The double impact of deep social unrest and a pandemic: Evidence from Chile.

This work studies the impact of the Social Explosion and COVID-19 crisis on the household sector in Chile. The Social Explosion in October 2019 represented a mass protest, much larger than similar events in other nations such as the yellow jackets. Using delinquency models calibrated with survey data, I show that household debt risk increased substantially after the Social Explosion across all income backgrounds but fell slightly with the COVID-19 pandemic due to the public policies implemented. The expansion of the public support policies in August 2020 decreased the debt risk to levels similar to before the two crises.

Impact conjugué d'un profond malaise social et d'une pandémie : l'exemple du Chili. Cet article étudie l'impact lié à l'explosion sociale et à la crise de la COVID­19 sur le secteur des ménages au Chili. Les troubles sociaux ayant secoué le pays en octobre 2019 se sont traduits par un mouvement de protestation populaire d'une ampleur bien supérieure à d'autres manifestations comparables à travers le monde, notamment celle des gilets jaunes. Grâce à des modèles de défaillance calibrés à des données d'enquête, je montre qu'après cette période d'agitation sociale, le risque d'endettement des ménages s'est considérablement accru pour toutes les tranches de revenu mais qu'à la faveur des politiques publiques mises en œuvre, celui­ci a légèrement diminué avec la pandémie de COVID­19. L'élargissement des politiques publiques d'accompagnement d'août 2020 ont permis de réduire le risque d'endettement à des niveaux similaires à ceux observés avant les deux crises.

Data projections of the replacement ratios for the cohorts of retirees in Chile under different policy reforms.

This article provides five panel datasets for the projections of the mean replacement ratios of pension income relative to the worker's income. The time dimension is from year 2022 until 2055. The panel groups consider the gender, income and education of the workers. Furthermore, the variables consider different scenarios for the social security system: (1) a baseline with the current policies, (2) an increase of retirement age to 67 years, (3) an increase of the retirement age to 67 years and a 6% increase of the contribution rate, with a rate of 0-3% going to solidarity funds.

Dataset of the savings rate and future wealth variables for a sample of Chilean households.

This article provides a pooled cross-sectional sample of Chilean households from 4 survey waves (1997, 2007, 2012, 2017). The data has information on the demographics of the household, labor participation and occupation, savings rates, plus wealth of different sources. The data is available in both Excel and Stata formats. It is an important data for the study of savings, wages, pensions and wealth inequality.

The impact of climate change on economic output across industries in Chile.

Using region-industry panel data for Chile over the period 1985 to 2017, we find no effect of precipitation changes on GDP and a negative impact of higher summer temperatures on Agriculture-Silviculture and Fishing. An increase of one Celsius degree in the month of January implies a 3% and 12% GDP reduction in Agriculture and Fishing, respectively. There is also a negative effect of higher temperatures in January on Construction and Electricity, Gas, and Water. Our analysis suggests that climate change did not have a big impact on the Chilean economy during this period. Stress test exercises that select only the negative and statistically significant coefficients imply that the Chilean GDP would fall between -14.8% and -9% in 2050 and between -29.6% and -16.8% in 2100, according to our model.

"Dataset of calibrated simulations of the Chilean pensions by cohorts under different policy reforms until 2055".

This article provides data projections of replacement ratios of the pension income relative to the last labor earnings for the Chilean cohorts of retirees between 2015 and 2055. Time series are presented for the percentiles 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 and 99 of each cohort to fully characterize the heterogeneity of the living standards during retirement over the entire period. The datasets are available in Excel and Stata. The dataset is useful for academics, policy makers and financial analysts to plot the impact of policies such as increasing the contribution rate or delaying the retirement age on the pension income of future retirees for each generation between 2015 and 2055. The dataset also shows the heterogeneous impact of those policies including statistics for the mean plus the percentiles 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 and 99 of the population of retirement cohorts.

"Mortgage renegotiation, monetary gains and financial literacy: A dataset of Chilean households".

This article provides data on the Mortgage Renegotiation behavior of a sample of Chilean households, plus estimates of the Present Value of the gains of mortgage refinancing and the number of past months in which it was optimal to make a refinancing choice. Furthermore, I impute the value of the Financial Literacy index of each household, according to the OCDE-INFE methodology. This data is useful for academics, policy makers and business analysts interested in the relationship between mortgage refinancing and financial literacy.

Data article "Explaining the cyclical volatility of consumer debt risk using a heterogeneous agents model: The case of Chile".

This article provides data on the simulation results of consumer debt default for bank and non-bank lenders in Chile, using the model described in Ref. [1]. Furthermore, it provides a summary description of all the codes used for the simulation exercises and how to implement them from publicly available microdata sources. The data is of particular interest for those interested in analyzing the sensitivity of consumer loan default to heterogeneous labor market shocks and aggregate interest rates. All the codes and datasets are in Stata format.

A micro dataset on delinquency risk, loan motivations and credit access in Chile.

This article provides data that allows to estimate how delinquency risk and consumer loan motivations changed in Chile before and after the new Interest Rate Ceiling Law of 2013. The data is of particular interest for those interested in the heterogeneity of household borrower profiles and their reactions to new loan regulation. The codes are in Stata format and the datasets are in Excel.

Rastreabilidade na cadeia de medicamentos brasileira: uma Nota Técnica com ênfase na fase experimental do Sistema Nacional de Controle de Medicamentos (SNCMe) / Traceability in the brazilian drug supply chain: a Technical Note regarding the experimental phase of the Brazilian Drug Control System (SNCMe)

A falsificação, o roubo e todos os demais desvios relativos à movimentação, comercialização e administração de medicamentos são responsáveis por diversos prejuízos e mortes, não apenas no Brasil, mas também ao redor do mundo. Dado à gravidade do problema, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) recomenda às autoridades governamentais o fortalecimento da cadeia de abastecimento, com vistas à garantia de sua integridade. Sendo assim, esta Nota Técnica apresenta o Sistema Nacional de Controle de Medicamentos (SNCM), em implementação pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), que introduz a rastreabilidade na Cadeia de Movimentação de Medicamentos do Brasil; e também descreve a operacionalização e os resultados alcançados durante os testes realizados na fase experimental do sistema. Os resultadosalcançados, conforme demonstrado, indicaram que a rastreabilidade é aderente à cadeia de medicamentos, suficiente para garantir aintegridade recomendada pela OMS e ainda atua como ferramenta à serviço de uma melhor comunicação na área da saúde.

Técnica segura para a realizacao do pneumoperitônio e passagem do trocáter da regiao umbilical na cirurgia laparoscópica / Safe technique to performe the pneumoperitoneum and the trocar insertion for laparoscopic surgery

A new technique to perform the pneumoperitoneum and trocar insertion for laparoscopic surgery is presented. After a small incision of the intraumbilical skin, the aponeurosis is exposed and adequate traction is obtained by insertion of two sutures. A small incision is made in the aponeurosis to overcome its resistence to the insertion of the Veress needle and the first trocar. Thirty-two laparoscopic procedure were performed using the conventional technique and the results were compared to 404 cases using the above described modification. No intestinal or vascular injury was observed in any of the groups. The incidence of umbilical infection and postoperative hernia were significantly lower in the modified technique group. We conclude that the described modification is safer and helps the surgeon to avoid complications in laparoscopic surgery