Lavender oil preparation Silexan is effective in mild-to-moderate major depression: a randomized, placebo- and reference-controlled trial.

Anxiety and depressive disorders have overlapping symptoms and share common neurobiological pathways. Antidepressant drugs have been demonstrated to be efficacious in anxiety as well. Vice versa, it may also be promising to investigate the efficacy of anxiolytic drugs such as silexan in major depressive disorder (MDD). Patients with a mild or moderate, single or recurrent episode of MDD and a total score of 19-34 points on the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were randomized to receive 1 × 80 mg/d silexan, 1 × 50 mg/d sertraline, or placebo double-blind, double-dummy for 56 days. The primary outcome measure was the MADRS total score change between baseline and treatment end. Treatment groups were compared using a treatment policy estimand. 498 subjects (silexan 170, sertraline 171, placebo 157) were treated and analyzed. After 8 weeks, silexan and sertraline were superior to placebo for MADRS total score reduction, with absolute differences to placebo of 2.17 (95% confidence interval: 0.58; 3.76) points and 2.59 (1.02; 4.17) points, respectively (p < 0.01). Moreover, silexan was superior to placebo for alleviation of functional impairment according to the Sheehan Disability Scale with a difference of 2.40 (1.04; 3.76) points (p < 0.001). Both treatments were well tolerated; eructation was the most frequent adverse effect of silexan. The study confirms the antidepressant efficacy of silexan in mild or moderate MDD, including significant improvements in the subjects' functional capacity. The results for sertraline confirm the assay sensitivity of the trial. Both drugs were well tolerated.Trial registrationEudraCT2020-000688-22 first entered on 12/08/2020.

Revisiting benzodiazepines (GABA Enhancers):A transdiagnostic and precision medicine approach.

Since the mid 1980's, there has been an increased focus on the side effects of benzodiazepines (GABA enhancers), and as a result there has been a decrease in their use. We have systematically reviewed recent studies of GABA enhancers in psychiatry, and highlight evidence of their utility which may impact their negative conceptualization in clinical practice. We propose a new perspective on the appropriate use of these medications and describeclinical reasoning underpinning the use of benzodiazepine (GABA enhancers) based on their effect on specific receptors. A translational approach, involving a more comprehensive characterization of GABA receptors and their neuroscience-based mechanisms allows for a more precise use of this medication class. By adopting a precision person-centered approach, instead of a categorical approach, supports the prescribing of GABA enhancers when a cross-cutting transdiagnostic assessment shows anxiety symptoms associated with clinical impairment.

Baseline symptom severity and efficacy of Silexan in patients with anxiety disorders: A symptom-based, patient-level analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

The influence of baseline severity on the efficacy of Silexan, a proprietary essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia, in anxiety disorders has not been investigated in a pooled dataset. We report on an individual patient data analysis of all five double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials with Silexan in anxiety disorders. Eligible participants received Silexan 80 mg/d or placebo for 10 weeks. Analyses were based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), its psychic and somatic anxiety subscores, and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. To correlate baseline severity with outcome, patients were segregated into mild, moderate, and severe cases. Altogether 1,172 patients (Silexan, n = 587; placebo, n = 585) were analyzed. For the HAMA total score, we found a significant association between the score at baseline and the treatment effect of Silexan versus placebo at week 10 (p < 0.001). HAMA items from the somatic domain scored lower at baseline and showed less improvement than items from the psychic domain, particularly in patients with mild or moderate baseline symptoms. For CGI item 2 (global improvement), significant efficacy favoring Silexan were observed in mild, moderate, and severe baseline symptom severity. Although significant improvements were found for all subsets, the more severe the initial symptoms, the greater the treatment effects documented by the HAMA. Overall this analysis confirms that Silexan is an effective treatment option in early or mild stages of anxiety disorder. Given its favorable safety profile, Silexan can thus fill a therapeutic gap in the treatment of (subsyndromal) anxiety disorders.

Two Sides of Theory of Mind: Mental State Attribution to Moving Shapes in Paranoid Schizophrenia Is Independent of the Severity of Positive Symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment has repeatedly been found in paranoid schizophrenia. The current study aims at investigating whether this is related to a deficit in ToM (undermentalizing) or an increased ToM ability to hyperattribute others' mental states (overmentalizing). METHODS: Mental state attribution was examined in 24 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (12 acute paranoid (APS) and 12 post-acute paranoid (PPS)) with regard to positive symptoms as well as matched healthy persons using a moving shapes paradigm. We used 3-T-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to provide insights into the neural underpinnings of ToM due to attributional processes in different states of paranoid schizophrenia. RESULTS: In the condition that makes demands on theory of mind skills (ToM condition), in patients with diagnosed schizophrenia less appropriate mental state descriptions have been used, and they attributed mental states less often to the moving shapes than healthy persons. On a neural level, patients suffering from schizophrenia exhibited within the ToM network hypoactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and hyperactivity in the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) as compared to the healthy sample. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate both undermentalizing and hypoactivity in the MPFC and increased overattribution related to hyperactivity in the TPJ in paranoid schizophrenia, providing new implications for understanding ToM in paranoid schizophrenia.

Diretrizes da World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) para tratamento biológico de transtornos depressivos unipolares, 1ª parte: tratamento agudo e de continuação do transtorno depressivo maior / World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, part 1: acute and continuation treatment of major depressive disorder

Estas diretrizes práticas para o tratamento biológico de transtornos depressivos unipolares foram desenvolvidas por uma Força-Tarefa internacional da Federação Mundial de Sociedades de Psiquiatria Biológica (WFSBP). O objetivo ao desenvolver tais diretrizes foi rever sistematicamente todas as evidências existentes referentes ao tratamento de transtornos depressivos unipolares e produzir uma série de recomendações práticas com significado clínico e científico, baseadas nas evidências existentes. Têm como objetivo seu uso por todos os médicos que atendam e tratem pacientes com essas afecções. Os dados usados para o desenvolvimento das diretrizes foram extraídos primariamente de várias diretrizes e painéis nacionais de tratamento para transtornos depressivos, bem como de metanálises e revisões sobre a eficácia dos antidepressivos e outras intervenções de tratamento biológico identificadas por uma busca no banco de dados MEDLINE e Cochrane Library. A literatura identificada foi avaliada quanto à força das evidências sobre sua eficácia e, então, categorizada em quatro níveis de evidências (A a D). Esta primeira parte das diretrizes abrange definição, classificação, epidemiologia e evolução dos transtornos depressivos unipolares, bem como tratamento das fases aguda e de manutenção. As diretrizes se referem primariamente ao tratamento biológico (incluindo antidepressivos, outros medicamentos psicofarmacológicos e hormonais, eletroconvulsoterapia, fototerapia, estratégias terapêuticas complementares e novas) de adultos jovens e também, embora em menor grau, de crianças, adolescentes e adultos idosos.

These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal for developing these guidelines was to systematically review all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, and to produce a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating patients with these conditions. The data used for developing these guidelines have been extracted primarily from various national treatment guidelines and panels for depressive disorders, as well as from meta-analyses and reviews on the efficacy of antidepressant medications and other biological treatment interventions identified by a search of the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and was then categorized into four levels of evidence (A-D). This first part of the guidelines covers disease definition, classification, epidemiology and course of unipolar depressive disorders, as well as the management of the acute and continuation-phase treatment. These guidelines are primarily concerned with the biological treatment (including antidepressants, other psychopharmacological and hormonal medications, electroconvulsive therapy, light therapy, adjunctive and novel therapeutic strategies) of young adults and also, albeit to a lesser extent, children, adolescents and older adults.

Diretrizes da World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) para tratamento biológico de transtornos depressivos unipolares, 2ª parte: tratamento de manutenção do transtorno depressivo maior e tratamento dos transtornos depressivos crônicos e das depressões subliminares / World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, part 2: maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder and treatment of chronic depressive disorders and subthreshold depressions

Estas diretrizes práticas para o tratamento biológico de transtornos depressivos unipolares foram desenvolvidas por uma Força-Tarefa internacional da Federação Mundial de Sociedades de Psiquiatria Biológica (WFSBP). O objetivo ao desenvolver tais diretrizes foi rever sistematicamente todas as evidências existentes referentes ao tratamento de transtornos depressivos unipolares e produzir uma série de recomendações práticas com significado clínico e científico, baseadas nas evidências existentes. Têm como objetivo seu uso por todos os médicos que atendam e tratem pacientes com essas afecções. Os dados usados para o desenvolvimento das diretrizes foram extraídos primariamente de várias diretrizes e painéis nacionais de tratamento para transtornos depressivos, bem como de metanálises e revisões sobre a eficácia dos antidepressivos e outras intervenções de tratamento biológico identificadas por uma busca no banco de dados MEDLINE e Cochrane Library. A literatura identificada foi avaliada quanto à força das evidências sobre sua eficácia e, então, categorizada em quatro níveis de evidências (A a D). Esta primeira parte das diretrizes abrange definição, classificação, epidemiologia e evolução dos transtornos depressivos unipolares, bem como tratamento das fases aguda e de manutenção. As diretrizes se referem primariamente ao tratamento biológico (incluindo antidepressivos, outros medicamentos psicofarmacológicos e hormonais, eletroconvulsoterapia, fototerapia, estratégias terapêuticas complementares e novas) de adultos jovens e também, embora em menor grau, de crianças, adolescentes e adultos idosos.

These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal for developing these guidelines was to systematically review all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of the complete spectrum of unipolar depressive disorders, and to produce a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating patients with these conditions. The data used for developing these guidelines have been extracted primarily from various national treatment guidelines and panels for depressive disorders, as well as from meta-analyses and reviews on the efficacy of antidepressant medications and other biological treatment interventions identified by a search of the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and was then categorized into four levels of evidence (A-D). The first part of these WFSBP guidelines on unipolar depressive disorders covered the acute and continuation treatment of major depressive disorder (Bauer et al., 2002). This second part of the guidelines covers the management of the maintenance-phase treatment of major depressive disorder, as well as the treatment of chronic and subthreshold depressive disorders (dysthymic disorder, double depression, minor depressive disorder and recurrent brief depression). These guidelines are primarily concerned with thebiological treatment (including antidepressants, lithium, other psychopharmacological and hormonal medications, and electroconvulsive therapy) of young adults and also, albeit to a lesser extent, children, adolescents and older adults.

Diretrizes da Federação Mundial das Sociedades de Psiquiatria Biológica para o tratamento biológico da esquizofrenia. Parte 1: tratamento agudo / World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia. Part 1: acute treatment

Estas diretrizes para o tratamento biológico da esquizofrenia foram desenvolvidas pela Força-Tarefa da Federação Mundial das Sociedades de Psiquiatria Biológica (World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, WFSBP). A meta fixada durante o desenvolvimento destas diretrizes foi rever sistematicamente todas as evidências disponíveis referentes ao tratamento da esquizofrenia, tanto no âmbito clínico como científico, e chegar a um consenso sobre as principais recomendações para a prática psiquiátrica. Estas diretrizes são destinadas a todos os médicos que atendem e tratam de pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia. Os dados usados para desenvolver estas diretrizes foram extraídos primariamente de vários painéis e diretrizes nacionais de tratamento para esquizofrenia, assim como de metanálises, revisões e estudos clínicos randomizados sobre a eficácia do tratamento farmacológico e de outras intervenções terapêuticas biológicas, identificadas por uma busca nas bases de dados MedLine e Biblioteca Cochrane. A literatura identificada foi avaliada no que diz respeito à solidez das evidências a favor da eficácia de uma dada intervenção e, então, categorizada em quatro níveis de evidências (de A a D). A primeira parte das diretrizes abrange a definição da doença, sua classificação, a epidemiologia e o curso da esquizofrenia, assim como o manejo terapêutico de fase aguda. Estas diretrizes são primariamente relacionadas ao tratamento biológico de adultos esquizofrênicos, incluindo medicação antipsicótica, outras opções de tratamento farmacológico, terapia eletroconvulsiva, estratégias terapêuticas recentes e complementares.

These guidelines for the biological treatment of schizophrenia were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal during the development of these guidelines was to review systematically all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of schizophrenia, and to reach a consensus on a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating people with schizophrenia. The data used for developing these guidelines have been extracted primarily from various national treatment guidelines and panels for schizophrenia, as well as from meta-analyses, reviews and randomised clinical trials on the efficacy of pharmacological and other biological treatment interventions identified by a search of the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and then categorised into four levels of evidence (A/D). This first part of the guidelines covers disease definition, classification, epidemiology and course of schizophrenia, as well as the management of the acute phase treatment. These guidelines are primarily concerned with the biological treatment (including antipsychotic medication, other pharmacological treatment options, electroconvulsive therapy, adjunctive and novel therapeutic strategies) of adults suffering from schizophrenia.

Diretrizes da Federação Mundial das Sociedades de Psiquiatria Biológica para o tratamento biológico da esquizofrenia. Parte 2: tratamento de longo prazo / World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia. Part 2: long-term treatment

Estas diretrizes para o tratamento biológico da esquizofrenia foram desenvolvidas pela Força-Tarefa da Federação Mundial das Sociedades de Psiquiatria Biológica (World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, WFSBP). As metas fixadas durante o desenvolvimento destas diretrizes foi a revisão sistemática de todas as evidências disponíveis referentes ao tratamento da esquizofrenia, tanto no âmbito clínico como no científico, e o estabelecimento de um consenso sobre as principais recomendações para a prática psiquiátrica. Estas diretrizes são destinadas a todos os médicos que atendem e tratam de pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia. Os dados usados para desenvolver estas diretrizes foram extraídos primariamente de vários painéis e diretrizes nacionais para o tratamento da esquizofrenia, assim como de metanálises, revisões e estudos clínicos randomizados sobre a eficácia do tratamento farmacológico e de outras intervenções terapêuticas biológicas, identificadas por uma busca nas bases de dados MedLine e na Biblioteca Cochrane. A literatura identificada foi avaliada quanto à solidez das evidências a favor da eficácia de determinada intervenção, sendo, então, categorizada em quatro níveis de evidência (de A a D). A segunda parte das diretrizes abrange o tratamento de longo prazo, bem como o controle dos efeitos colaterais relevantes. Essas diretrizes são primariamente relacionadas ao tratamento biológico de adultos esquizofrênicos, incluindo medicação antipsicótica, outras opções de tratamento farmacológico, eletroconvulsoterapia, estratégias terapêuticas recentes e complementares.

These guidelines for the biological treatment of schizophrenia were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal during the development of these guidelines was to review systematically all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of schizophrenia, and to reach a consensus on a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating people with schizophrenia. The data used for developing these guidelines have been extracted primarily from various national treatment guidelines and panels for schizophrenia, as well as from meta-analyses, reviews and randomised clinical trials on the efficacy of pharmacological and other biological treatment interventions identified by a search of the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and then categorised into four levels of evidence (A/D). This second part of the guidelines covers the long-term treatment as well as the management of relevant side effects. These guidelines are primarily concerned with the biological treatment (including antipsychotic medication, other pharmacological treatment options, electroconvulsive therapy, adjunctive and novel therapeutic strategies) of adults suffering from schizophrenia.

Predice la mejoría precoz inducida por los antidepresivos la respuesta/remisión? Análisis de los datos de un estudio naturalista en una muestra a gran escala de pacientes hospitalizados con depresión mayor / Does early improvement triggered by antidepressants predict response/remission? - Analysis of data from a naturalistic study on a large sample of inpatients with major depression

El inicio lento de acción de los antidepresivos y la elevada proporción de pacientes con una respuesta insuficiente, o no respondedores, son retos clínicos bien conocidos. Por esta razón, parece necesario identificar las variables predictoras de la respuesta e incluso, lo que es más importante, de la remisión. Se ha sugerido que la reducción de los síntomas depresivos en un estadio precoz del tratamiento antidepresivo podría predecir su resultado. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar si en un estudio naturalista a mayor escala, efectuado en una cohorte de pacientes hospitalizados con depresión mayor, se confirmaría esta hipótesis derivada de los ensayos aleatorizados y controlados (EAC), efectuados en pacientes ambulatorios. Los pacientes fueron tratados con diversos antidepresivos y medicación concomitante de acuerdo con el protocolo desarrollado a partir de las directrices clínicas basadas en la evidencia. Métodos La presente investigación fue un estudio naturalista prospectivo, a gran escala. Todos los pacientes (n=795) fueron hospitalizados y cumplían los criterios DSM-IV de depresión mayor de acuerdo con la structured clinical interview (SCID, ‘entrevista clínica estructurada’). Las evaluaciones se efectuaron cada 2 semanas. En dos visitas diferentes se examinaron diversas definiciones de mejoría precoz (reducción del 20, 25 y 30% en las puntuaciones totales basales obtenidas en la escala de depresión de Hamilton [HAMD-21]). Para las diferentes definiciones de mejoría precoz se calcularon la sensibilidad, especificidad y los valores predictivos. Se efectuaron análisis ROC (curva de eficacia diagnóstica), al igual que modelos de regresión logística. La respuesta se definió como una mejoría del 50% de la puntuación basal total obtenida en la escala HAMD-21 y la remisión como una puntuación ≤7 en el momento del alta. Además, se analizó el tiempo transcurrido hasta la respuesta calculando las estimaciones de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier para la definición de la mejoría precoz «óptima» en comparación con ninguna. Se efectuaron análisis de subgrupo para examinar si los resultados eran homogéneos a través de los subgrupos de tratamiento. Resultados: El 48,8% de pacientes de la muestra del presente estudio manifestó remisión. La tasa de respuesta global fue del 79,6%. Una disminución del 20% en la puntuación basal total obtenida en la escala HAMD-21 en el día 14 proporcionó una sensibilidad del 75% y una especificidad del 59% para la predicción de la respuesta. Esta definición de mejoría precoz fue una variable predictora incluso más sensible de remisión (80%), con una especificidad limitada (43%). Un valor de la AUC de alrededor de 0,68 de la respuesta precoz (mejoría del 20%) indica una «predictividad» satisfactoria para ambos intervalos de tiempo examinados (día 14 y 28) y solo cambió ligeramente con los porcentajes más altos en la reducción de la puntuación (AUC=0,71 y 0,73, respectivamente). Más de un tercio (37%) de todos los pacientes que no habían mostrado mejoría en el día 14 seguían sin manifestarla en el curso tardío del tratamiento (casi la mitad de todos los pacientes [43%] en el día 28). Se obtuvieron resultados similares mediante los análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier. La prueba del log-rank reveló un tiempo significativamente más prolongado hasta la respuesta en pacientes sin mejoría precoz (p<0,0001). Limitaciones: Los resultados se evaluaron mediante un análisis post-hoc basado en datos obtenidos prospectivamente. Es preciso mencionar diversos problemas del diseño naturalista, en especial la ausencia de un grupo de control y que tan solo pudo considerarse un número limitado de factores de estratificación. Conclusión: Los resultados respaldan los hallazgos previos de que la mejoría precoz en las 2 primeras semanas puede predecir con una elevada sensibilidad la respuesta y la remisión posterior, incluso en pacientes hospitalizados que presentan una depresión más grave. Puesto que empleamos un diseño de estudio naturalista, los datos pueden considerarse la replicación de los resultados previos extraídos de los EAC en un contexto naturalista. Encontramos un efecto antidepresivo global que fue constante a través de los subgrupos de tratamiento con respecto a los valores de sensibilidad. No obstante, somos conscientes de la imposibilidad de los estudios sobre efectividad para extraer relaciones causales del tratamiento a partir de una estrategia no controlada. Sin embargo, es posible que la replicación de los estudios previos indique que durante el tratamiento, en caso de ausencia de mejoría precoz, puede acelerarse un cambio de fármaco (AU)

Background: Delayed onset of efficacy of antidepressants and a high proportion of depressed patients being poor or non-responders to antidepressants are well known clinical challenges. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to identify predictors for response and –even more important – for remission. It has been suggested that reduction of depressive symptoms at an early stage of antidepressant treatment may predict treatment outcome. Our objective was to test, if this hypothesis derived from randomized controlled studies (RCTs) in outpatients, would be confirmed in a large naturalistic study in a cohort of inpatients with major depression. Patients were treated with various antidepressants and co-medication according to the protocol based on evidence based clinical guidelines. Methods: This was a large naturalistic prospective study. All patients (N=795) were hospitalized and met DSM-IV criteria for major depression according to a structured clinical interview (SCID). Assessments were conducted biweekly. Several definitions of early improvement (20%, 25% and 30% reduction in HAMD-21 baseline total scores) at two different visits were tested. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated for the different definitions of early improvement. ROC-analyses as score and remission as a score of ≤7 at discharge. Additionally, time to response was analyzed by computing Kaplan–Meier survival estimates for the "best" early improvement definition in comparison to non early improvement. Subgroup analyses were conducted to test whether the results were consistent across treatment subgroups. Results: In total, 48.8% of patients in our sample were remitters. The overall response rate was 79.6%. A 20% reduction of HAMD-21 total baseline score at Day 14 provided a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 59% for response prediction. This definition of early improvement was an even more sensitive predictor for remission (80%) with a limited specificity (43%). The AUC value of about 0.68 for early response (20% improvement) indicates good predictability for both time intervals tested (Day 14 and Day 28) and changed only marginally with increased percentages in score reduction (AUC=0.71 and 0.73, respectively). More than one third (37%) of all patients who had not improved at Day 14 showed not response in the later treatment course (this was the case for nearly half of all patients (43%) at Day 28). Similar results were obtained by Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Log-rank test showed significantly longer time to response in patients with non-early improvement (pb0.0001). Limitations: Results were assessed by a post-hoc analysis based on prospectively collected data. Several caveats of a naturalistic design must be mentioned, especially there was no control group and only a limited number of stratification factors could be considered. Conclusion: The results support earlier findings that early improvement in the first two weeks may predict with high sensitivity later response and remission, even in hospitalized patients suffering from a more severe degree of depression. Since we used a naturalistic study design, the data may be considered as a replication of previous results drawn from RCTs in a naturalistic environment. We found a global antidepressant effect which was consistent across treatment subgroups regarding sensitivity values. However, we are aware of the inability of effectiveness studies to draw causal treatment relationships from the uncontrolled approach. Nevertheless, the replication of previous results might indicate that a drug switch during treatment in case of lack of early improvement could be accelerated (AU)

Каковы наиболее эффективные стратегии диагностики и лечения депрессии на уровне специализированной медицинской помощи?

Данный сводный доклад Сети фактических данных по вопросам здоровья (СФДЗ) посвящен вопросам наиболее эффективных стратегий диагностики и лечения при ведении депрессии. Существует ряд хорошо документированных методов лечения депрессии, включая медикаментозное лечение и психотерапию. Сотрудничество между учреждениями первичной и специализированной помощи, включая клиническое обучение и ведение пациентов медсестрами, имеет важнейшее значение для эффективного лечения депрессии, способствуя улучшению показателей выявления, распознавания, диагностики и лечения. Конечные результаты лечения улучшаются при соблюдении методических рекомендаций, основанных на фактических данных. Учитывая тот факт, что пожилые люди, страдающие депрессией, наименее охвачены услугами лечебно-профилактических служб, важное значение приобретает поддержка практики самолечения, что подтверждается документально. Сеть фактических данных по вопросам здоровья (СФДЗ), работа которой была инициирована и координируется Eвропейским региональным бюро ВОЗ, представляет собой информационную службу для лиц, принимающих решения в области общественного здравоохранения и медицинской помощи в Европейском регионе ВОЗ. СФДЗ может также быть полезна и другим заинтересованным сторонам.

What are the most effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the management of depression in specialist care?

This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report on the most effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the management of depression. There are well documented treatments for depression, mainly pharmaceuticals and psychotherapy. Collaboration across primary and specialty care including clinician education and nurse case management is of key importance in effective management of depression, enhancing its detection, recognition, diagnosis and treatment. Adherence to evidence-based guidelines improves treatment outcomes. The importance of support in self-management, in particular for elderly people suffering from depression, is well documented in view of the fact that these individuals are particularly underserved. HEN, initiated and coordinated by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, is an information service for public health and health care decision-makers in the WHO European Region. Other interested parties might also benefit from HEN.