RESUMO
COVID-19 is a currently pandemic disease that worries professionals in all areas of the Health Sciences. Current literature indicates that certain components of the stomatognathic system (such as lips, oral mucosa, tongue, and tonsils) express ACE2 receptors, responsible for the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the human cell. This expression has a big impact on organular compromise, turning the oral cavity not only into an important route of viral entry but also into a region with the possibility of various manifestations such as xerostomia, halitosis, chemosensory alteration, opportunistic coinfection, and mucosal lesions. The fact that mouth manifestations are reported in the early stages of this disease suggests a possible predictive nature, which would make them very useful for diagnostic referral. In this sense, it is important that the dental professional knows how to recognize this early presentation symptomatology, being able to presumptively detect patients with COVID-19 in whom a significant systemic commitment has not yet been consolidated. This would allow the referral to medical consultation for definitive diagnostic purposes and, if correct, prevent both transmission and the advancement of the disease in the patient. Based on this important work, this review article synthesizes the scientific evidence published in the last 3 years (2019-2021 period) about the oral manifestations of COVID-19.
RESUMO
Formative research together with scientific teaching production are very early ways of teaching the research process, which implies the research culture that must be established from the undergraduate level, taking into account its purpose, which is the dissemination of knowledge generated through scientific publication, for which it must seek to overcome the main obstacles that faculty scientific production presents. In the Peruvian universities that teach dentistry, formative research has been promoted to strengthen future research in the field of health sciences, being the faculty scientific production of utmost importance for the contribution to the advancement of science and implication of the students with that cause. The aim of this paper is to carry out a review on some aspects of faculty scientific production and formative research in Peruvian dental schools.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura sobre las buenas prácticas en salud bucal, durante los primeros 1000 días de vida, el cual abarcó el periodo de gestación y los dos primeros años del niño. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica desde febrero a marzo de 2022, para lo cual se utilizó las bases de datos Pubmed y Scopus. Los criterios de inclusión abarcaron artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas (con o sin metanálisis) publicados entre 2016 y 2022. Se emplearon estrategias de búsqueda usando palabras clave, en inglés, derivadas del MeSH. Además, se revisó la literatura gris para definir algunos conceptos clave. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 72 artículos científicos y cuatro referencias de la literatura gris (una guía de práctica clínica y tres reportes). Los temas identificados se categorizaron en: buenas prácticas de higiene bucal, buenas prácticas de alimentación de la gestante y el infante, hábitos parafuncionales, y visitas al odontólogo. De acuerdo a los resultados, las recomendaciones clave para promover buenas prácticas de salud bucal durante este periodo crucial incluyen el uso de pasta dentífrica con flúor para la higiene dental una vez que erupcionan los dientes, evitar el consumo de azúcar libre, fomentar la lactancia materna en vez del uso del biberón y las visitas al odontólogo desde antes del nacimiento. Conclusión: Las buenas prácticas en salud bucal durante los primeros 1000 días de vida influyen significativamente en la salud oral y general del niño, por lo que es necesario adoptar medidas preventivas desde la gestación, enfocadas en la higiene oral y nutrición. La colaboración de un equipo de salud multidisciplinario, durante el embarazo y los dos primeros años de vida, es vital para mejorar la salud bucodental y general de la población.
Objective: To conduct a bibliographic literature review on current good practices in oral health during the first 1000 days of life, encompassing the gestation period and the initial two years of the child. Materials and methods:A scientific literature review was conducted in February and March 2022, utilizing the Pubmed and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria encompassed original articles and systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis) published between 2016 and 2022. Search strategies incorporating English keywords derived from MeSH were employed. Additionally, the grey literature was reviewed to define some key concepts. Results:72 scientific articles, and four references from the grey literature (one clinical practice guide and three reports) were selected. The identified themes were categorized as follows: good oral hygiene practices, good feeding practices for pregnant women and infants, parafunctional habits, and dental visits. Based on the findings, the key recommendations for promoting good oral health practices during this crucial period include the use of fluoride toothpaste for oral hygiene once teeth erupt, avoidance of free sugar consumption, encouragement of breastfeeding over bottle-feeding, and early dental visits before birth. Conclusion:Good oral health practices during the first 1000 days of life significantly impact the child's oral and general health, necessitating preventive measures starting from gestation, with a focus on oral hygiene and nutrition. The collaborative efforts of a multidisciplinary healthcare team during pregnancy and the initial two years of life are vital for enhancing both oral and general health outcomes for the population.
RESUMO
Introducción: La calidad del aprendizaje en odontología depende en gran medida del tipo y tiempo de práctica que se dedique con estos fines. El diseño y fabricación asistidos por computadora (CAD/CAM) que al ofrecer significativas mejoras en diversos aspectos dentro del modelado dental, advierten con reemplazar al método tradicional del modelado en yeso. Objetivo: Resumir información referente al uso de la tecnología CAD/CAM dentro del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación dental. Métodos: Se consultaron las bases de datos MEDLINE y SciELO a través de los términos diseño asistido por computadora, CAD/CAM, enseñanza, educación dental y educación en odontología. Fueron seleccionados 36 documentos publicados a partir del año 2015. Se analizaron las categorías: definición y usos, viabilidad en la educación dental, perspectiva estudiantil, ventajas y desventajas. Análisis e integración de la información: El diseño y manufactura asistidos por computadora es un sistema tecnológico de prototipado rápido que es capaz de materializar modelos digitales diseñados en una interfaz externa, a partir de la información del escaneo realizado. Su incorporación a la educación dental se ha dado de forma dispareja y no sincronizada, debido al gasto económico requerido tanto para la compra del equipo y adaptación de las instalaciones como para la capacitación del personal pertinente. Conclusión: La aplicación del diseño y manufactura asistidos por computadora permite la creación de modelos dentales con grandes beneficios para el entrenamiento práctico. Asimismo, favorece el acercamiento hacia la estandarización de la enseñanza y la objetividad al momento de calificar el trabajo de los estudiantes realizado sobre estos modelos. La barrera económica sigue siendo una fuerte limitante para la implementación del diseño y manufactura asistidos por computadora en la educación dental, pese a ello, los estudiantes suelen presentar aceptación y una gran predisposición para su uso y aplicación(AU)
Introduction: The quality of learning in dentistry depends to a great extent on the type and time of practice devoted to these purposes. Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) that, by offering significant improvements in various aspects within dental modeling, warns of replacing the traditional method of modeling in plaster. Objective: Summarize information regarding the use of CAD/CAM technology within the teaching-learning process of dental education. Methods: A search was conducted in the databases MEDLINE and SciELO using the descriptors omputer-aided design, CAD/CAM, teaching and dental education. A total 36 documents were selected, published as of the year 2015. The variables considered were definition and uses, viability in dental education, student perspective, advantages and disadvantages. Data analysis and integration: Computer-aided design and manufacturing is a rapid prototyping technological system capable of materializing digital models designed in an external interface based on scanned information. Its incorporation into dental education has been uneven and unsynchronized, due to the expenses required by the purchase of equipment, adaptation of existing facilities and training of the relevant personnel. Conclusion: Computer-aided design and manufacturing makes it possible to create dental models which are very beneficial to practical training. It is also a step forward on the road to standardization of teaching and objectivity when grading the work done by students on these models. Economic limitations continue to strongly handicap the implementation of computer-aided design and manufacturing in dental education. Despite this, students recognize its usefulness and have shown their willingness to apply it(AU)