following R. solani inoculation. FtASP exhibits no proteinase activity but functions as an antibacterial peptide that slows fungal growth. This work reveals a potential mechanism behind pathogen virulence and host resistance, which should accelerate the molecular breeding of resistant varieties in economically essential crops.

Evolutionary analysis of MADS-box genes in buckwheat species and functional study of FdMADS28 in flavonoid metabolism.

The MADS-box gene family is a transcription factor family that is widely expressed in plants. It controls secondary metabolic processes in plants and encourages the development of tissues like roots and flowers. However, the phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary model of MADS-box genes in Fagopyrum species has not been reported yet. This study identified the MADS-box genes of three buckwheat species at the whole genome level, and conducted systematic evolution and physicochemical analysis. The results showed that these genes can be divided into four subfamilies, with fragment duplication being the main way for the gene family expansion. During the domestication process from golden buckwheat to tartary buckwheat and the common buckwheat, the Ka/Ks ratio indicated that most members of the family experienced strong purification selection pressure, and with individual gene pairs experiencing positive selection. In addition, we combined the expression profile data of the MADS genes, mGWAS data, and WGCNA data to mine genes FdMADS28/48/50 that may be related to flavonoid metabolism. The results also showed that overexpression of FdMADS28 could increase rutin content by decreasing Kaempferol pathway content in hairy roots, and increase the resistance and growth of hairy roots to PEG and NaCl. This study systematically analyzed the evolutionary relationship of MADS-box genes in the buckwheat species, and elaborated on the expression patterns of MADS genes in different tissues under biotic and abiotic stresses, laying an important theoretical foundation for further elucidating their role in flavonoid metabolism.

Mediation of mitochondrial translocator protein by tanshinone ⅡA in apoptosis of HepG2 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of mitochondrial translocator protein(TSPO)in the apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by tanshinone IIA(Tan II A)and the involved mechanism. Methods Following the HepG2 cells treated with Tan ⅡA at 2.5, 5 and 10 μmol·L-1, the cell viability was determined by MTT assay, and intracellular ATP content was determined by luciferin-luciferase method. Oxygen utilization was measured polarographically with a Clark oxygen electrode. Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed with JC-1 staining. The intracellular distribution of TSPO was examined by TSPO immunostaining, and the expressions of TSPO, Cyto C, caspase-3, caspase-9 were determined by immunoblotting analysis. Results Tan II A inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The treatment with Tan II A inhibited ATP production and oxygen utilization of mitochondria. In addition, Tan ⅡA enhanced TSPO expression and accumulation in nuclei and up-regulated the expression of Cyto C, caspase-3 and caspase-9. Conclusions Tan II A induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells, which may be related to the TSPO-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.

Naringenin increases Nrf2/phase II detoxifying enzymes to reduce vascular inflammation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of naringenin in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ phase II detoxifying enzyme activities and evaluate its effects on vascular inflammation. Methods Western blot, immunofluorescence and reverse transcription- qPCR were used to detect the protein expression. The activities of phase II detoxifying enzymes were measured by commercial kits. Immunoprecipitation technology was used to detect the interaction between Nrf2 and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ( Keap-1). Results Naringenin promoted the dislocation of Nr£2 from Keap-1 and increased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation in RAW264. 7 macrophages. Naringenin up-regulated expressions of phase II detoxifying enzymes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase ( NQO-1), gluta thione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine lig- ase (GCL). It also reduced the levels of cytokines in macrophages. Moreover, the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reduced phase II detoxifying enzyme expressions and increased cytokine levels. In addition, we found naringenin increased the expressions and activities of liver phase II detoxifying enzymes ( NQO-1, GST and GCL) and reduced aortic inflammation in atherosclerotic model mice. The effects were dependent on Nr£2 activity. Conclusions Naringenin activates Nrf2 and promotes phase II detoxifying enzyme activities, which leads to the inhibition of vascular inflammation.

Effect of periodontal treatment on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in elderly patients with periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Periodontal disease is closely related to type 2 diabetes and is an important complication of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of periodontal treatment on levels of blood glucose (Glu) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 107 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease were selected and divided into two groups according to their HbA1c levels. Group A was a well-controlled diabetic group and group B was uncontrolled. Their probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), the value of Glu and HbA1c were analyzed before periodontal treatment and 4 months later.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant difference in periodontal condition between groups A and B (P < 0.01). The periodontal condition for both groups was significantly (P < 0.01) improved after periodontal therapy. The effect of treatment in group A was more pronounced than group B, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). After the periodontal treatment, Glu and HbA1c were reduced significantly in both groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Periodontal condition is related to the control of Glu level among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease. Periodontal treatment can effectively reduce the level of Glu and HbA1c as well as improve the periodontal condition in elderly type-2 diabetes patients with periodontal disease.</p>

Detection Rate of Oral Candida albicans with Different Sampling Methods among Elderly:A Comparative Study / 中华医院感染学杂志

0.05).CONCLUSIONS There is high frequency of C.albicans in the elderly.There is no significant difference rate of detection rate among three groups.Mucosa swab sampling method may be a convenient and effective method for clinical study.

Application endoscopic mucosal resection to therapy early gastrointestinal cancer and precancerous lesion / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical value of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) on early gastrointestinal cancer and precancerous lesion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The EMR data of 42 lesions from 28 patients, collected from Apr. 2001 to Dec. 2005, were retrospectively analyzed. All the lesions were confirmed histologically before and after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-two lesions were removed by the EMR from 28 patients. Lesion types observed under endoscopy were as follows: type I 9 lesions (type Isp 2 lesions, type Is 7 lesions), type II 33 lesions (type IIa 23 lesions, type IIa + IIc 4 lesions, type IIb 6 lesions). Thirty-eight EMRs were performed by using snare resection techniques and 4 EMRs by using suction cap-assisted techniques. The size of lesions changed from 0.6 cm x 0.6 cm to 3.0 cm x 3.5 cm. Complete resections were achieved in 36 of 40, among them, 2 lesions were divided into 2 pieces and 1 lesion was divided into 3 pieces. Post-EMR histopathologic evaluation revealed the following</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>carcinoma in 4 lesions, high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in 11 lesions, middle-grade dysplasia (MGD) in 17 lesions, adenoma in 6 lesions, non-adenoma in 2 lesions. The pathology match rate between local biopsy and EMR was 60.0%. The detection rates of cancer, HGD and MGD by EMR were higher than that by routine biopsy. No serious complications were seen in this study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endoscopic mucosal resection has significant impact on the endoscopic intervention treatment of early cancer and precancerous lesion in digestive tract.</p>

Expression of glutathione S-transferase-pi and DNA topoisomerase II alpha and their implications in colorectal carcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha, and their relationships with clinicopathological parameters in colorectal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha were detected by avidin-biotin-peroxide complex (ABC) method in tumor specimens, matched paratumor tissues from 60 cases with colorectal carcinoma and normal colonic tissues from 15 cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression rates of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha were 90.0% and 86.7% respectively in tumor tissues, significantly higher than those in matched paratumor tissues and normal tissues (P< 0.01). The expressions of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha were associated with cellular differentiation, Dukes stage and lymph node metastasis (all P< 0.01), but not with tumor size and histological type (all P > 0.05). The expression level of GST-pi was significantly higher in poorly differentiated tumors than that in well differentiated tumors. The expression level of Topo II-alpha in well-differentiated tumors were stronger than that in poorly differentiated tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The detection of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha expressions may be helpful to judge the malignant behavior, metastasis and prognosis in human colorectal carcinoma.</p>

Relationship between cyclooxygenase- 2 expression and angiogenesis in patients with gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate COX-2 expression in patients with gastric cancer and its relationship with angiogenesis and clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>COX-2 expression and CD34-stained microvessel density (MVD) were detected by immunohistochemical methods in specimens from 96 patients with gastric cancer. The correlations among COX-2 expression, MVD and clinicopathologic features were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The COX-2 positive rate and MVD in gastric cancer were significantly higher than those in the normal gastric mucosa (80.2% vs. 13.3%; 32.5+/- 8.3 vs. 13.1+/- 2.4, all P< 0.01). The COX-2 positive rate and MVD in the patients with stage III and IV were significantly higher (91.4% and 34.9+/- 8.7 respectively, P< 0.01), than that in the patients with stage I and II. The COX-2 positive rate and MVD in the cases with lymph node metastasis were 87.9% and (35.0+/- 8.5) respectively, higher than those in the cases without lymph node metastasis (P< 0.05). The Spearman rank correlation test showed a significant correlation between COX-2 expression and tumor MVD (r=0.311, P< 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>COX-2 plays an important role in gastric cancer angiogenesis. COX-2 and angiogenesis induced by COX-2 contribute to tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis.</p>

The study of calcification of autogenous bone marrow stem cell transplantation on alveolar bone defect in dogs / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of calcification of autogenous bone marrow stem cell transplantation in periodontal tissue regeneration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow stem cells derived from the same dog were cultured with alpha-MEM. 1 x 10(7) cells of first passage were allowed to attach to the collagen membrane for 24 hours. The membrane-cells were transplanted into periodontal defect in the same dog. Then the defects were covered with e-pTFE membranes. The defects covered only with e-pTFE without membrane-cells were served as control. Eighteen teeth of 6 dogs for every group were studied. The dogs were sacrificed after 6 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that new bone formation in test group was significantly higher than that of control group. The calcification of new bone in test group was better than control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results suggested that autogenous bone marrow stem cell transplantation with guided tissue regeneration technique could enhance periodontal tissue regeneration and could form new bone tissue fast and could shorten times of periodontal tissue regeneration in dogs.</p>