Increased prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology in patients with familial Mediterranean fever.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies suggest that exposure to inflammation in infancy may increase the risk for attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We studied the ADHD manifestations among 124 familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients and examined the relationship between FMF patient characteristics and ADHD. METHODS: Clinical, demographic, and genetic data were abstracted from patients' medical records and supplemented by information obtained during clinic visits. ADHD manifestations were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) questionnaire. RESULTS: ADHD was diagnosed in 42 (32.8%) FMF patients, a rate significantly higher than in unselected populations (∼8%). A majority (n = 27, 64.3%) had combined inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive manifestations. Eight (19%) had predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and seven (16.6%) had predominantly inattentive symptoms. FMF patients with severe manifestations reported more ADHD symptoms. FMF patients with ADHD symptoms were less adherent to their treatment regimen, with only 61.9% of the patients with ADHD symptoms adhering to colchicine therapy compared to 92.7% of the patients without ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of ADHD characteristics in children with FMF may support the neuroimmune hypothesis that chronic inflammation increases the risk for ADHD. Children with FMF should be screened for ADHD as its presence may adversely affect adherence to treatment.

Arum palaestinum poisoning: revenge of the witch.

The Arum palaestinum plant is one of the 26 species of the Arum genus of the Araceae family. This plant species is found through the Mediterranean region, Western Asia, and Europe. The leaves and seeds of the plant contain needle-shaped oxalate crystals that can irritate the affected tissue (skin, oral cavity, or GI tract) upon exposure. Up to this date, there is no available literature supporting the epidemiology or the clinical manifestations of poisoning by this plant. We retrospectively reviewed all Arum palaestinum exposures to children younger than 18 years of age reported to the Israel National Poison Information Center during 2017 from the IPIC computerized data system. We extracted demographic data and clinical data from those digital files. We reviewed the files of 53 patients' files and found slight male predominance (58% vs. 42%), and the age of exposure ranged from 9 month to 15 years. The main site of exposure was at home in most cases (47%) followed by outdoor exposure in 40% of the cases. In 66% of the cases, minor clinical manifestations were reported, mainly erythema and mouth irritation, agitation, and drooling. Asymptomatic patients composed 34% of the cases. In 17% of the cases, patients were recommended to visit an ambulatory facility, and other 15% of the cases were referred to the emergency department. There were no cases of severe poisoning, upper airways compromise, or death.Conclusion: Poisoning by Arum palaestinum is one of the most common pediatric plant poisoning in Israel. Our study supports with clinical data for the first time that this poisoning is self-limited, confined to the affected mucosa, and most likely does not necessitate any intervention. What is Known • A. palaestinum poisoning is one of the most common pediatric plant poisoning in Israel. • The leaves and seeds of the plant contain needle-shaped oxalates crystals. What is New • Pediatric exposure to A. palaestinum usually causes only mild and self-limited poisoning. • Expectant observation is the preferred management of such exposure.

Clinical Characteristics and Management of Snake Bite Injuries in the Jerusalem Area.

Venomous snake bites can constitute medical emergencies, and without immediate care may be life-threatening. This study describes the characteristics and management of patients suffering from snake bite injuries (SNIs) in the Jerusalem area. A retrospective analysis of all patients who were admitted to the Hadassah Medical Center emergency departments (EDs) due to SNIs between 1 January 2004 and 31 March 2018 was conducted. During this period, 104 patients were diagnosed with SNIs, of whom 32 (30.7%) were children. Overall, 74 (71.1%) patients were treated with antivenom, 43 (41.3%) were admitted to intensive care units, and 9 (8.6%) required treatment with vasopressors. No mortality was recorded. On ED admission, none of the adult patients presented with an altered mental state compared to 15.6% of the children (p < 0.00001). Cardiovascular symptoms were observed in 18.8% and 5.5% of the children and adults, respectively. Fang marks appeared in all of the children. These findings underscore the severity of SNIs and the differences in clinical presentation between children and adults in the Jerusalem region.