RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Low iron status is a well known risk factor for iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of an iron-fortified toddler formula on iron status in 1-3 year-olds. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three healthy infants and young children were assigned to two groups that received 500 mL/day of and iron-fortified toddler formula or 500 mL/day of unmodified cow's milk for 4 months. Allocation was random and double-blind. Daily dietary intake was calculated by dietary evaluation, and iron nutritional status was assessed (hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin). RESULTS: At enrollment, no anemia was found in either group, although hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were significantly lower in the toddler formula group than in the unmodified cow's milk group. However, these differences disappeared at the end of the intervention period. After 4 months, the toddler formula group showed significantly higher serum ferritin and lower serum transferrin concentrations than the cow's milk group. CONCLUSION: Intake of iron-supplemented toddler formula for 4 months in 1-3 year-olds is more effective in maintaining iron nutritional status than cow's milk.
Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Fórmulas Infantis , Ferro , Animais , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Ferro/sangue , Masculino , LeiteRESUMO
La salud y la enfermedad están influenciadas en diferentes etapas de la vida por una combinación de factores genéticos, epigenéticos y ambientales. Está bien documentado que durante el desarrollo temprano la respuesta a diversos estímulos puede programar el riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT). Los 1.000 días entre el embarazo y el segundo año de edad son un periodo de oportunidad único, ya que es cuando se establecen los fundamentos de la salud, el crecimiento y el neurodesarrollo para toda la vida. La nutrición temprana ejerce, tanto a corto como a largo plazo, el efecto sobre la salud mediante la programación inmunológica y metabólica y el desarrollo microbiológico. La interacción huésped-microbiota parece influir sobre el riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad atópica. Por otra parte, la nutrición es especialmente importante para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas, motoras y socioemocionales, y mejora el rendimiento escolar y los ingresos económicos en el adulto. La desnutrición durante el embarazo afecta al crecimiento fetal, es un factor determinante del retraso del crecimiento y puede acarrear consecuencias, como la obesidad y las ENT. Existen suficientes evidencias que sugieren que la lactancia materna es un factor protector contra la obesidad y las ENT en la edad adulta, y la intervención precoz sobre la alimentación en los lactantes tendrá una influencia relevante sobre las preferencias alimentarias posteriores. En conclusión, una buena nutrición en los primeros 1.000 días de vida tendrá una influencia muy beneficiosa para la salud posterior. Optimizar el crecimiento prenatal y posnatal temprano es esencial desde el punto de vista preventivo
Patterns of health and disease are influenced at different stage of the life course by a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. It is well-documented that during early development response to a range of stimuli are likely to program the risk of non-communicable diseases. The 1.000 days between pregnancy and a childs 2nd birthday is a unique period of opportunity when the foundations of optimum health, growth, and neurodevelopment across the lifespam are established. Early nutrition exerts both short- and long-term effect on health of the host by programming immunological, metabolic, and microbiological development. Host-microbe interaction appears to affect the risk of developing atopic disease. Moreover, nutrition is especially important for the developed of cognitive, motor and socio-emotional skills, and improves school achievement and earnings. Undernutrition during pregnancy affecting fetal growth is a major determinant of stunting and can lead to consequences such as obesity and non-communicable diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that breastfeeding has protective roles against obesity and non-communicable diseases during adulthood, and early influences on feeding practices in infants have a relevant role on later food preferences. In conclusion, better nutrition in de first 1,000 days of live are of major importance for later health. Optimizing prenatal and early growth is essential from preventive point of view
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Nutrição do Lactente , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Fórmulas Infantis , Alergia e Imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso , Obesidade , Aleitamento Materno , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/dietoterapia , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/dietoterapiaRESUMO
La leche humana (LH) proporciona todos los nutrientes necesarios para el crecimiento del recién nacido a término. Además de los nutrientes universalmente reconocidos, la LH contiene un número de componentes no nutritivos que probablemente desempeñan un papel en el crecimiento del lactante. Además, también contiene compuestos bioactivos responsables de una amplia gama de efectos beneficiosos, como la promoción de la maduración del sistema inmunitario y la protección contra las infecciones. El aislamiento y la identificación en LH de oligosacáridos y bacterias con efectos beneficiosos para el huésped proporciona apoyo científico para la suplementación de las fórmulas infantiles con estos compuestos, con el fin de avanzar hacia el objetivo de imitar los efectos funcionales observados en los lactantes alimentados con LH. Los oligosacáridos con funciones de prebióticos y cepas seleccionadas de bacterias con funciones probióticas se han añadido a las fórmulas infantiles en los países de la Unión Europea y otros países. Sin embargo, el Comité de Nutrición de la Sociedad Europea de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica ha publicado una revisión sistemática sobre las evidencias de los efectos que los probióticos y/o prebióticos ejercen sobre la salud y la seguridad de la administración de las fórmulas suplementadas. Este Comité llegó a la conclusión de que actualmente no hay datos suficientes para recomendar el uso sistemático de fórmulas infantiles suplementadas con probióticos y/o prebióticos para el lactante sano. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar las bases científicas para la adición de estos compuestos a las fórmulas lácteas (AU)
Human milk provides all necessary nutrients for growth of the term infant. Furthermore, in addition to universally recognized nutrients, human milk contains a number of non nutritive components that are likely top play a role in supporting infant growth. In addition, it also contains bioactive compounds responsible for a wide range of beneficial effects, such as the promotion of immune system maturation and protection against infections. The isolation and identification of oligosaccharides and bacteria with beneficial effects for the host provides scientific support for the supplementation of infant formula with these oligosaccharides and bacteria, in order to advance toward the main target of these formulas, to mimic the functional effects observed in breastfed infants. Oligosaccharides with prebiotics functions and selected straims of bacteria with probiotic functions have recentely bee added to infant formulas in the European Union and other countries. However, the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition systematically reviewed published evidence on the safety and health effects of the administration of formula supplemented with probiotics and/or prebiotics. The Committee concluded that for healthy infant, at present, there is insufficient data to recommend the routine use of probiotic- and/or prebiotic-supplemented infant formulas. The aim of this review is to analyze the scientific basis for the addition of these compounds to milk formulas (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Nutrição do Lactente , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Alimentos Infantis/análise , Prebióticos/análise , Probióticos/análise , Simbióticos/análise , Intestinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
La leche humana proporciona todos los nutrientes necesarios para el crecimiento del recién nacido a término. Además de los nutrientes universalmente reconocidos, la leche humana contiene un número de componentes no nutritivos que probablemente desempeñan un papel en el crecimiento del lactante. En los últimos años, debido a sus beneficios probados o potenciales para el lactante, distintos fabricantes de fórmulas lácteas han llevado a cabo la adición a éstas de nuevos componentes no nutritivos o de nutrientes semiesenciales. Las adiciones de nucleótidos y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga a las fórmulas lácteas han sido las más relevantes, y han sido aprobadas por diversos organismos internacionales. Se está estudiando si en un futuro no muy lejano podrían añadirse otros nutrientes a las fórmulas lácteas, como los gangliósidos, las poliaminas, la lactoferrina bovina y los triglicéridos con el ácido palmítico predominantemente esterificado en la posición sn-2 (posición β). El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar las bases científicas para la adición de estos compuestos a las fórmulas lácteas (AU)
Human milk provides all necessary nutrients for growth of the term infant. Furthermore, in addition to universally recognized nutrients, human milk contains a number of nonnutritive components that are likely top play a role in supporting infant growth. In the last years, owing to their potential or proven benefits in infancy, new additions of nonnutritive components and semiessential nutrients to infant formulas have been implemented by a number of milk formula manufacturers. Nucleotides and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most relevant recent additions to infants formulas, and these have been aproved by a number of internacional agencies. Other nutrients, namely gangliosides, polyamines, bovine lactoferrin, and palmitic acid predominantly esterified in the sn-2 position (β-position) of the triglycerides, are under consideration to be added in the near future. The aim of this review is to analyze the scientific basis for the addition of these compounds to milk formulas (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Alimentos Formulados/análise , Nutrição do Lactente , Nucleotídeos/administração & dosagem , Gangliosídeos/administração & dosagem , Poliaminas/administração & dosagem , Lactoferrina/administração & dosagem , Palmitatos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of unspecific and systematic enamel defects in children with deciduous dentition diagnosed with celiac disease compared with a control group. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty children (mean age 3.6 yrs) diagnosed with celiac disease and a reference group (n = 30; mean age 3.8 yrs) were studied to determine the prevalence of enamel defects. Both groups had complete deciduous dentition. Unspecific and systematic enamel defects were evaluated according to Aine criteria. RESULTS: Enamel defects were detected in 83.3% of the celiac children versus 53.3% of the control children (P = .025). The corresponding figures for symmetric defects were 73.3% and 23.3% (P < .001), respectively. The most frequent defect severity classification was Aine grade 1. Dental enamel defects were most frequently detected in deciduous molars (45.1%), followed by deciduous incisors. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed significantly more systematic enamel defects in children with celiac disease and deciduous dentition compared with a control group in the same stage of dentition. Dental examination of these defects may be useful to alert for this disease.
Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/complicações , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Índice CPO , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Dente DecíduoRESUMO
Authors analyzed total and free bilirubin concentrations (TB and FB) and free fatty acid levels (FFA) (by enzymatic methods) in the serum (S) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 26 sick newborn infants. Relationship between these three biochemical parameters in both S and CSF and also between these latter 15 studies FFA serum concentration of neonates (n: 9) with TB less than 2 mg/dl - 70.15 (15.63) (+/- SEM) mg/l - was not statistically different from those calculated in CSF - 67.45 (13.80) mg/l - (p: NS): while newborn infants (n: 17) with TB greater than 2 mg/dl had FFA serum levels - 152.75 (22.84) less than 0.002). There was a positive correlation between TB and FFA in S (n: 26, r: 0.52, p less than 0.01). There was no correlation of the FFA levels between S and CSF (n: 26, r: -0.02, p: NS). In CSF, FFA concentrations were correlated with albumin levels (n: 26, r: 0.67, p less than 0.005) and white cell recound (n: 26, r: 0.53, p less than 0.01). Authors discuss results and conclude that: a) bilirubin interferes with FFA metabolism, probably as the result of a toxic effect on extraneuronal tissue; b) an increase of FFA serum concentrations does not cause them to rise in the CSF by transport across blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier; and c) although, the source of the FFA in CSF is varied (from serum or loss of myelin, for instance, as a consequence of an asphyxial insult, or devitalized white cells) their increased concentrations are correlated with enhanced albumin levels and white cell recounts.
Assuntos
Bilirrubina/sangue , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/sangue , Bilirrubina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Colorimetria , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
Both nutritive state for Rohrer's ratio (Rr) and serum aminoacids (aa) (Chromatospek J-180) of the umbilical cord have been analyzed and correlated in two groups of the newborns: G-I (n: 12) preterm infants with an adequated weight for their gestational age (Re greater than 10 percentile) and G-II (n: 8) small for-date term infants (Rr less than 10 p). Ratios of the serum aa (total aa, no essential aa, NE/E, Ala/Thr, Whitehead's ratio (Wr), Ala/Leu, Ala/BCA, Gly/Val, Ser + Gly + Ala/BCA) were more elevated in G-II than those one of the G-I. We have shown a single correlation between Wr and Rr (r. much greater than 0.48, p less than 0.025) in G-I and between BCA Rr (r. much greater than 0.88, p less than 0.0025) in G-II; furthermore, we have proved a good correlation between the week of gestation and sum of BCA (r. much greater than 0.53, p less than 0.05) in the former that have not been observed among the latter which had BCA more increased than G-I (p less than 0.050). Some speculations about the role that could play the BCA in the energetic metabolism of the small-for-date infants are made; on the other hand, the BCA can give help to distinguish between premature or pseudopremature among infants weighing 2.500 g or less a birth.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada/sangue , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Estado Nutricional , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/metabolismo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , GravidezRESUMO
Aldosterone, vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) plasmatic concentrations were determined in cord arterial blood from 42 newborns to term: 29 healthful and 13 with perinatal asphyxia. Control group showed plasmatic levels (pg/dl) AVP, aldosterone and ANF significantly lower than perinatal asphyxia newborns group (AVP: 2.27 +/- 1.43 vs 4.26 +/- 2.86; aldosterone: 1.113 +/- 384.79 vs 1,540.38 +/- 595.96; ANF: 2.27 +/- 1.43 vs 4.26 +/- 2.86, respectively (p less than 0.05). We found an inverse correlation between umbilical arterial pH vs AVP, aldosterone and AFN, and a direct correlation between ANF vs aldosterone. Perinatal asphyxia induces secretion of the three studied hormonal factors, likely as a physiologic mechanism of fetal adaptation to hydroelectrolytic and hemodynamic changes which occur during the asphyxia.
Assuntos
Aldosterona/sangue , Asfixia Neonatal/sangue , Fator Natriurético Atrial/sangue , Sangue Fetal , Vasopressinas/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , GravidezRESUMO
Vitamin E (tocopherol) concentrations in blood plasma were determined in 48 infants and correlated with their nutritional status. Infants were divided into two groups as following: group I (n : 12) estimated well-nourished, and group II (n : 36) appreciated undernourished. Clinical nutritional status was evaluated according to their weight, height and skinfold thickness of triceps percentiles. Plasma vitamin E levels were analysed by a modification of the spectrophotometric micro-technique of Fabiank et al. (using 0.2 ml of plasma). There was difference in serum tocopherol levels between two groups: 1.21 (0.21) mg/dl: mean (+/- SEM) in group I in front of 1.84 (0.18) mg/dl in group II (0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05). On the other hand, vitamin E concentrations were correlated with the skinfold thickness of triceps percentiles by a logarithm curve: y = 2.25-0.31 1n X (r: 0.35, p less than 0.02). Probably, serum vitamin E levels do not reflect the tissue store status in undernourished infants without malabsorption.
Assuntos
Distúrbios Nutricionais/sangue , Vitamina E/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido/sangue , Masculino , Distúrbios Nutricionais/complicaçõesRESUMO
Since 1977, 64 children were diagnosed with cancer in the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Granada. Incidence and mortality rates from specific tumor types are discussed. Most common malignant neoplasms of children are: 1. Leukemia (36.3%). 2. Tumors of central nervous system (10.7%). 3. Lymphoma, and tumors of sympathetic nervous system (19.9%). 4. Soft tissue (6.1%). 5. Kidney (7.6%). 6. Bone (4.6%). Most of the male excess (1.9:1, p less than 0.01) is accounted for by acute lymphocytic leukemia, and central nervous system tumors. It is evident that about one-half of all children diagnosed currently with a malignant disease will survive for a long period. Psychosocial aspects of cancer in the young are commented. This paper examines how patients, family members and medical staff feel and behave in response to occurrence of cancer in adolescent.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias/psicologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Relações Pais-Filho , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Fatores Sexuais , EspanhaRESUMO
Authors measured urinary excretion of tryptophan derivatives (kynurenine way) in 13 healthy and 15 epileptic children, modifying the technique qualitatively and quantitatively. In both groups, they measure tryptophan metabolites before and after L-tryptophan overload, the dosage being 100/mg/kg of body weight. They found higher tryptophan derivative values in the group suffering a epilepsy.
Assuntos
Epilepsia/metabolismo , Triptofano/metabolismo , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Epilepsia/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Cinurenina/metabolismo , Masculino , Piridoxina/metabolismo , Triptofano/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Introducción: Aunque la evidencia bioquímica de afectación hepática es frecuente en el niño con mononucleosis infecciosa por el virus de Epstein-Barr (VEB), la ictericia es un signo poco frecuente en la infección primaria por el VEB en los niños. Casos clínicos: Se presentan dos casos de niños con mononucleosis infecciosa y colestasis. En la exploración presentaban ictericia, hiperemia faringoamigdalar, adenopatías cervicales y hepatomegalia; los datos de laboratorio pusieron de manifiesto la elevación de bilirrubina, aminotransferasas (ALT y AST) y gamma-glutamiltranspeptidasa (GGT), y la serología fue positiva para el VEB. Métodos: Se ha realizado una investigación sistemática en las bases de datos Medline, Embase, Índice Médico Español, African Index Medicus, DARE, PEDBASE, SUM Search y TRIP database. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron «child», «cholestasis», «cholestasis hepatitis», «Epstein-Barr virus» e «infectious mononucleosis». Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro artículos y la evidencia bioquímica de hepatitis colestásica estuvo presente en 7 niños y en nuestros 2 pacientes, y las alteraciones analíticas se normalizaron entre 2 semanas y 2 meses. La ecografía del hígadoy las vías biliares fue normal. Conclusiones: La elevación de la GGT en la mononucleosis infecciosa sugiere una afectación del colangiocito autolimitada e inducida por el VEB. En el diagnóstico diferencial de la ctericia causada por agentes infecciosos no se puede obviarla posible infección causada por el VEB (AU)
Introduction: Although biochemical evidence of liver damage is frequent in children with infectious mononucleosis due to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), jaundice is a less frequent sign in primary EBV infection in children. Clinical cases: The authors report two children with acute Epstein-Barr infection presenting mononucleosis with cholestasis. Examination revealed jaundice, pharyngotonsillitis, cervical adenomegaly and hepatomegaly; laboratory features showed an increase of bilirrubin, ALT, AST and GGT, and EBVVCAIgM was positive. Methods: Studies were located using systematic searches inMedline, Embase, Índice Médico Español (Spanish Medical Index), African Index Medicus, DARE, PEDBASE, SUM Search and TRIP, databases. The keywords used included the terms child, cholestasis, cholestatic hepatitis, Epstein-Barrvirus and infectious mononucleosis. Results: Four articles were identified, and biochemical evidence of cholestatic hepatitis was present in seven children and in our two patients, and all patients recovered within a period o two weeks to two months. The liver and biliary tract ultrasound examination was normal. Conclusions: The elevation of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in EBV infectious mononucleosis suggests virus-induced, self-limited cholangiocyte damage. In differential diagnosis of jaundice caused by infectious agents, one should not forget EBV (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Mononucleose Infecciosa/complicações , Mononucleose Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Mononucleose Infecciosa/etiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/patogenicidade , Colestase/diagnóstico , Colestase/etiologia , Colestase/complicações , Colestase , Mononucleose Infecciosa/patologia , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangue , gama-Glutamiltransferase , Anemia Hemolítica/complicações , Anemia Hemolítica/etiologia , Icterícia/etiologia , Superóxido Dismutase/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de un niño de 5 años de edad, intervenido de adenoidectomía, que desarrolló un enfisema subcutáneo cervicofacial y un neumomediastino después de ser sometido a la adenoidectomía. Tres horas después de la intervención quirúrgica el paciente presentó una hinchazón de la cara y el cuello, con presencia de crepitación, junto con dolor torácico y odinofagia. El examen radiológico puso de manifiesto la existencia de un enfisema subcutáneo y un neumomediastino. Se prescribió tratamiento con un antibiótico de amplio espectro y fluidoterapia intravenosa, y se produjo la resolución clínica y radiológica al quinto día poscirugía (AU)
We present a case of 5-year-old male patient that developed cervical facial subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after having been operated of adenoidectomy. Three hours after the surgical procedure the patient showed neck and facial swelling with demonstrable crepitus occurred the symptoms included chest pain and odynophagia. The X-ray examination revealed subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. He was treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic and intravenous fluids therapy, and clinical and radiographic resolution at the end of the fifth day after surgery (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Enfisema Subcutâneo/complicações , Enfisema Subcutâneo/diagnóstico , Enfisema Subcutâneo/patologia , Enfisema Mediastínico/complicações , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico , Enfisema Mediastínico/patologia , Adenoidectomia/instrumentação , Adenoidectomia/métodos , Tonsilectomia/instrumentação , Tonsilectomia/métodos , Tonsilectomia , Radiologia/instrumentação , Radiologia/métodosAssuntos
Hipospadia/genética , Mosaicismo , Translocação Genética , Cromossomo Y , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
Objetivo. La baja ingesta de hierro es un factor bien conocido como responsable de anemia por deficiencia de hierro en lactantes y niños pequeños. En el presente estudio se ha evaluado la influencia de la ingesta de una fórmula láctea para niños pequeños suplementada con hierro sobre el estado nutricional del hierro en niños de 1 a 3 años de edad. Pacientes y métodos. Se han estudiado 33 niños sanos distribuidos de forma aleatorizada y doble ciego en 2 grupos, uno que tomó 500 ml/día de una fórmula láctea suplementada con hierro y otro 500 ml/día de leche entera de vaca. Todos los niños tomaron la fórmula o la leche de vaca durante 4 meses. La ingesta de nutrientes fue calculada mediante la valoración de la dieta y se evaluó el estado nutricional del hierro (hemoglobina, hematócrito, volumen corpuscular medio, hemoglobina corpuscular media, concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media, hierro, ferritina y transferrina). Resultados. Al inicio del estudio, ningún niño presentaba anemia, aunque el grupo que tomó la fórmula láctea suplementada con hierro presentaba una concentración de hemoglobina y hematócrito significativamente más baja. Sin embargo, las diferencias desaparecieron al final del período de intervención. Además, al final del estudio el grupo que tomó la fórmula láctea suplementada con hierro mostró unas concentraciones en suero significativamente más elevadas de ferritina y más bajas de transferrina que el grupo que tomó leche entera de vaca. Conclusión. La ingesta de una fórmula suplementada con hierro para niños pequeños durante 4 meses en niños de 1 a 3 años de edad, contribuye mejor que la leche de vaca a mantener el estado nutricional de hierro
Objective. Low iron status is a well known risk factor for iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of an iron-fortified toddler formula on iron status in 1-3 year-olds. Patients and methods. Thirty-three healthy infants and young children were assigned to two groups that received 500 mL/day of and iron-fortified toddler formula or 500 mL/day of unmodified cow's milk for 4 months. Allocation was random and double-blind. Daily dietary intake was calculated by dietary evaluation, and iron nutritional status was assessed (hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin). Results. At enrollment, no anemia was found in either group, although hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were significantly lower in the toddler formula group than in the unmodified cow's milk group. However, these differences disappeared at the end of the intervention period. After 4 months, the toddler formula group showed significantly higher serum ferritin and lower serum transferrin concentrations than the cow's milk group. Conclusion. Intake of iron-supplemented toddler formula for 4 months in 1-3 year-olds is more effective in maintaining iron nutritional status than cow's milk
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , 16595/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Estado Nutricional , Método Duplo-Cego , Substitutos do Leite/administração & dosagem , Transferrina/análise , Ferritinas/sangueRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados conla anorexia infantil y construir un instrumento de valoraciónde fácil aplicación para su discriminación.Material y método: Se estudiaron 220 niños deedades entre 2 y 4 años, 30 con trastorno grave dela conducta alimentaria, 40 con trastorno leve y 150sanos. Se elaboró una escala compuesta por 91items agrupados en 16 subescalas, valorándoseconducta alimentaria y factores del comportamientodel niño, actitud de los padres ante la alimentacióndel niño y aspectos relacionales y emocionales entreambos.Resultados: La consistencia interna de las subescalasosciló entre 0,63 y 0,90, con unas correlacionesentre clases de 0,95-0,99. El análisis factorialeliminó 12 items; los 79 items restantes quedarondistribuidos en 27 nuevas subescalas, las cuales establecíandiferencias entre los tres grupos. Mediantela discriminación lineal de Fisher la escala quedó reducidaa 22 items, consiguiéndose un nivel muy altode clasificaciones correctas.Conclusión: Se propone una escala de fácil aplicaciónpara detectar precozmente la anorexia infantil
Objetive: To determine de factors related to infantanorexia, to construct an instrument of evaluationseasy to apply and which would facilitate the discriminationthereof.Material and method: 220 children between 2and 4 years were examined, 30 of which had seriousdisorder of eating habits, 40 with slight disorder and150 were completely sane. A scale composed of 91items was produced and assembled into 16 subscales,in which the following was evaluated: eating habits,factors in the behaviour of the child, parents´actitude towards the nourishment of the child andthe emotional aspects and relationship betweenboth.Results: The internal consistency on the subscalesranged from 0,63 to 0,90, with correlations betweenclasses of 0,95-0,99. The factorial analysis eliminated12 items, the remaining 79 items were distributedinto 27 new subscales, which set up the differencesbetween the groups. By means of Fisher´slineal discrimination, the scale was reduced to 22items obtaining thus a high level of correct classifications.Conclusion: A scale which is easy to apply is hereproposed in order to detect infant anorexia at anearly stage (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Alimentação na Infância/diagnóstico , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
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Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Diarreia/terapia , Desidratação/terapia , Doença Aguda , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Desidratação/diagnóstico , Hidratação , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
La hernia diafragmática congénita (HDC) es una patología causada por un defecto total o parcial de la fusión de las estructuras responsables de la formación del diafragma, a consecuencia de lo cual, tiene lugar el paso de vísceras u otros elementos intraabdominales hacia la cavidad torácica. En este trabajo analizamos los métodos de imagen utilizados para su diagnóstico, así como para el estudio de anormalidades y complicaciones asociadas. Mostramos los hallazgos, ventajas, inconvenientes e indicaciones de las diferentes técnicas, detallando también los datos pronósticos y de indicación terapéutica que nos pueden facilitar los estudios radiológicos (AU)