A Novel AIE-Active Salicylaldehyde-Schiff Base Probe with Carbazole Group for Al3+ Detection in Aqueous Solution.

A donor-acceptor Schiff-base fluorescent probe BKS with chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism was designed and synthesized via benzophenone(Acceptor), salicylaldehyde and carbazole(Donor) for Al3+ detection, which exhibited typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic. BKS probe could provide outstanding selectivity to Al3+ with a prominent fluorescence "turn-on" at 545 nm in a wide pH range from 2 to 11. By the Job's plot, the binding stoichiometry ratio of probe BKS to Al3+ was determined 1:1. The proposed strategy offered a very low limit of detection at 1.486 µM in THF/H2O(V/V = 1:4, HEPBS = 10 mM, pH = 7.40), which was significantly lower than the standard of WHO (Huang et al., Microchem J 151:104195, 2019)-(Yongjie Ding et al., Spectrochim Acta Mol Biomol Spectrosc 167:59-65, 2021) guidelines for drinking water. BKS probe could provide a wider linear detection range of 50 to 500 µM. Furthermore, the probe could hardly be interfered by other examined metal ions. The analysis of Al3+ in real water samples with appropriate recovery (100.72 to 102.85) with a relative standard deviation less than 2.82% indicated the accuracy and precision of BKS probe and the great potential in the environmental monitoring of Al3+.

Advances of nanopore-based sensing techniques for contaminants evaluation of food and agricultural products.

Food safety assurance systems are becoming more stringent in response to the growing food safety problems. Rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection technology is a prerequisite for the establishment of food safety assurance systems. Nanopore technology has been taken as one of the emerging technology capable of dealing with the detection of harmful contaminants as efficiently as possible due to the advantage of label-free, high-throughput, amplification-free, and rapid detection features. Start with the history of nanopore techniques, this review introduced the underlying knowledge of detection mechanism of nanopore-based sensing techniques. Meanwhile, sensing interfaces for the construction of nanopore sensors are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, this review covers the current advances of nanopore techniques in the application of food safety screening. Currently, the establishment of nanopore sensing devices is mainly based on the blocking current phenomenon. Sensing interfaces including biological nanopores, solid-state nanopores, DNA origami, and de novo designed nanopores can be used in the manufacture of sensing devices. Food harmful substances, including heavy metals, veterinary drugs, pesticide residues, food toxins, and other harmful substances can be quickly determined by nanopore-based sensors. Moreover, the combination of nanopore techniques with advanced materials has become one of the most effective methods to improve sensing properties.

Potential enzymes involved in beer monoterpenoids transformation: structures, functions and challenges.

Monoterpenes are important flavor and fragrance compounds in food. In beer, the monoterpenes mainly come from hops added during boiling process. Biotransformations of monoterpene which occurred during fermentation conferred beer with various kinds of aroma profiles, which can be mainly attributed to the contribution of enzymes in yeast. However, there are few reports on the identification and characterization of these enzymes in yeast. Illustrating the structure and functions of key enzymes related to transformations will broaden their potential applications in beer or other foodstuffs. Monoterpenoids including terpene hydrocarbons (limonene, myrcene, and pinene) and terpene alcohol (linalool, geraniol, nerol, and citronellol) gave the beer flower-like or fruit-like aroma. The biotransformation of monoterpenes and monoterpene alcohols in bacteria and yeast, and potential enzymes related to the transformation of them are reviewed here. Enzymes primarily are dehydrogenases including linalool dehydrogenase/isomerase, geraniol/geranial dehydrogenase, nerol dehydrogenase and citronellol dehydrogenase. Most of them are substrate-specific or substrate-specific after modifications by biotechnology methods, and part of them have been expressed in E. coli, while the purification and catalytic rate is very low. Efforts should be made to acquire abundant enzymes, and to fabricate enzyme-expressing yeast, which can be further applied in beer fermentation system.highlightsMonoterpenoids contributed to the flavor of food, especially beer.Transformation of monoterpenoids occurred during fermentation.Various kinds of enzymes are involved in the transformation of monoterpenoids in bacteria, yeast, etc.Crystal structures of these enzymes have been partially resolved.Few enzymes are further applied in food system to obtain abundant flavor.

Zinc nutrition and dietary zinc supplements.

As the second most abundant trace element in the human body, zinc nutrition is constantly a hot topic. More than one-third population is suffering zinc deficiency, which results in various types of diseases or nutritional deficiencies. Traditional ways of zinc supplementation seem with low absorption rates and significant side effects. Zinc supplements with dietary components are easily accessible and improve zinc utilization rate significantly. Also, mechanisms of maintaining zinc homeostasis are of broad interest. The present review focuses on zinc nutrition in human health in inductive methods. Mainly elaborate on different diseases relating to zinc disorder, highlighting the impact on the immune system and the recent COVID-19. Then raise food-derived zinc-binding compounds, including protein, peptide, polysaccharide, and polyphenol, and also analyze their possibilities to serve as zinc complementary. Finally, illustrate the way to maintain zinc homeostasis and the corresponding mechanisms. The review provides data information for maintaining zinc homeostasis with the food-derived matrix.

Redesign of protein nanocages: the way from 0D, 1D, 2D to 3D assembly.

Compartmentalization is a hallmark of living systems. Through compartmentalization, ubiquitous protein nanocages such as viral capsids, ferritin, small heat shock proteins, and DNA-binding proteins from starved cells fulfill a variety of functions, while their shell-like structures hold great promise for various applications in the field of nanomedicine and nanotechnology. However, the number and structure of natural protein nanocages are limited, and these natural protein nanocages may not be suited for a given application, which might impede their further application as nanovehicles, biotemplates or building blocks. To overcome these shortcomings, different strategies have been developed by scientists to construct artificial protein nanocages, and 1D, 2D and 3D protein arrays with protein nanocages as building blocks through genetic and chemical modification to rival the size and functionality of natural protein nanocages. This review outlines the recent advances in the field of the design and construction of artificial protein nanocages and their assemblies with higher order, summarizes the strategies for creating the assembly of protein nanocages from zero-dimension to three dimensions, and introduces their corresponding applications in the preparation of nanomaterials, electrochemistry, and drug delivery. The review will highlight the roles of both the inter-subunit/intermolecular interactions at the key interface and the protein symmetry in constructing and controlling protein nanocage assemblies with different dimensions.

Characterization of bitter-tasting and antioxidant activity of dry-hopped beers.

BACKGROUND: Bitter flavors and antioxidant activities are critical characteristics and indicators, respectively, of beer quality. To gain a better understanding of dry-hopped beer's bitterness, this work comprehensively evaluated the perceived bitterness intensity and bitterness attributes from aspects of beer aroma and non-volatile bitter compounds using sensory analysis under two conditions: (i) with and (ii) without nose clips. To quantify bitter and volatile compounds, the work conducted chromatographic analyses: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Simultaneously, this work assessed the antioxidant activity of commercially dry-hopped beers. RESULTS: First, dry-hopped beer in this study contained abundant non-volatile bitter compounds (hop bitter acids, polyphenols and flavonoids), and aroma was validated using HPLC, UPLC-MS and GC-MS methods. Moreover, the bitter-tasting perception test findings demonstrated that many dry-hopped beers had a higher bitterness intensity when evaluated without a nose clip, whereas this phenomenon was adverse in several ale beers. Additionally, the 'lingering' and 'harsh' characteristics were diminished when beer aroma was blocked out (with nose clip) for dry-hopped beer. Meanwhile, most dry-hopped beers had greater antioxidant activity than ale beers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This work revealed the bitterness complexity of dry-hopped beer; besides non-volatile bitter compounds, beer aroma had an impact on the perceived bitterness intensity and attributes, and dry-hopped beer had a relatively intense antioxidant capacity. This study facilitated the development of a detailed knowledge about the assessment of bitter-tasting perceptions in dry-hopped beers and provided a basis for the development of functional beer benefiting human health. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Near infrared light fluorescence imaging-guided biomimetic nanoparticles of extracellular vesicles deliver indocyanine green and paclitaxel for hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy against glioma.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the therapeutic effect of targeting extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and paclitaxel (PTX) on glioma. METHODS: Raw264.7 cells were harvested to extract EVs for the preparation of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV by electroporation and click chemistry. We evaluated the success of modifying Neuropilin-1 targeting peptide (RGE) on the EV membrane of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were implemented for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the ICG and PTX loaded in EVs. Photothermal properties of the vesicles were evaluated by exposing to 808-nm laser light. Western blot analysis, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), Calcein Acetoxymethyl Ester/propidium iodide (Calcein-AM/PI) staining, and flow cytometry were utilized for assessing effects of vesicle treatment on cellular behaviors. A nude mouse model bearing glioma was established to test the targeting ability and anti-tumor action of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV in vivo. RESULTS: Under exposure to 808-nm laser light, ICG/PTX@RGE-EV showed good photothermal properties and promotion of PTX release from EVs. ICG/PTX@RGE-EV effectively targeted U251 cells, with activation of the Caspase-3 pathway and elevated apoptosis in U251 cells through chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia. The anti-tumor function of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV was confirmed in the glioma mice via increased accumulation of PTX in the ICG/PTX@RGE-EV group and an increased median survival of 48 days in the ICG/PTX@RGE-EV group as compared to 25 days in the PBS group. CONCLUSION: ICG/PTX@RGE-EV might actively target glioma to repress tumor growth by accelerating glioma cell apoptosis through combined chemotherapy-hyperthermia.

Key Enzymes Involved in the Synthesis of Hops Phytochemical Compounds: From Structure, Functions to Applications.

Humulus lupulus L. is an essential source of aroma compounds, hop bitter acids, and xanthohumol derivatives mainly exploited as flavourings in beer brewing and with demonstrated potential for the treatment of certain diseases. To acquire a comprehensive understanding of the biosynthesis of these compounds, the primary enzymes involved in the three major pathways of hops' phytochemical composition are herein critically summarized. Hops' phytochemical components impart bitterness, aroma, and antioxidant activity to beers. The biosynthesis pathways have been extensively studied and enzymes play essential roles in the processes. Here, we introduced the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of hop bitter acids, monoterpenes and xanthohumol derivatives, including the branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT), branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), carboxyl CoA ligase (CCL), valerophenone synthase (VPS), prenyltransferase (PT), 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase (HDR), Geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS), monoterpene synthase enzymes (MTS), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), chalcone synthase (CHS_H1), chalcone isomerase (CHI)-like proteins (CHIL), and O-methyltransferase (OMT1). Furthermore, research advancements of each enzyme in terms of reaction conditions, substrate recognition, enzyme structures, and use in engineered microbes are described in depth. Hence, an extensive review of the key enzymes involved in the phytochemical compounds of hops will provide fundamentals for their applications in beer production.

Designed Two- and Three-Dimensional Protein Nanocage Networks Driven by Hydrophobic Interactions Contributed by Amyloidogenic Motifs.

Precise manipulation of protein self-assembly by noncovalent interactions into programmed networks to mimic naturally occurring nanoarchitectures in living organisms is a challenge due to its structural heterogeneity, flexibility, and complexity. Herein, by taking advantage of both the hydrophobic forces contributed by the "GLMVG" motif, a kind of amyloidogenic motif (AM), and the high symmetry of protein nanocages, we have built an effective protein self-assembly strategy for the construction of two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) protein nanocage arrays. According to this strategy, "GLMVG" AMs from ß-amyloid 42 were grafted onto the outer surface of a 24-mer ferritin nanocage close to its C4 symmetry channels, initially resulting in the production of subgrade 2D nanocage arrays and ultimately generating 3D highly ordered arrays with a simple cubic packing pattern as the reaction time increases. More importantly, the reversibility and the formation rate of these protein arrays can be modulated by pH. This work provides a de novo design strategy for accurate control over 2D or 3D protein self-assemblies.

Interactions between plant proteins/enzymes and other food components, and their effects on food quality.

Plant proteins are the main sources of dietary protein for humans, especially for vegetarians. There are a variety of components with different properties coexisting in foodstuffs, so the interactions between these components are inevitable to occur, thereby affecting food quality. Among these interactions, the interplay between plant proteins/enzymes from fruits and vegetables, cereals, and legumes and other molecules plays an important role in food quality, which recently has gained a particular scientific interest. Such interactions not only affect the appearances of fruits and vegetables and the functionality of cereal products but also the nutritive properties of plant foods. Non-covalent forces, such as hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, and van der Waals forces, are mainly responsible for these interactions. Future outlook is highlighted with aim to suggest a research line to be followed in further studies.

Four-fold channels are involved in iron diffusion into the inner cavity of plant ferritin.

From an evolutionary point of view, plant and animal ferritins arose from a common ancestor, but plant ferritin exhibits different features as compared with the animal analogue. One major difference is that the 4-fold channels naturally occurring in plant ferritin are hydrophilic, whereas the 4-fold channels in animal ferritin are hydrophobic. Prior to this study, however, the function of the 4-fold channels in oxidative deposition of iron in phytoferritin remained unknown. To elucidate the role of the 4-fold channels in iron oxidative deposition in ferritin, three mutants of recombinant soybean seed H-2 ferritin (rH-2) were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis, which contained H193A/H197A, a 4-fold channel mutant, E165I/E167A/E171A, a 3-fold channel mutant, and E165I/E167A/E171A/H193A/H197A, where both 3- and 4-channels were mutated. Stopped-flow, electrode oximetry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that H193A/H197A and E165I/E167A/E171A exhibited a similar catalyzing activity of iron oxidation with each other, but a pronounced low activity compared to rH-2, demonstrating that both the 4-fold and 3-fold hydrophilic channels are necessary for iron diffusion in ferritin, followed by oxidation. Indeed, among all tested ferritin, the catalyzing activity of E165I/E167A/E171A/H193A/H197A was weakest because its 3- and 4- fold channels were blocked. These findings advance our understanding of the function of 4-fold channels of plant ferritin and the relationship of the structure and function of ferritin.

Zn(2+) rather than Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) used as a cofactor in non-muscular actin from the oyster to control protein polymerization.

BACKGROUND: The major cytoskeletal protein of most cells is actin, which polymerizes to form actin filaments (F-actin). Each actin monomer (G-actin) contains a divalent alkaline earth metal ion (in vivo Mg(2+); in vitro usually Ca(2+)) as a cofactor that is crucial for protein polymerization. Prior to this study, however, whether or not other types of metal ions can play the same role as Mg(2+) or Ca(2+) in actins remains unknown. METHODS: A new actin from the gills of oyster (AGO) was prepared and characterized by protein purification techniques, SDS- and native-PAGE, and LC-MS\MS for the first time. The property of this protein was studied by CD, fluorescence and UV/vis spectroscopy, laser light scattering, and TEM. RESULTS: AGO is a monomer with a MW of ~42kDa. AGO is unique among all known actins in that Zn(2+) is only a naturally binding metal in the protein, and that one native AGO molecule binds 8 zinc ions, which can be removed by EDTA treatment at pH7.2. The presence of zinc has a great effect on the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. Correlated with such effect is that these zinc ions in native AGO facilitate protein polymerization, whereas removal of zinc ions from native AGO results in a loss of such polymerization property. CONCLUSIONS: The present work demonstrates that AGO is a novel zinc-binding protein with high capacity, and high selectivity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This work extends an understanding of the function of zinc and actin.

Incremental RPN: Hierarchical Region Proposal Network for Apple Leaf Disease Detection in Natural Environments.

Apple leaf diseases can seriously affect apple production and quality, and accurately detecting them can improve the efficiency of disease monitoring. Owing to the complex natural growth environment, apple leaf lesions may be easily confused with background noise, leading to poor performance. In this study, a cascaded Incremental Region Proposal Network (Inc-RPN) is proposed to accurately detect apple leaf diseases in natural environments. The proposed Inc-RPN has a two-layer RPN architecture, where the precursor RPN is leveraged to generate diseased leaf proposals, and the successor RPN focuses on extracting target disease spots based on diseased leaf proposals. In the successor RPN, a low-level feature aggregation module is designed to fully utilize the bridged features and preserve the semantic information of the target disease spots. An incremental module is also leveraged to extract aggregated diseased leaf features and target disease spot features. Finally, a novel position anchor generator is designed to generate anchors based on diseased leaf proposals. The experimental results show that the proposed Inc-RPN performs very well on the FALD_CED and Apple Leaf Disease datasets, showing that it can accurately perform apple leaf disease detection tasks.

Metals at the Helm: Revolutionizing Protein Assembly and Applications.

Protein assembly is an essential process in biological systems, where proteins self-assemble into complex structures with diverse functions. Inspired by the exquisite control over protein assembly in nature, scientists have been exploring ways to design and assemble protein structures with precise control over their topologies and functions. One promising approach for achieving this goal is through metal coordination, which utilizes metal-binding motifs to mediate protein-protein interactions and assemble protein complexes with controlled stoichiometry and geometry. Metal coordination provides a modular and tunable approach for protein assembly and de novo structure design, where the metal ion acts as a molecular glue that holds the protein subunits together in a specific orientation. Metal-coordinated protein assemblies have shown great potential for developing functional metalloproteinase, novel biomaterials and integrated drug delivery systems. In this review, an overview of the recent advances in protein assemblies benefited from metal coordination is provided, focusing on various protein arrangements in different dimensions including protein oligomers, protein nanocage and higher-order protein architectures. Moreover, the key metal-binding motifs and strategies used to assemble protein structures with precise control over their properties are highlighted. The potential applications of metal-mediated protein assemblies in biotechnology and biomedicine are also discussed.

Vertasile ferritin nanocages: Applications in detection and bioimaging.

Food safety and human health remain significant concerns in the food industry. Detecting food contaminants and diagnosing diseases are critical aspects. Ferritin, an iron storage protein widely found in nature, offers unique advantages. Its hollow protein nanocage structure, distinct interfaces, hydrophobic or hydrophilic channels, and B-C loop regions recognized by transferrin receptor 1 make ferritin versatile for detecting heavy metals, free radicals, and bioimaging both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes ferritin's general characteristics, its specific properties as biosensors, and its applications in food safety and in vivo imaging. It emphasizes not only ferritin's role in detecting heavy metals like mercury and chemical hazards but also its potential in early diagnosing chronic diseases such as tumors, macrophages, and kidney diseases. Further research into ferritin promises advancements in enhancing food safety and improving human health diagnostics.

Both Hemocyanin and ß-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein from the Shrimp Shell of Litopenaeus vannamei Are Responsible for Its Color Change from Brown to Red during Thermal Processing.

Because of the composition and structural complexity of crustacean shells, their color change mechanism during thermal processing remains unclear. This study identified and characterized two intrinsic protein components, hemocyanin (Lv-Hc) and ß-1,3-glucan-binding protein (Lv-BGBP) from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp shells by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and mass spectrometry. It was found that a mixture of Lv-Hc, a gray protein, and Lv-BGBP (which is a natural astaxanthin-binding protein with a red color) is responsible for the brown color of fresh shrimp shells. Upon heating to 100 °C, the mixture of these proteins turned red, mimicking the color change observed in cooked shrimp shells. This transition is attributed to the extremely high thermal stability of Lv-BGBP, which has the ability to protect astaxanthin from thermal induced degradation. These findings provide significant insights into the molecular mechanism governing shrimp shell coloration, advancing our understanding of crustacean biochemistry.

Comparison of recombinant protein Z with natural protein Z derived from malt: From structure to functional properties.

Protein Z (PZ) is a prominent albumin found in the endosperm of barley seeds with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa. Its multifaceted functional attributes, including trypsin- and thrombin-inhibiting bioactivities and superior foaming properties, have garnered significant attention in research. Considering the post-translational modifications of PZ natural in barley malt, we tried to express recombinant protein Z (rPZ) in E. coli. The present study aims to undertake a comparative analysis between natural PZ and rPZ in order to elucidate their respective characteristics. After spectral analysis, there are significant differences in their secondary and tertiary structures. In addition, rPZ showed superior foamability and foam stability. As for the serpin-like activity, the inhibition rate of rPZ is much higher than that of PZ. In contrast with the inhibition activity, the digestability of rPZ is much lower than that of PZ. As for the cargo carrier properties, rPZ showed an excellent ability to stabilize astaxanthin at 37 °C. These results suggest that rPZ is more suitable as protein carrier, due to the high foamability, serpin-like activity and low digestive stability, which not only give a brief view of recombinant protein, but also give a direction for PZ in cargo delivery.

Understanding the Role of Filamentous Actin in Food Quality: From Structure to Application.

Actin, a multifunctional protein highly expressed in eukaryotes, is widely distributed throughout cells and serves as a crucial component of the cytoskeleton. Its presence is integral to maintaining cell morphology and participating in various biological processes. As an irreplaceable component of myofibrillar proteins, actin, including G-actin and F-actin, is highly related to food quality. Up to now, purification of actin at a moderate level remains to be overcome. In this paper, we have reviewed the structures and functions of actin, the methods to obtain actin, and the relationships between actin and food texture, color, and flavor. Moreover, actin finds applications in diverse fields such as food safety, bioengineering, and nanomaterials. Developing an actin preparation method at the industrial level will help promote its further applications in food science, nutrition, and safety.

Construction of An Artificial Photosynthesis System with A Single CdS QDs-Ferritin Hybrid Molecule.

Establishing artificial photosynthesis systems in a simple but effective manner to mitigate the greenhouse effect and address the energy crisis remains challenging. The combination of photocatalysis technology with bioengineering is an emerging field with great potential to construct such artificial photosynthesis systems, but so far, it has barely been explored in this area. Herein, an artificial photocatalysis platform is constructed with high CO2 conversion and H2O splitting capability by integration of CdS QDs into the intra-subunit interface of H-type ferritin (Marsupenaeus japonicus), a natural ferroxidase through protein interface redesign. The crystal structure of the synthesized CdS QDs with engineered ferritin molecules as bio-templates confirmed the design at an atomic level. Notably, upon absorbing desirable visible light (≈420 nm), such a single CdS-ferritin hybrid molecule is able to selectively catalyze the reduction of CO2 into HCOOH (≈90%), meanwhile catalyzing the oxidation of H2O into O2 in an aqueous environment. The O2 production rate reached to 180 µmol g-1 h-1, and the HCOOH output hit almost 800 µmol g-1 h-1. This work advances the utilization of the four-helix bundle structure for crafting artificial photosynthesis systems, facilitating the seamless integration of bioengineering and photocatalysis technology.

Chicoric acid inserted in protein Z cavity exhibits higher stability and better wound healing effect under oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress is one of the limiting factors that inhibit wound healing. Phytochemicals especially chicoric acid have the potential to act as an antioxidant and scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby promoting wound healing. However, most of the phytochemicals were easy to be degraded during storage or using due to the oxidative status in wound site. Herein, we introduce a high stable protein Z that can encapsulate chicoric acid during foaming. TEM results showed that the size of protein Z-chicoric acid is in the range of nanoscale (named PZ-CA nanocomposite), and protein Z encapsulation can significantly improve the stability of chicoric acid under oxidative stress. Moreover, PZ-CA nanocomposite exhibited favorable antioxidant properties, biocompatibility, and the ability to promote cell migration in vitro. The role of PZ-CA nanocomposite in skin regeneration was explored by a mice model. Results in vivo suggest that the PZ-CA nanocomposite promotes wound healing with a faster rate as compared with a commercial spray solution, mostly through attenuating the oxidative stress, promoting cell proliferation and collagen deposition. This work not only provides a delivery vector for bioactive molecules, but also develops a kind of nanocomposite with the property of promoting wound healing.