Androgenetic Alopecia in Children and Adolescents: From Trichoscopy to Therapy.

Introduction: Pediatric androgenetic alopecia is a product of hormonal and genetic factors. The diagnosis depends on recognizing the hair loss pattern in the context of a positive family history and a typical trichoscopy. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study assessing medical data from January 2008 to January 2023 of two reference centers - one public and one private in west Mexico. Patients under 18 years old were included. The clinical features, trichoscopic findings, associated conditions, and treatment received were documented and analyzed. Results: We found 145 patients, with a mean age of 16.08 ± 1.30 years, predominantly comprising males (72%). Trichoscopy was performed on 33 patients. The main trichoscopic findings were hair shaft thickness variability in 100% of the cases, vellus hair in 85%, and single-hair units in 79%. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 84% of the cases with laboratory determination, insulin resistance in 33%, and hyperandrogenemia in 12.5%. Topical minoxidil emerged as the main treatment modality in 24% of cases, demonstrating both efficacy and tolerability. Conclusion: Pediatric androgenetic alopecia could be more prevalent than commonly perceived, potentially explained by the lower level of suspicion among medical practitioners. Distinctive trichoscopic findings offer valuable guidance for therapeutic strategies and ongoing management.

Diet and Maternal Obesity Are Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress in Newborns: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Overweight and obesity have become a world-health public problem, mainly for developing countries. Both health conditions have a higher prevalence among women of childbearing age. Physiopathology, overweight and obesity are characterized by a chronic oxidative stress status, which has deleterious effects on mothers and children. Hence, we determine whether the qualities of diet during pregnancy and maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) are associated with increased oxidative stress markers in mothers and newborns. Two hundred forty-two (242) mother-newborn pairs were classified according to their pregestational BMI. Information on food intake was collected using a food frequency questionnaire in the third trimester of pregnancy. Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO) were measured in plasma from mothers at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy and from cord blood at birth. MDA and NO levels in mother-newborn pairs with maternal pregestational overweight or obesity were higher than in mother-newborn pairs with pregestational normal weight. For women (and newborns) who had a higher intake of fruit and vegetables, the levels of NO and MDA were lower. Lastly, women with pregestational obesity had lower fruit and vegetable intake during pregnancy and higher levels of oxidative stress and in their newborns.

Maternal Obesity as a Risk Factor for the Development of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in Their Offspring.

The incidence of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) in the Caucasian population is 2.5/100,000 live births (LB), and the incidence in the Hispanic population is 19.8/100,000 LB. Without knowing the exact etiology for the development of congenital heart disease, our objective was to determine the maternal factors associated with the development of TAPVC. METHODS: 55 mother-child binomials with isolated TAPVC (group I) and 152 healthy mother-child binomials (group II) were included. Both groups had no maternal history of addiction, pre-eclampsia, or type 1, 2 or gestational diabetes mellitus. Complete clinical histories were obtained for the women in both groups and perinatal and birth data were recorded. In addition, genealogies across three generations were constructed to determine affected first- or second-degree relatives with complex congenital heart disease. RESULTS: Among the maternal characteristics analyzed, women in group I had a higher number of pregnancies before gestation of the index case (p = <0.05), and the Body Mass Index (BMI) before pregnancy was higher compared to Group II (p < 0.05), with an adjusted risk of OR = 3.6 (p = 0.011). The family history showed a higher prevalence in the group of patients with TAPVC compared to healthy children (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Maternal obesity before pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of CATVP in children in the Mexican population.