RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole in the treatment of recurrent ovarian endometrioma cases. DESIGN: Nonrandomized proof of concept study. SETTINGS: Outpatient tertiary-care center. PATIENT(S): Five premenopausal patients with documented ovarian endometriomas and chronic pelvic pain, all of whom were previously treated with surgery and medicine with unsatisfactory results. INTERVENTION(S): Ovarian endometriomas were diagnosed by biopsy after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy and subsequently treated with hormones. After a 6-month washout of endometriosis hormone therapies, women took letrozole (2.5 mg), one tablet of 0.15 mg of desogestrel, and 0.03 mg of ethinyl estradiol, calcium (1,200 mg), and vitamin D3 (800 IU) daily for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Size of endometriomas (monitored by ultrasound), assessment of pelvic pain (by visual analog scale), and bone density (DEXA scan). RESULT(S): Disappearance of ovarian endometrioma and reduction in pelvic pain in all cases at the end of 6 months. The size of ovarian endometriomas was reduced after 3 months. Pain scores decreased only after 1 month of treatment and continued decreasing in each treatment month. Overall, no significant change in bone density was detected. CONCLUSION(S): Letrozole given with combined pills achieved complete regression of recurrent endometriotic cysts and pain relief in all cases.