RESUMO
After repeated, 10-20 absorptions of ALS with one-half of its volume of unwashed human erythrocytes, performed each time for 30 min. at room temperature, the titres of the undesired thrombo-agglutinins and thrombolysins can be reduced or these antibodies can be eliminated from ALS. After absorption anticomplementarity of ALS increases and the lymphocytotoxin titre declines. The optimal number of absorptions which would not reduce markedly the immunosuppressive activity of ALS remains to be determined.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Heterófilos , Soro Antilinfocitário , Plaquetas/imunologia , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Aglutininas , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Imunização , Coelhos/imunologiaRESUMO
In the microlymphocytotoxic test, specific HLA sera reacted positively with 74.74% of 99 examined samples of lymphocytes which failed to have corresponding HLA antigens yet contained HLA antigens cross-reacting with the given HLA antibody. In the serum of some patients HLA antibodies were established against HLA antigens cross-reacting with the antigens of the patient. The results show that it is not suitable to select thrombocyte and leukocyte donors on the basis of cross-reacting antigens. Therapy of patients with HLA antibodies may be clinically unsuccessful and even result in posttransfusion reaction. Patients who do not have HLA antibodies may develop them.
Assuntos
Soro Antilinfocitário/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Transfusão de Plaquetas , Reação Transfusional , Doadores de Sangue , Reações Cruzadas , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , HumanosRESUMO
The author analyzed possibilities as regards the solution of paternity suits where paternity depends whether on the HLA 1 locus he is a homozygote or not. The authors presents a case of solution of a suit where the result depended on whether the man is a HLA-A2 homozygote or whether he has on the locus along with HLA-A2 also HLA-28 antigen.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/genética , Homozigoto , Paternidade , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
In 79 leukaemic subjects (42 with acute leukaemia, 37 with chronic myelosis) the authors assessed HLA-DR antigens 1-5.7 and their frequency. As compared with a group of 130 healthy subjects, no significant difference was found. The results do not support a possible relationship of HLA-DR antigens and leukaemia.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Leucemia/imunologia , HumanosRESUMO
Twelve monocytotoxic sera were examined with 15 samples of monocytes, using the micromonocytotoxic and micromonoagglutination test. Weak agglutinins [+/-, +] were detected concurrently with cytotoxins only in 3 of 180 examinations at 37 degrees C. Monocytotoxins were found in 23.33% of reactions. From the results ensues that the existence of monocytic agglutinins is dubious.
Assuntos
Aglutininas/análise , Monócitos/imunologia , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , HumanosRESUMO
The author describes a new method of isolation of monocytes from peripheral blood, involving hypertonization of the blood and isolation of monocytes by centrifuging above a gradient of hypertonic Lymphoprep. The method makes it possible to obtain a monocyte suspension with at least 85% cells; there are no B lymphocytes in the suspension and the monocytes are not damaged. The quality of the thus obtained monocytes was tested by examination with monocytic sera and with HLA-DR antibodies, whereby the test was concurrently made with monocytes obtained by adherence and with B lymphocytes.
Assuntos
Separação Celular , Monócitos , Separação Celular/instrumentação , Separação Celular/métodos , Centrifugação , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Humanos , Soluções Hipertônicas , Monócitos/imunologiaRESUMO
In experiments in vitro it proved possible to bind HLA antigens in serum on erythrocytes after 4 to 48 hours incubation at 20 degrees C and 4 degrees C. With the period of incubation the amount of bound HLA antigens increased. The absorption and neutralization test revealed that the HLA antigen content of erythrocytes, thrombocytes and serum in a given subject is the same. HLA antigens present on the erythrocytes of some subjects were not removed from their surface even after nursing 15 times with saline. Based on the results of the experiment it is not possible to decide whether HLA antigens detected on red blood cells are an integral part of their membrane or whether they are bound to the red cells from plasma.
Assuntos
Membrana Eritrocítica/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/sangue , HumanosRESUMO
HLA antigens on erythrocytes were assessed concurrently by three tests--the indirect antiglobulin, two-stage bromelin and absorption test--using polyspecific and monospecific sera against HLA antigens A1, A2, B7, B8 and B12. Evidence obtained by the bromelin test was successful only in rare instances. The positivity of the absorption test increased with the number of saturations: after triple saturation of the HLA serum with erythrocytes of the same subject readings were obtained twice to three times more frequently than after single absorption. As compared with the indirect antiglobulin test, the positive erythrocyte reactions in the absorption test were less frequent: with polyspecific HLA sera in 36.97% as compared with 78.15%, with monospecific HLA sera in 63.64% as compared with 100%. The absorption test is a suitable method for detection of HLA antigens on erythrocytes, supplementing the indirect antiglobulin test.
Assuntos
Eritrócitos/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/análise , HumanosRESUMO
The paper describes a case of the recombination of HLA-A and HLA-B, C loci appearing in one out of three children, found in a paternity dispute. The recombination referred to haplotypes inherited from the mother.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/genética , Paternidade , Recombinação Genética , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
HLA sera were absorbed with erythrocytes with proved HLA antigens and blood cells with HLA-A, B antigens absorbed in vitro from serum. Both types of red cells were 5x to 15x washed in saline and exposed for two hours to the action of 15% chloroquine. The degree of absorption of HLA antibodies and the decline of the score were equal or slightly different after absorption with erythrocytes with own or quinked HLA antigens. Washing in saline or processing of blood cells with chloroquine did not affect the resulting absorption. From the results of the experiment ensues that the link of HLA-A, B antigens is equally firm blood cells isolated from the peripheral blood stream and blood cells where the antigens were linked to them in vitro from serum. This suggests that the view is justified that the majority of HLA-A, B antigens detected in blood cells is secondarily linked from plasma.
Assuntos
Eritrócitos/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/análise , Antígenos HLA-A/análise , Antígenos HLA-B/análise , HumanosRESUMO
Typing of 38-43 HLA antigens ruled out paternity in 33.75% of 726 men suspected, during 198 revisions in 71.72%. In 63.57% the man was ruled out concurrently in loci HLA-A and B incl. in 79.33% where the man and child had all HLA-A, B antigens different. Locus HLA-A alone was ruled out in 8.01%, locus HLA-B in 28.17%; in a single case the man was ruled out in locus HLA-C only. By family investigations the man was ruled out in three of 11 cases. In two cases of paternity of twins the man was ruled out from paternity only of one child. In one case superfecundation was involved, confirmed in systems Duffy, Inv, Hp, AP, in the second case the man was ruled out from paternity of the second child in the Hp system. Male carriers of antigens of haplotypes frequent in the population were not ruled out from paternity in high percentages: with HLA antigens A1, B8 in 37.19%, A2, B7 in 19.54%, A2, B12 in 24.72%, A3, B7 in 37.14%.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/análise , Paternidade , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The author investigated the effect of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25% chloroquine on HLA-A,B antigens on lymphocytes and on the reaction HLA-A,B antigen-antibody. HLA-A,B antigens are not released by chloroquine from the lymphocyte surface and their expressivity does not change, as was revealed by examination of the micro-lymphocytotoxic and absorption test. Higher concentrations of chloroquine cause poly-reactivity of lymphocytes. A 20%, 15% and sometimes also 10% and 5% of chloroquine solution block the reaction HLA-A, B antigen--HLA antibodies. The reason for this is the destructive action of chloroquine on rabbit complement.
Assuntos
Cloroquina/farmacologia , Antígenos HLA-A/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígenos HLA-B/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , HumanosRESUMO
The author describes a peculiar case of a paternity suite where the accused died and his parents were also dead. Possible paternity was assessed by examination of HLA antigen of his ex-wife and daughter from his former marriage and in his sisters.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/genética , Paternidade , Feminino , Antígenos HLA/análise , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
For evaluation of the results of HLA examinations in paternity disputes the objective finding that the man has HLA antigens which the child inherited from the father, is decisive. The controversy as regards heredity ensuing from assessment of HLA haplotypes of the man by family studies is caused by recombination. The author presents a case of this type.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/genética , Paternidade , Recombinação Genética , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The authors describe four cases of paternity suits where the paternity was not ruled out according to HLA antigens and was ruled out in signs of erythrocyte, serum and enzyme systems, although the capacity of the HLA system was high, in two instances above 98%. From the results ensues that it is useful to supplement the examination by erythrocyte, serum and enzyme systems in those instances where HLA typing was performed first and the man was not ruled out.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/análise , Paternidade , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The authors describe a rare paternity suit where paternity was ruled out in the HLA system only in locus HLA-C. The absence of HLA-Cw2 antigen on the lymphocytes was proved by the negative results confirmed by the same result on examination of the erythrocytes Ss system.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Paternidade , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The author described an uncommon case when neither of two men (former husband and another man) who were considered possible fathers of the child, could be ruled out as potential fathers based on examination of signs of 19 erythrocyte, serum and enzyme systems and 59 HLA-A, B, C antigens and their subtypes. The eliminating capacity of the examination was 99.86%; paternity was, based on probability calculation, practically proved (p = 99.9925% and 99.90%). According to statements of parties in the dispute the other man is the child's father. The author discusses perspectives of DNA examinations.
Assuntos
Paternidade , Feminino , Antígenos HLA/análise , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
HLA antigens A1, 2, 9, 10, B5, 7, 8, 12, 35 were determined on 28 samples of healthy persons' thrombocytes by means of three tests; the microabsorption and immunofluorescence tests and the ELISA technique. Identification with the ELISA test was exceptional. Unlike the microabsorption test, the immunofluorescence test was employed to identify HLA antigens with only some sera as a rule. Identical positive results of both the microabsorption and the immunofluorescence tests were rather infrequent. The authors could not corroborate literary reports on difficulties in the identification of the antigens HLA-B8 and HLA-B12, certain problems were encountered in the case of the HLA-B7 antigen only. A discussion is presented of the causes of the different results of each of the tests, and of the relevance of the results for transfusions of platelet concentrates chosen on the basis of lymphocytic cross-matching.
Assuntos
Plaquetas/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-A/análise , Antígenos HLA-B/análise , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Técnicas de ImunoadsorçãoRESUMO
The authors compare the sensitivity of the testing methods for determining HLA-DR antigens on B-lymphocytes and monocytes (classical eosin technique) with the fluorescence cytotoxic tests (FCT). The assessment of results of DR specificity determination in blood donors and patients with blood disease showed comparability of the tests. The rate of concordance ranged from 88-89%. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Assuntos
Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
The authors describe an uncommon case when despite the great eliminating capacity of the HLA system a man in this system was eliminated only from paternity of one twin; as to the other twin, surprisingly he was eliminated in the Hp serum system.