DNA metabarcoding to assess prey overlap between tuna and seabirds in the Eastern tropical Atlantic: Implications for an ecosystem-based management.

Overfishing has been drastically changing food webs in marine ecosystems, and it is pivotal to quantify these changes at the ecosystem level. This is especially important for ecosystems with a high diversity of top predators such as the Eastern Atlantic marine region. In this work we used high-throughput sequencing methods to describe the diet of the two most abundant tuna species, the Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and the Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), highly targeted by fisheries off west Africa. We also explored prey diversity overlap between these tuna species and the seabird species breeding in Cabo Verde that are most likely to share prey preferences and suffer from bycatch, the Brown booby (Sula leucogaster) and Cape Verde shearwater (Calonectris edwardsii). Overall, the diet of both tuna species was more diverse than that of seabirds. Skipjack tuna diet was dominated by prey from lower trophic levels, such as krill, anchovies, and siphonophores, while the Yellowfin tuna diet was mainly based on epipelagic fish such as flying and halfbeak fishes. Some of the most abundant prey families detected in the Yellowfin tuna diet were shared with both seabird species, resulting in a high prey diversity overlap between this tuna species and seabirds These results have implications for the management of tuna fisheries in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic, because a large decrease of both tuna species might have cascading effects on both primary and secondary consumer levels, and the decrease of these underwater predators may have implications on the viability of tropical seabird populations.

Envisaging a global infrastructure to exploit the potential of digitised collections.

Tens of millions of images from biological collections have become available online over the last two decades. In parallel, there has been a dramatic increase in the capabilities of image analysis technologies, especially those involving machine learning and computer vision. While image analysis has become mainstream in consumer applications, it is still used only on an artisanal basis in the biological collections community, largely because the image corpora are dispersed. Yet, there is massive untapped potential for novel applications and research if images of collection objects could be made accessible in a single corpus. In this paper, we make the case for infrastructure that could support image analysis of collection objects. We show that such infrastructure is entirely feasible and well worth investing in.

The Hummingbird Collection of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP), Portugal.

BACKGROUND: The Hummingbird (Family Trochilidae) Collection of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) is one of the oldest collections of this family harboured in European museums. Almost 2,000 specimens, that encompass most of the taxonomic diversity of this family, were collected in the late 19th Century. The collection is relevant due its antiquity and because all specimens were bought from the same provider, mainly as mounted specimens, for a Portuguese private collection of Neotropical fauna. In the early 20th Century, it was donated to the Museum that is now the MHNC-UP. NEW INFORMATION: The information about the majority of these specimens is now available for consultation on the GBIF platform after curation of all specimens and digital cleaning of the associated metadata. In the process, hundreds of non-catalogued specimens were found and taxonomic and spatial information was updated for many of the specimens.

What Is the Giant Wall Gecko Having for Dinner? Conservation Genetics for Guiding Reserve Management in Cabo Verde.

Knowledge on diet composition of a species is an important step to unveil its ecology and guide conservation actions. This is especially important for species that inhabit remote areas within biodiversity hotspots, with little information about their ecological roles. The emblematic giant wall gecko of Cabo Verde, Tarentola gigas, is restricted to the uninhabited Branco and Raso islets, and presents two subspecies. It is classified as Endangered, and locally Extinct on Santa Luzia Island; however, little information is known about its diet and behaviour. In this study, we identified the main plant, arthropods, and vertebrates consumed by both gecko subspecies using next generation sequencing (NGS) (metabarcoding of faecal pellets), and compared them with the species known to occur on Santa Luzia. Results showed that plants have a significant role as diet items and identified vertebrate and invertebrate taxa with higher taxonomic resolution than traditional methods. With this study, we now have data on the diet of both subspecies for evaluating the reintroduction of this threatened gecko on Santa Luzia as potentially successful, considering the generalist character of both populations. The information revealed by these ecological networks is important for the development of conservation plans by governmental authorities, and reinforces the essential and commonly neglected role of reptiles on island systems.

Unleashing the Potential of Public Genomic Resources to Find Parasite Genetic Data.

Genetic data generated by high-throughput sequencing and deposited in public databases are increasing exponentially. A substantial amount of these data is generated from wild animals, and can contain information from nontarget organisms, such as parasites. Methodologies that leverage this available information are warranted and can help to answer questions of general interest in parasitology.

Avaliação e caracterização das populações com dependentes internados em unidades de cuidados continuados integrados / Evaluation and characterization of informal caregivers in patients admitted to Intensive care units of two portuguese centers

Introdução: O envelhecimento das sociedades é um dado incontestável e Portugal não foge à regra. Embora esteja entre os países mais jovens da União Europeia (em 1996, o índice de envelhecimento era de 86 idosos para cada 100 jovens, enquanto na União Europeia a mesma proporção era de 91 para 100), estima-se que o envelhecimento da população portuguesa sofra um aumento progressivo. A estrutura etária está cada vez mais envelhecida, tendo baixos níveis de fecundidade e de mortalidade. Metodologia: Esta investigação teve como objetivos conhecer as características sociodemográficas dos cuidadores informais e dos utentes internados nas Unidades de Cuidados Continuados Integrados da cidade do Entroncamento e da cidade de Ourém, Portugal; avaliar o nível de dependência dos utentes internados e determinar o nível de sobrecarga subjetiva, satisfação do cuidador e impacto do cuidado nos cuidadores informais dos utentes internados nas Unidades de Cuidados Continuados Integrados da cidade do Entroncamento e da cidade de Ourém, Portugal. Como questões de investigação temos: Quais são as características sociodemográficas dos cuidadores informais e dos utentes internados nas Unidades de Cuidados Continuados Integrados da cidade do Entroncamento e da cidade de Ourém, Portugal; Qual é o nível de dependência dos utentes internados e Qual é o nível de sobrecarga subjetiva, satisfação do cuidador e impacto do cuidado nos cuidadores informais dos utentes internados nas Unidades de Cuidados Continuados Integrados da cidade do Entroncamento e da cidade de Ourém, Portugal. Recorreu-se a uma metodologia descritiva correlacional, com uma amostra não probabilística de conveniência de 32 cuidadores informais e respetivos dependentes internados na Unidade de Cuidados Continuados. Os dados sociodemográficos foram recolhidos com recurso a um questionário. Foi ainda aplicado a Escala de Avaliação do Cuidador, para aferir os níveis de sobrecarga subjetiva, satisfação do cuidador e impacto...

Introduction: The aging of societies is an incontestable fact and Portugal is no exception. Although among the youngest countries of the European Union (in 1996, the aging index was 86 elderly for every 100 young people, while the European Union in the same proportion was 91 to 100), it is estimated that the aging population undergoes a progressive increase. The age structure is growing older, having low levels of fertility and mortality. Methods: This research aims to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of informal caregivers and users admitted to the Continuous Care Units of Entroncamento city, and Ourém city, Portugal; assess the level of dependency of clients admitted and determine the level of subjective burden, caregiver satisfaction and impact of care on informal caregivers of clients admitted to the Continuous Care Units of Entroncamento city, and Ourém city, Portugal. As research questions are: What are the sociodemographic characteristics of informal caregivers and users admitted to the Continuous Care Units of Entroncamento city, and Ourém city, Portugal; What is the level of dependency of clients admitted and What is the level of subjective burden, caregiver satisfaction and impact of care on informal caregivers of clients admitted to the Continuous Care Units of Entroncamento city, and Ourém city, Portugal. We used a descriptive correlational methodology, with a non-probability convenience sample of 32 informal caregivers and respective dependents admitted to the Continuing Care Unit. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. It was also applied to the Caregiver Assessment Scale, to measure the levels of subjective burden, caregiver satisfaction and impact of care on informal caregivers, and the Barthel Index to determine the functional dependence of the dependent institutionalized. Complex hypotheses have also been identified, non-directional, namely...