RESUMO
This experiment was designed to investigate the impact of curcumin-olive oil nanocomposite (CONC) supplementation on uteroplacental hemodynamics and ultrasonographic measurements as well as maternal oxidative status in midgestating goats. Twelve synchronized pregnant goats (85.58 ± 1.08 days of gestation; mean ± SD) were uniformly assigned to two groups (n = 6/group); the first group received daily oral supplementation of CONC (3 mg/kg body weight; nanocurcumin [NC] group) for 32 days, and the second group was offered physiological saline (control) following the NC group timeline. The goats of both groups were examined at 3-day intervals for middle uterine (MUA) and umbilical (UMA) arteries hemodynamics (pulsatility index [PI], resistive index [RI], systole/diastole [S/D] and blood flow rate [BFR]) and diameters, uteroplacental thickness (UPT), placentomes' diameter (PD) and echogenicity, steroid hormones (progesterone and estradiol 17ß), oxidative biomarkers (total antioxidant capacity [TAC], catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA]), nitric oxide (NO) and blood cells DNA integrity. The UPT (p = 0.012) and PD (p = 0.021) values were higher in the NC group than in their counterparts' control group (D11-32). There were increases in diameter (p = 0.021 and p = 0.012) and decreases (p = 0.021, p = 0.016 and p = 0.041 [MUA]; p = 0.015, p = 0.023 and p = 0.011 [UMA] respectively) in Doppler indices (PI, RI and S/D) of the MUA and UMA in the NC group compared to the control group (D14-32). On D20-32 (MUA) and D14-32 (UMA), the NC goats had higher BFR than the control group (p = 0.021, 0.018 respectively). The means of blood cells with fragmented DNA were lower (p = 0.022) in the NC group than in the control group on Days 8 and 21 postsupplementation. There were increases in CAT and NO (D20-32; p = 0.022 and p = 0.004 respectively), and TAC (D17-32; p = 0.007) levels in the NC goats compared to the control ones. The NC group had lower (p = 0.029) concentrations of MDA than the control group on Day 20 postsupplementation onward. In conclusion, oral supplementation of CONC improved uteroplacental blood flow and the antioxidant capacity of midgestating goats.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Curcumina , Suplementos Nutricionais , Cabras , Placenta , Útero , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Curcumina/farmacologia , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Dieta/veterinária , Cabras/fisiologia , Nanocompostos/química , Placenta/efeitos dos fármacos , Circulação Placentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/irrigação sanguíneaRESUMO
Twelve novel chalcone derivatives were prepared using the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The reaction of 4-acetyl-5-furan/thiophene-pyrazole derivatives 5 with the corresponding aldehydes 6 afforded the targeted chalcone derivatives 7a-l in good yields. The newly synthesized chalcones were fully characterized by spectrometric and elemental analyses. The in vitro anticancer activities of the novel compounds 7a-l were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines: HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF7 (human Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma), A549 (lung carcinoma), and BJ1 (normal skin fibroblasts). Compound 7g emerged as the most promising compound, with IC50 = 27.7 µg/ml against A549 cells compared to the reference drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 28.3 µg/ml), and IC50 = 26.6 µg/ml against HepG2 cells compared to the reference drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 21.6 µg/ml). The gene expression and DNA damage values and the DNA fragmentation percentages for compound 7g were determined on the lung and liver cell lines. The expression levels of the AMY2A and FOXG1 genes increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the negative samples of lung cancer cells compared with treated cells. Also, the expression values of the PKM and PSPH genes improved significantly (p < 0.01) in the negative samples compared with treated samples of liver cancer cells. The DNA damage values increased significantly (p < 0.01) in treated lung cell line samples (7g) and the positive control. The results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in DNA damage values in the negative samples of liver cancer cells compared to those treated with 7g. However, the DNA fragmentation values increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the treated lung and liver cell line samples compared with the negative control.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Chalcona , Chalconas , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Chalcona/química , Chalconas/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Furanos/farmacologia , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiofenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The reaction of an alkyl or aryl isocyanates with some primary amines in acetonitrile at room temperature afforded the corresponding alkyl- and aryl-urea derivatives. All the prepared urea compounds have been elucidated by FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The compounds 1 and 3 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The 4-tolylsulfonyl isocyanate reacted with the aryl amines 1, 2, 3, and 2,4-dichloroaniline to afford the corresponding sulfonylurea derivatives 5-8. Likewise, the reaction of the isocyanates with 2,4-dichloroaniline, 5-methyl isoxazole-3-amine, and 2-aminothiazole derivatives gave the corresponding urea derivatives 9-17. All the prepared compounds 5-17 were tested in vitro as anti-microbial and anti-HepG2 agents. Moreover, analyzing gene expression of TP53-exon4 and TP53-exon7, DNA damage values, and DNA fragmentation percentages have been discussed. The compounds 5 and 8 recorded the highest activity against the tested microbial strains with maximum activity against C. albicans (50 mm) and B. mycoides (40 mm), respectively. The compounds 5 inhibited the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. Albicans at the MIC level of 0.0489 µM, while the compound 8 was able to inhibit the visible growth of E. coli and C. albicans at MIC value of 3.13 µM and S. aureus at 0.3912 µM. In the same line, compound 5 showed the best cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 4.25 µM) compared to 5 fluorouracil with IC50 = 316.25 µM. Expression analysis of liver cancer related to a gene including TP53-exon4 and TP53-exon7 was used in HepG2 Liver cancer cell lines using RT-qPCR. The expression values of TP53-exon4 and TP53-exon7 genes were decreased. The DNA damage values and DNA fragmentation percentages were increased significantly (P < 0.01) in the treated HepG2 (5) sample compared with the negative control. Docking studies were performed for the synthetic compounds against 2 bacterial proteins (DNA gyrase subunit B, and penicillin binding protein 1a) that are known targets for some antibiotics, and one cell division protein kinase 2 (CDK2) as target for anticancer drugs.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Ureia/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , Antifúngicos/síntese química , Antifúngicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Bacillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Ureia/químicaRESUMO
The antimicrobial activity of tilapia piscidin 3 (TP3) was determined in vitro against a locally isolated Aeromonas hydrophila. A 388 bp fragment was amplified from the TP3 cDNA and sequenced. The coding sequence (CDS) of TP3 was estimated to be 231 bp codes for 76 amino acids long and stop codon. In silico analysis was performed to detect both the signal peptide and the prodomain cleavage sites to follow the amino acids number 22 and 70, respectively. Based on this, a peptide 23 amino acids long with a remarkably high computed antimicrobial probability was synthesized and used in the subsequent experiments. The antimicrobial activity of TP3 was determined with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minim um bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. TP3 exhibited relatively weak antimicrobial activities against the tested bacteria. A challenge experiment was then performed in Nile tilapia with low and high doses of A. hydrophila, followed by timely recognition; after 3, 6, 24 h, and 7 days of the specific TP3 gene expression, immunohistochemical localization was also performed. Histopathological examination revealed provoked inflammatory responses and congestion in the same organs of TP3 expression. Immunohistochemical localization showed that A. hydrophila induced tilapia fish to express TP3 after 24 h within the gills, intestine, hepatopancreas, spleen, and posterior kidney. In quantitative real time (RT)-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the high dose showed higher mRNA expression levels than the low dose, and its expression levels increased in the A. hydrophila-infected fish. It was therefore concluded that TP3 plays an essential role in fish immunity.
Assuntos
Aeromonas hydrophila/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia , Doenças dos Peixes/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/química , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/genética , Ciclídeos , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Ethyl 2-acrylamido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate as well as its corresponding bis-derivatives, 5-10, with aliphatic linkers were synthesized, fully characterized, and tested as novel anticancer agents. The targeted compounds, 5-10, were obtained by the Knoevenagel condensation reactions of bis-o- or -p-aldehyde with a molar ratio of ethyl 2-(2-cyanoacetamido)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate of 2 in the presence of piperidine in excellent yields (93-98%). The in vitro anticancer activities of the prepared compounds were evaluated against HepG2, MCF-7, HCT-116, and BJ1 cells. Compounds 7 and 9 emerged as the most promising compounds, with IC50 values of 13.5 and 32.2 µg/ml, respectively, against HepG2 cells, compared with the reference drug doxorubicin (IC50 : 21.6 µg/ml). Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the changes in expression levels of the COL10A1 and COL11A1, ESR1, and ERBB2, or AXIN1 and CDKN2A genes within the treated cells, as genetic markers for colon, breast, or liver cancers, respectively. Treatment of the colon cancer cells with compounds 5, 9, and 10, or breast and liver cancers cells with compounds 7, 8, 9, and 10 downregulated the expression of the investigated tumor markers. The DNA damage values (depending on comet and DNA fragmentation assays) increased significantly upon treatment of colon cancer cells with compounds 5, 9, and 10, and breast and liver cells with compounds 8, 9, and 10. The structure-activity relationship suggested that the increase of the chain of the alkyl linker increases the anticancer activity and the compounds with bis-cyanoacrylamide moieties are more active than those with one cyanoacrylamide moiety.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaio Cometa , Fragmentação do DNA , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Células HCT116 , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Células MCF-7 , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiofenos/síntese química , Tiofenos/químicaRESUMO
A series of some new tetrahydroindolocarbazole derivatives has been synthesized. The structure of the synthesized compounds has been confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. The target compounds were evaluated for their antitumor activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7, their GI% and their LC50 have been determined. Six of the synthesized compounds exhibited GI% values against MCF-7 cell lines exceeding 70% ranging from 71.9 to 85.0% in addition that compound 11 expressed GI% values of 99.9% and considered the most active derivatives among the synthesized ones. Compound 11 showed a remarkable decrease of u PA level to 3.5â¯ng/ml compared to DOX. Compound 5, 11 and 15 showed significant decrease in expression of MTAP and CDKN2A, in addition to a remarkable decrease in DNA damage comet assay method. Molecular modeling studies were performed to interpretate the behavior of active ligands as uPA inhibitors.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/antagonistas & inibidores , Sítios de Ligação , Neoplasias da Mama/enzimologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Modelos Moleculares , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/metabolismoRESUMO
Tetrahydroindolocarbazoles (THICZs) with versatile substituents, have been designed, synthesized, structure characterized, then investigated for their in-vitro anticancer screening, urokinase inhibition (uPA) evaluated, DNA-damage determination was further explored. Compounds 5, 8, 10 and 17 displayed the most promising antitumor activities against the breast cancer cell line as compared to the standard drug, doxorubicin with IC50â¯=â¯5.24⯱â¯0.37, 4.00⯱â¯0.52, 7.20⯱â¯0.90 and 9.60⯱â¯1.10⯵g/ml (versus 3.30⯱â¯0.48⯵g/ml for doxorubicin). Compounds 5, 8, 10 and 17 represents the most significant uPA inhibitors of our study with IC50 of 3.80, 2.70. 4.75, 10.80 (ng/ml) respectively. The expression levels of CDKN2A gene were decreased in 8, 10 and 17 cell lines as compared to those in positive control samples. Cell lines treated with 5, 8, 10 and 17 clearly observed a high score of damaged DNA cells. A deeper examination revealed that our hetroaromatics showed an extensive hydrogen bonding interactions that is required in the S pocket which is important for activity Arg 217, Gly 219, Gly 216, Lys 143 and Ser 190. So we present THICZs as promising uPA inhibitors expected as significant promise for further development as anti-invasiveness drugs.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Carbazóis/química , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Carbazóis/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/química , Indóis/farmacologia , Células MCF-7 , Modelos Moleculares , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/metabolismoRESUMO
Cadmium (Cd) is an important inorganic toxicant widely distributed in the environment because of its various industrial uses. The aims of the current study were to investigate the efficacy of purified Egyptian and Tunisian montmorillonite clays (EMC and TMC) to inhibit genotoxicity and histological alterations induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) utilizing the Nile tilapia fish as an in vivo model. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronucleus (MN) frequencies and DNA fingerprinting profile were genotoxic end points and histopathological changes that were used in this investigation. Six groups of fish were treated for 2 weeks and included control group, CdCl2-treated group and groups treated with EMC or TMC alone or in combination with CdCl2. The present results revealed that, treatment of fish with CdCl2 exhibited significant increased in the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MnRBCs), frequency of CAs and instability of genomic DNA. Treatment of EMC and TMC in combination with CdCl2 significantly reduced the frequency of MnRBCs by the percentage of 53.28% and 60.77% and the frequency of CAs by 43.91% and 52.17% respectively. As well as, normalized DNA fingerprinting profile and significantly improved histopathological picture induced by Cadmium treatment. It is worth mention that both clays have the ability to tightly bind CdCl2 and decreased its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity; however, Tunisian clay was more efficient in binding with the CdCl2 than Egyptian clay.
Assuntos
Silicatos de Alumínio , Cloreto de Cádmio/toxicidade , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclídeos/fisiologia , Desintoxicação por Sorção/métodos , Análise de Variância , Animais , Bentonita/administração & dosagem , Ciclídeos/genética , Argila , Citogenética , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Egito , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico/induzido quimicamente , TunísiaRESUMO
Less than 5% of pancreatic cancer patients survive for more than five years after diagnosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic drugs to treat pancreatic cancer. Herein, we report the synthesis and full characterization of fifteen novel pyrazole derivatives bearing chalcone (4-10), thiazole (16-19) and thiadiazole (23-26) moieties. All the newly synthesized pyrazole derivatives were tested in vitro as anti-cancer agents against pancreatic cancer (PaCa-2), breast cancer (MCF-7), prostate cancer (PC3), and normal cell lines (BJ1). Three pyrazolyl-chalcone derivatives (4, 5, and 7) and a pyrazolyl-thiadiazole derivative (25) showed potent anti-cancer activity against the PaCa-2 cell line with IC50 values of 13.0, 31.5, 24.9, and 5.5 µg mL-1, respectively, compared with doxorubicin (IC50 = 28.3 µg mL-1). Compound 25 showed potent anti-cancer activity against the PC3 cell line with an IC50 value of 11.8 µg mL-1. In contrast, compounds 4, 5 and 7 are safer against the normal human-cell line (BJ1) with IC50 values of 74.2, 76.6 and 81.1 µg mL-1, respectively, compared with compound 25, which has an IC50 value of 23.7 µg mL-1. The mechanism of action of compounds 4, 5 and 7 against pancreatic cancer cells was studied by investigating gene expression, DNA fragmentation, comet assay and flow cytometry experiments using doxorubicin as a reference drug. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship between the structures of these compounds and their biological properties was discussed.
RESUMO
This research represents a novel study to assess how coculture affects levan yield, structure, bioactivities, and molecular weight. Among the 16 honey isolates, four bacterial strains recorded the highest levan yield. The Plackett-Burman design showed that the coculture (M) of isolates G2 and K2 had the maximum levan yield (52 g/L) and the effective factors were sucrose, incubation time, and sugarcane bagasse. The CCD showed that the most proper concentrations for maximum levan yield (81 g/L): were 130 g/L of sucrose and 6 g/f of sugarcane bagasse. Levan's backbone was characterized, and the molecular weight was determined. G2 and K2 isolates were identified based on 16 sRNA as Bacillus megaterium strain YM1C10 and Rhizobium sp. G6-1. M levan had promising antioxidant activity (99.66%), slowed the migration activity to a great extent, and recorded 70.70% inhibition against the hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) at 1000 µg/mL. Gene expression analysis in liver cancer cell lines (HePG2) revealed that M levan decreased the expression of CCL20), 2GRB2, and CCR6) genes and was superior to Doxo. While increasing the expression of the IL4R and IL-10 genes. The DNA damage values were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in treated liver cancer cell lines with levan M and Doxo. The results referred to the importance of each of the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and the molecular weight in levans bioactivities.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Saccharum , Celulose , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Técnicas de Cocultura , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Saccharum/metabolismo , Frutanos/metabolismo , Bactérias/metabolismo , Sacarose/metabolismo , Linhagem CelularRESUMO
In consideration of the chromones' therapeutic potential and anticancer activity, a new series of chromanone derivatives have been synthesized through a straightforward reaction between 6-formyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylchromone (2) and various organic active compounds. The cytotoxic activity of the newly synthesized congeners was investigated against MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HCT-116 (colon cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer), and normal skin fibroblast cells (BJ1). The obtained data indicated that compounds 14b, 17, and 19 induce cytotoxic activity in the breast MCF7, while compounds 6a, 6b, 11 and 14c showed highly potent activity in the colon cancer cell lines. Overall, the results demonstrate that the potential cytotoxic effects of the studied compounds may be based on their ability to induce DNA fragmentation in cancer cell lines, down-regulate the expression level of CDK4 as well as the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and up-regulate the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes P53 and Bax. Furthermore, compounds 14b and 14c showed a dual mechanism of action by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The docking studies showed that the binding affinity of the most active cytotoxic compounds within the active pocket of the CDK4 enzyme is stronger due to hydrophobic and H-bonding interactions. These results were found to be consistent with the experimental results.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Apoptose , Cromonas , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Humanos , Cromonas/química , Cromonas/farmacologia , Cromonas/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células MCF-7 , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células HCT116 , Células Hep G2 , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos AntitumoraisRESUMO
Zinc is an essential element affecting immune responses in aquatic organisms. In the present research, the immunomodulating effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was studied in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The minimum inhibitory concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for Aeromonas hydrophila was estimated at 60 µg/mL. To evaluate the efficacy of ZnO NPs for improving disease resistance against A. hydrophila, three hundred fish were divided into 5 groups. Fish in the group T1 maintained on the control feed, T2 and T3 feed on ZnO at 60 and 30 µg/g, while T4 and T5 received ZnO NPs at 60 and 30 µg/g, respectively for 8 weeks. Immune responses were evaluated by determining the phagocytic activity, serum antibacterial activity, lysozymes, respiratory burst activity, and also gene expression of immunoglobin M-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, heat shock proteins, IL-10, insulin growth factor 1, transforming growth factor-ß2, superoxide dismutase enzyme, and catalase enzyme genes. Results indicated that groups that received ZnO NPs have exaggerated immune response and upregulation in the most of expressed immune-related genes. After the feeding trial, all groups were experimentally infected with A. hydrophila, and the mortality rate was monitored. Among all the treated groups, a higher survival rate and disease resistance were observed for fish that received ZnO NPs at 30 and 60 µg/g. The inclusion of ZnO NPs in O. niloticus feed improves both fish immune response and disease resistance against A. hydrophila.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Nanopartículas , Óxido de Zinco , Animais , Resistência à Doença , Suplementos Nutricionais , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Aeromonas hydrophila/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
We designed and prepared a novel series of urea derivatives with/without sulfonyl group in their structures to investigate the impact of the sulfonyl group on the biological activity of the evaluated compounds. Antibacterial investigations indicated that derivatives 7, 8, 9, and 11 had the most antibacterial property of all the compounds examined, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined against B. mycoides, E. coli, and C. albicans, with compound 8 being the most active at a MIC value of 4.88 µg/mL. Anti-cancer activity has been tested against eight human cancer cell lines; A549, HCT116, PC3, A431, HePG2, HOS, PACA2 and BJ1. Compounds 7, 8 and 9 emerged IC50 values better than Doxorubicin as a reference drug. Compounds 7 and 8 showed IC50 = 44.4 and 22.4 µM respectively against PACA2 compared to Doxorubicin (IC50 = 52.1 µM). Compound 9 showed IC50 = 17.8, 12.4, and 17.6 µM against HCT116, HePG2, and HOS, respectively. qRT-PCR revealed the down-regulation of PALB2 in compounds 7 and 15 treated PACA2 cells. Also, the down-regulation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was shown in compound 7 treated PC3 cells. As regard A549 cells, compound 8 decreased the expression level of EGFR and KRAS genes. While compounds 7 and 9 down-regulated TP53 and FASN in HCT116 cells. Molecular docking was done against Escherichia coli enoyl reductase and human Son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) and the results showed the promising inhibition of the studied proteins.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Ureia/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Estrutura Molecular , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Proliferação de CélulasRESUMO
The current study involves the design and synthesis of a newly synthesized pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives to contain chlorine atoms in positions 4 and 6 and trichloromethyl group in position 2 using microwave technique as a new and robust approach for preparation of this type of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. The chemical structure of the synthesized pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 3-19 was well-characterized using spectral and elemental analyses as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds were tested in vitro against seven selected human cancer cell lines, namely, MCF7, A549, HCT116, PC3, HePG2, PACA2 and BJ1 using MTT assay. It was found that compounds 14a, 16b and 18b were the most active toward MCF7 with IC50 (1.7, 5.7, and 3.4 µg/ml, respectively) relative to doxorubicin (Dox.) (26.1 µg/ml). Additionally, compound 17 exerted promising cytotoxic effects against HePG2 and PACA2 with IC50 (8.7 and 6.4 µg/ml, respectively) relative to Dox. (21.6 and 28.3 µg/ml, respectively). The molecular docking study confirmed our ELISA result which showed the promising binding affinities of compounds 14a and 17 against Bcl2 anti-apoptotic protein. At the gene expression level, P53, BAX, DR4 and DR5 were up-regulated, while Bcl2, Il-8, and CDK4 were down-regulated in 14a, 14b and 18b treated MCF7 cells. At the protein level, compound 14b increased the activity of Caspase 8 and BAX (18.263 and 14.25 pg/ml) relative to Dox. (3.99 and 4.92 pg/ml, respectively), while the activity of Bcl2 was greatly decreased in 14a treated MCF7 (2.4 pg/ml) compared with Dox. (14.37 pg/ml). Compounds 14a and 14b caused cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase in MCF7. Compounds 16b and 18b induced the apoptotic death of MCF7 cells. In addition, the percentage of fragmented DNA was increased significantly in 14a treated MCF7 cells.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the signalling crosstalk of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL death receptors, tumour protein p53, and programmed cell death (PDCD5) with IQGAPs. Also, we targeted the crosstalk between IQGAPs genes with decoy receptors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and interleukins -8 (IL-8) and its receptor genes in a designed model of hepatocellular carcinoma induced in male Balb/c mice. METHODS: The presence of HCC was confirmed by histological and morphological alterations. In parallel to the incidence of hepatic cancer, we found lung, heart, and kidney cancer after treatment with DEN. RESULTS: Our results show that the expression of mRNA of IQGAP1, TRAIL decoy receptors, NF-κB, and IL-8 genes was elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma, as compared to normal liver tissue, while their expression was further up-regulated by increasing the dose of diethylnitrosamine. The expression of IQGAP2, TRAIL death receptors, p53, and PDCD5 was significantly down-regulated in HCC (pË0.05). For confirmation of gene expression, protein levels of both IQGAP1 and P53 were measured by western blot analysis, which showed that diethylnitrosamine enhanced protein expression of IQGAP1 and diminished that of p53. CONCLUSION: IQGAPs have a direct signaling relationship with p53, IL-8, and TRAIL family. This interaction is recognized as a key signalling pathway for hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Receptores do Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Proteínas Ativadoras de ras GTPase/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Dietilnitrosamina/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Background: Liver cancer is the deadliest malignancy among common tumors. It is the top cause of cancer-related deaths in Egypt, and it is characterized by increasing occurrence among the population. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of pre-treatment of IQGAP1-shRNA on induced mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model and evaluate the potency of this IQGAP1-shRNA plasmid to recover hepatic cancer as a new tool of cancer therapy. Therefore, we will use RNA interference (RNAi) technology to silence IQGAP1 oncogene to completely recover the chemically induced models for hepatic cancer by designing short RNAi specific for IQGAP1 gene in HCC cells in vivo and construct new vectors suitable for this purpose. We assigned mice into three groups: the first negative control group (NC) was injected with saline, the second control group was injected with shRNA (shNC), the third positive control group was injected with diethylnitrosamine (DENAA), and the fourth group was treated with the IQGAP1-shRNA prior to its exposure to DENA. Results: Our results revealed that the treated group with IQGAP1-shRNA with DENA developed very few cases of hepatic cancer when compared with the positive control group. The positive control group exhibited significant increases in the liver function level as well as a decrease in serum albumin levels when compared to both the treated and the negative control groups. The altered levels of the serum α-fetoprotein as well as of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-4 in DENA-treated mice were significantly ameliorated by IQGAP1-shRNA administration. Flow cytometer analyses have indicated that the silencing of IQGAP1 cannot significantly modulate DENA-induced apoptosis in the circulating blood cells. Moreover, the elevated mRNA expression levels of IQGAP1, IQGAP3, KRas, HRas, interleukin-8, nuclear factor kappa B, caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bcl-2, were significantly decreased by the IQGAP1-shRNA treatment. However, the IQGAP2, DR4, DR5, p53 and BAX genes were found to be significantly up-regulated post-therapy. In agreement with these findings, IQGAP1-shRNA was able to modulate the DENA-induced histological changes in the mice liver which were represented by severe necrosis and hydropic degenerative changes. Conclusion: Our study revealed that IQGAP1-shRNA was able to preserve hepatocyte integrity and the liver histological architecture through the regulation of the expression of IQGAPs, Ras, TRAILs and IL-8 receptors, as well as of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. Therefore, the silencing of IQGAP1 could be part of a promising therapeutic strategy against hepatic cancer.
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BACKGROUND: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents life-threatening problems worldwide. IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is acting as oncogenesis regulators. RNAi is proposed as promising cancer therapeutics. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work to explore the consequences of the IQGAP1 silence as a goal for treating CRC using the HCT166 cells as a model for human colon cancer. METHODS: RNAi technology was used to design a short specific sequence of RNA (shRNA) to silence the IQGAP1 oncogene. The impact of IQGAP1 silencing on IQGAPs, Ras, IL-8, and TRAIL was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of IQGAP1 silencing on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasive capacity was investigated. RESULTS: The present results revealed that IQGAP1 shRNA-treated HCT166 cells showed no invasive capacity compared to the control cells. The silencing of IQGAP1 induced remarkable downregulation of IQGAP1, RAS (H&K), IL-8, CXCR1, CXCR2, NF-kB, BCL-2, and apoptosis of HCT166 cells. On the contrary, IQGAP2, IQGAP3, DR4, DR5, CASP-3, and BAX genes were significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSION: The IQGAP1 regulates the expression of IQGAPs, Ras, IL-8 receptors, and the apoptotic network. Therefore, the silence of IQGAP1 is a promising strategy for colon cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo , Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Neoplasias do Colo/terapia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Proteínas Ativadoras de GTPase , Humanos , Interleucina-8/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Proteínas Ativadoras de ras GTPase/genética , Proteínas Ativadoras de ras GTPase/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the association between polymorphisms in three genes: leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), and BMP4, and incidence of repeat breeding in Egyptian buffaloes. METHODS: DNA was extracted from 160 female buffaloes, involving 108 fertile and 52 repeat breeders. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Sequence analysis and alignment were performed by employing NCBI/BLAST/blastn suite, to identify SNPs among different patterns and alleles. We utilized PredictSNP software to predict the non-synonymous SNPs influences on protein function. Moreover, the conservation score of the amino acids within the target proteins was computed by ConSurf server. RESULTS: The genotyping results showed that LEP and BMP4 genes were monomorphic (CC, GG) in all tested fertile and repeat breeder buffaloes. Leptin gene sequencing showed a non-synonymous C73T SNP, replacing R to C at position 25 within the leptin polypeptide (position 4 in the mature form; R4C) which is a neutral mutation, not affecting function or structure of LEP protein. For LEPR, one synonymous SNP (T102C) and two non-synonymous SNPs (A106G and C146A), triggering V967A and G954C replacements, respectively in LEPR protein. Moreover, they are neutral mutations. Sequencing results of BMP4 showed HinfI restriction site indicate fixed GG genotype (CC genotype in the anti-sense strand) in all sequenced samples. No SNPs were observed within the amplified region. CONCLUSION: Genotyping and sequencing results of the surveyed three genes revealed that there is no association between these genes mutations and the incidence of repeat breeding in Egyptian buffaloes.
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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sheep productivity in developing countries is crucial, as this animal is an essential source of meat and wool. Myostatin (MSTN) plays an important role in the regulation of muscle mass through the regulation of muscle growth, differentiation, and regeneration. The present study sought to investigate genetic variation in the first intron of the MSTN gene and the association of variants with growth traits in major sheep breeds in Egypt (Barki, Ossimi, and Rahmani) and Saudi Arabia (Najdi) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted from 75 animals. A 386 bp fragment in the first intron of the MSTN gene was amplified using PCR. Polymorphic sites were detected using direct sequencing and then correlated with growth traits using a general linear model. RESULTS: Sequence analysis of the first intron of MSTN gene identified six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the studied breeds. Four mutual SNPs were determined: c.18 G>T, c.241 T>C, c.243 G>A, and c.259 G>T. In addition, two SNPs c.159 A>T and c.173 T>G were monomorphic (AA and TT, respectively) in the Ossimi, Rahmani, and Najdi breeds and polymorphic in the Barki breed. The association analysis revealed that the c.18 G>T and c.241 C>T significantly associated (p<0.05) with birth weight and average daily weight gain, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results strongly support MSTN as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in sheep breeding programs. Furthermore, the identified variants may be considered as putative markers to improve growth traits in sheep.
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Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cuf.and other Moringa species have traditionally been used to treat various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the methanolic extract of M. stenopetala leaf and its fractions on selected tumor cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The comet assay was used toassess DNA damage, and gel electrophoresis was used to determine DNA fragmentation. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR using two specific genes for each cancer cell line. Fractionation of the methanolic extract (E-1) on Diaion HP-20 yielded five fractions (Fr-2 to Fr-6); only Fr-4 and Fr-6 were cytotoxic to breast cancer cells (MCF-7; IC50 = 58.3 ± 0.93 and 35.8 ± 2.44 µg/mL, respectively), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2; IC50 = 57.8 ± 1.57 and 39.3 ± 1.90 µg/mL, respectively), and Fr-4 was cytotoxic to human colon cancer cells (HCT-116; IC50 = 94.2 ± 4.9 µg/mL). In addition, exposure of the cancer cells to Fr-4 and Fr-6 resulted in a high level of DNA damage. Moreover, relative expression of MTAP and CDKN2A in MCF-7 were increased, whereas expression of p21 and p53 in HCT-116, and APC and TERT in HepG2 were decreased, similar to that of doxorubicin. LC-qTOF-MS was used to identify metabolites in E-1, the majority of which were enriched in Fr-4. Two terpenes (loliolide and dihydroactinidiolide), the majority of the flavonoids, and niazirin were about two fold enriched in Fr-4, whereas the majority of the lipids were 4-10 fold enriched. However, Fr-6 hardly showed compounds other than the two terpenes that were enriched 1.5 and 7 fold. The findings suggest that Fr-4 and Fr-6 are promising sources of compounds possessing cytotoxic and genotoxic properties.