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1.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 117: e210258, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35416837

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Herpesvirus transmission between humans and non-human primate (NHP) can occur through contact scratches with lesions, infected saliva, and mainly through contaminated food. Therefore, cross-infection can lead to severe illness or even death for both the animal and human. In 2017, during the yellow fever (YF) outbreak in Brazil, species of the New World Primates (NWP) from Rio de Janeiro state, tested negative for yellow fever virus (YFV) detection. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate herpesvirus in the population NWP in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: To investigate, liver samples of 283 NWP, from several regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, were tested for the herpesvirus family using a Pan-polymerase chain reaction (Pan-PCR) and sequencing. FINDINGS: 34.6% (98/283) tested positive for at least one herpesvirus; 29.3% (83/283) tested positive to Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1), this virus from humans can be lethal to New World monkey; 13% (37/283) were detected Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 (CalHV-3), responsible for lymphoproliferative disease that can be fatal in NWP. In addition, CalHV-3 / HSV-1 co-infection was in 11.6% (33/283) of the samples. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Pan-herpesvirus was useful to identify species-specific herpesviruses and virus from human that can infect animals. Furthermore, during an outbreak of YF other infections should be monitored.


Assuntos
Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Febre Amarela , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Primatas , Especificidade da Espécie , Vírus da Febre Amarela/genética
2.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 117: e220127, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36478156

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild mosquitoes and non-human primates (NHPs). The virus is endemic to the Amazon region; however, waves of epidemic expansion reaching other Brazilian states sporadically occur, eventually causing spillovers to humans. OBJECTIVES: To report a surveillance effort that led to the first confirmation of YFV in NHPs in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Southeast region, in 2021. METHODS: A surveillance network was created, encompassing the technology of smartphone applications and coordinated actions of several research institutions and health services to monitor and investigate NHP epizootics. FINDINGS: When alerts were spread through the network, samples from NHPs were collected and YFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and genome sequencing at an interval of only 10 days. Near-complete genomes were generated using the Nanopore MinION sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that viral genomes were related to the South American genotype I, clustering with a genome detected in the Amazon region (state of Pará) in 2017, named YFVPA/MG sub-lineage. Fast YFV confirmation potentialised vaccination campaigns. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: A new YFV introduction was detected in MG 6 years after the beginning of the major outbreak reported in the state (2015-2018). The YFV strain was not related to the sub-lineages previously reported in MG. No human cases have been reported, suggesting the importance of coordinated surveillance of NHPs using available technologies and supporting laboratories to ensure a quick response and implementation of contingency measures to avoid YFV spillover to humans.


Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Amarela , Vírus da Febre Amarela/genética , Filogenia , Brasil/epidemiologia
3.
J Virol ; 94(1)2019 12 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31597773

RESUMO

The recent reemergence of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Brazil has raised serious concerns due to the rapid dissemination of the virus in the southeastern region. To better understand YFV genetic diversity and dynamics during the recent outbreak in southeastern Brazil, we generated 18 complete and nearly complete genomes from the peak of the epidemic curve from nonhuman primates (NHPs) and human infected cases across the Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states. Genomic sequencing of 18 YFV genomes revealed the estimated timing, source, and likely routes of yellow fever virus transmission and dispersion during one of the largest outbreaks ever registered in Brazil. We showed that during the recent epidemic, YFV was reintroduced from Minas Gerais to the Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states multiple times between 2016 and 2019. The analysis of data from portable sequencing could identify the corridor of spread of YFV. These findings reinforce the idea that continued genomic surveillance strategies can provide information on virus genetic diversity and transmission dynamics that might assist in understanding arbovirus epidemics.IMPORTANCE Arbovirus infections in Brazil, including yellow fever, dengue, zika, and chikungunya, result in considerable morbidity and mortality and are pressing public health concerns. However, our understanding of these outbreaks is hampered by the limited availability of genomic data. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of YFV during the current outbreak by analyzing genomic data from areas in southeastern Brazil not covered by other previous studies. To gain insights into the routes of YFV introduction and dispersion, we tracked the virus by sequencing YFV genomes sampled from nonhuman primates and infected patients from the southeastern region. Our study provides an understanding of how YFV initiates transmission in new Brazilian regions and illustrates that genomics in the field can augment traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Genoma Viral , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/transmissão , Vírus da Febre Amarela/genética , Aedes/virologia , Alouatta/virologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Callithrix/virologia , Cebus/virologia , Feminino , Variação Genética , Humanos , Incidência , Leontopithecus/virologia , Masculino , Mosquitos Vetores/virologia , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Febre Amarela/virologia , Vírus da Febre Amarela/classificação , Vírus da Febre Amarela/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Febre Amarela/patogenicidade
4.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 113(8): e180036, 2018 Jun 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29947712

RESUMO

The dengue virus (DENV), of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), has four antigenically distinct serotypes, of which DENV-3 is classified into five genotypes. Here, we describe the detection of DENV-3 genotype I in sera of a Brazilian patient travelling from Singapore to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by using multiplex real-time RT-PCR, DNA sequencing of the whole envelope protein gene, and phylogenetic analysis. The virus shares ancestry with those identified in Bali, Indonesia, in 2015. It is possible that arboviruses such as Chikungunya ECSA genotype, DENV-4 genotype I, and Zika were introduced in Brazil from other continents during the multiple international events hosted by the country over the last four years, including World Youth Day, the Soccer World Cup, and the Summer Olympics.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/virologia , Vírus da Dengue/genética , Dengue/virologia , Genótipo , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia , Zika virus/genética , Brasil , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Variação Genética , Humanos , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sorogrupo
6.
Front Public Health ; 11: 1236384, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37670831

RESUMO

Free-ranging non-human primates (NHP) can live in anthropized areas or urban environments in close contact with human populations. This condition can enable the emergence and transmission of high-impact zoonotic pathogens. For the first time, we detected a coinfection of the yellow fever (YF) virus with Toxoplasma gondii in a free-ranging NHP in a highly urbanized area of a metropolis in Brazil. Specifically, we observed this coinfection in a black-tufted marmoset found dead and taken for a necropsy by the local health surveillance service. After conducting an epidemiological investigation, characterizing the pathological features, and performing molecular assays, we confirmed that the marmoset developed an acute fatal infection caused by T. gondii in coinfection with a new YF virus South American-1 sub-lineage. As a result, we have raised concerns about the public health implications of these findings and discussed the importance of diagnosis and surveillance of zoonotic agents in urbanized NHPs. As competent hosts of zoonotic diseases such as YF and environmental sentinels for toxoplasmosis, NHPs play a crucial role in the One Health framework to predict and prevent the emergence of dangerous human pathogens.


Assuntos
Coinfecção , Toxoplasmose , Animais , Humanos , Callithrix , Vírus da Febre Amarela , Zoonoses
7.
Sci Adv ; 9(35): eadg9204, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37656782

RESUMO

Despite the considerable morbidity and mortality of yellow fever virus (YFV) infections in Brazil, our understanding of disease outbreaks is hampered by limited viral genomic data. Here, through a combination of phylogenetic and epidemiological models, we reconstructed the recent transmission history of YFV within different epidemic seasons in Brazil. A suitability index based on the highly domesticated Aedes aegypti was able to capture the seasonality of reported human infections. Spatial modeling revealed spatial hotspots with both past reporting and low vaccination coverage, which coincided with many of the largest urban centers in the Southeast. Phylodynamic analysis unraveled the circulation of three distinct lineages and provided proof of the directionality of a known spatial corridor that connects the endemic North with the extra-Amazonian basin. This study illustrates that genomics linked with eco-epidemiology can provide new insights into the landscape of YFV transmission, augmenting traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control.


Assuntos
Febre Amarela , Vírus da Febre Amarela , Humanos , Vírus da Febre Amarela/genética , Filogenia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Genômica
8.
Pathogens ; 11(8)2022 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36015037

RESUMO

To assess the efficacy of washing cloth masks, we simulated SARS-CoV-2 contamination in tricoline fabric and tested decontaminants to reduce viral particles. Viral suspensions using two variants (B.1.1.28 and P.1) were inoculated in these fabrics, and the inactivation kinetics were evaluated after washing with various household disinfection products (Soap powder, Lysoform®, Hypochlorite sodium and 70% Alcohol), rinse numbers, and exposure times. Afterward, the fabrics were washed in sterile water, and viral RNA was extracted and amplified using RT-qPCR. Finally, viral replication in cell cultures was examined. Our findings show that all biocidal treatments successfully disinfected the tissue tested. Some products showed less reduction in viral loads, such as soap powder (1.60 × 104, 1.04 × 103), soap powder and Lysoform® (1.60 × 104, 1.04 × 103), and alcohol 70% (1.02 × 103, 5.91 × 101), respectively. However, when sodium hypochlorite was used, this reduction was significantly increased (viral inactivation in 100% of the washes). After the first wash, the reduction in the number of viral particles was greater for the P.1 variant than for the B.1.1.28 variant (W = 51,759, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the role of sodium hypochlorite in cloth mask disinfection may also have implications for future health emergencies as well as recommendation by WHO.

9.
Viruses ; 14(11)2022 11 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36366557

RESUMO

Infections with arboviruses are reported worldwide. Saint Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are closely related flaviviruses affecting humans and animals. SLEV has been sporadically detected in humans, and corresponding antibodies have been frequently detected in horses throughout Brazil. WNV was first reported in western Brazil over a decade ago, has been associated with neurological disorders in humans and equines and its prevalence is increasing nationwide. Herein, we investigated by molecular and serological methods the presence of SLEV and WNV in equines from Rio de Janeiro. A total of 435 serum samples were collected from healthy horses and tested for specific neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90). Additionally, samples (serum, cerebrospinal fluid, central nervous system tissue) from 72 horses, including horses with neurological disorders resulting in a fatal outcome or horses which had contact with them, were tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for both viruses. Adopting the criterion of four-fold antibody titer difference, 165 horses (38%) presented neutralizing antibodies for flaviviruses, 89 (20.4%) for SLEV and five (1.1%) for WNV. No evidence of SLEV and WNV infection was detected by RT-qPCR and, thus, such infection could not be confirmed in the additional samples. Our findings indicate horses of Rio de Janeiro were exposed to SLEV and WNV, contributing to the current knowledge on the distribution of these viruses in Brazil.


Assuntos
Encefalite de St. Louis , Flavivirus , Doenças dos Cavalos , Febre do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Animais , Humanos , Cavalos , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/genética , Encefalite de St. Louis/epidemiologia , Encefalite de St. Louis/veterinária , Brasil/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/veterinária , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia
10.
Viruses ; 14(9)2022 08 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36146686

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chikungunya is a viral disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes. It is characterized by an acute onset of fever and severe arthralgia. METHODS: We describe six cases of acute and post-acute chikungunya in which viral RNA was detected in semen. CONCLUSIONS: The most prolonged detection period was 56 days after illness onset. We attempted to cultivate positive semen samples, but virus isolation was unsuccessful in all cases.


Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya , Vírus Chikungunya , Animais , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Humanos , RNA Viral/genética , Sêmen , Eliminação de Partículas Virais
11.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 19031, 2021 09 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34561471

RESUMO

Nucleic acid test (NAT), most typically quantitative PCR, is one of the standard methods for species specific flavivirus diagnosis. Semi-comprehensive NATs such as pan-flavivirus PCR which covers genus Flavivirus are also available; however, further specification by sequencing is required for species level differentiation. In this study, a semi-comprehensive detection system that allows species differentiation of flaviviruses was developed by integration of the pan-flavivirus PCR and Nanopore sequencing. In addition, a multiplexing method was established by adding index sequences through the PCR with a streamlined bioinformatics pipeline. This enables defining cut-off values for observed read counts. In the laboratory setting, this approach allowed the detection of up to nine different flaviviruses. Using clinical samples collected in Vietnam and Brazil, seven different flaviviruses were also detected. When compared to a commercial NAT, the sensitivity and specificity of our system were 66.7% and 95.4%, respectively. Conversely, when compared to our system, the sensitivity and specificity of the commercial NAT were 57.1% and 96.9%, respectively. In addition, Nanopore sequencing detected more positive samples (n = 8) compared to the commercial NAT (n = 6). Collectively, our study has established a semi-comprehensive sequencing-based diagnostic system for the detection of flaviviruses at extremely affordable costs, considerable sensitivity, and only requires simple experimental methods.


Assuntos
Infecções por Flavivirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Flavivirus/virologia , Flavivirus/isolamento & purificação , Sequenciamento por Nanoporos/métodos , Brasil , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Flavivirus/genética , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Vietnã
12.
Int J Infect Dis ; 105: 120-123, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33476757

RESUMO

The Northeast region of Brazil registered the second-highest incidence proportion of Chikungunya fever in 2019. In that year, an outbreak consisting of patients presenting with febrile disease associated with joint pain was reported by the public primary health care service in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in March 2019. At first, the aetiological agent of the disease was undetermined. Since much is still unknown about chikungunya virus' (CHIKV) genomic diversity and evolutionary history in this northeasternmost state, we used a combination of portable whole-genome sequencing, molecular clock, and epidemiological analyses that revealed the reintroduction of the CHIKV East-Central-South-African (ECSA) lineage into Rio Grande do Norte. We estimated that the CHIKV ECSA lineage was first introduced into Rio Grande do Norte in early June 2014, while the 2019 outbreak clade diverged around April 2018, during a period of increased Chikungunya incidence in the Southeast region, which might have acted as a source of virus dispersion towards the Northeast region. Together, these results confirm that the ECSA lineage continues to spread across the country through interregional importation events, likely mediated by human mobility.


Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Genótipo , Humanos , Filogenia , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma
13.
Parasit Vectors ; 13(1): 90, 2020 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32075684

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Yellow fever (YF) is a severe, infectious, but non-communicable arboviral hemorrhagic disease. In the last decades, yellow fever virus (YFV) infections have been prevalent in endemic areas in Brazil, affecting human and non-human primate (NHP) populations. Monitoring of NHP infection started in 1999, and reports of epizootic diseases are considered important indicators of viral transmission, particularly in relation to the sylvatic cycle. This study presents the monitoring of YFV by real-time RT-PCR and the epidemiological findings related to the deaths of NHPs in the south-eastern states and in the north-eastern state of Bahia, during the outbreak of YF in Brazil during 2017 and 2018. METHODS: A total of 4198 samples from 2099 NHPs from south-eastern and north-eastern Brazilian states were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR). RESULTS: A total of 4198 samples from 2099 NHPs from south-eastern and north-eastern Brazilian states were collected between 2017 and 2018. The samples were subjected to molecular diagnostics for YFV detection using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) techniques. Epizootics were coincident with human YF cases. Furthermore, our results showed that the YF frequency was higher among marmosets (Callithrix sp.) than in previous reports. Viremia in species of the genus Alouatta and Callithrix differed greatly. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate a need for further investigation of the role of Callithrix spp. in the transmission cycles of YFV in Brazil. In particular, YFV transmission was observed in a region where viral circulation has not been recorded for decades and thus vaccination has not been previously recommended. CONCLUSIONS: This highlights the need to straighten epizootic surveillance and evaluate the extent of vaccination programmes in Brazil in previously considered "YFV-free" areas of the country.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Primatas/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/veterinária , Alouatta/virologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Callithrix/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Humanos , Doenças dos Primatas/transmissão , Doenças dos Primatas/virologia , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/virologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/virologia
14.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 14(8): e0008405, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32780745

RESUMO

Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes a clinical syndrome of acute hemorrhagic hepatitis. YFV transmission involves non-human primates (NHP), mosquitoes and humans. By late 2016, Brazil experienced the largest YFV outbreak of the last 100 years, with 2050 human confirmed cases, with 681 cases ending in death and 764 confirmed epizootic cases in NHP. Among affected areas, Bahia state in Northeastern was the only region with no autochthonous human cases. By using next generation sequence approach, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of YFV in NHP in Bahia and discuss what factors might have prevented human cases. We investigated 47 YFV positive tissue samples from NHP cases to generate 8 novel YFV genomes. ML phylogenetic tree reconstructions and automated subtyping tools placed the newly generated genomes within the South American genotype I (SA I). Our analysis revealed that the YFV genomes from Bahia formed two distinct well-supported phylogenetic clusters that emerged most likely of an introduction from Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states. Vegetation coverage analysis performed shows predominantly low to medium vegetation coverage in Bahia state. Together, our findings support the hypothesis of two independent YFV SA-I introductions. We also highlighted the effectiveness of the actions taken by epidemiological surveillance team of the state to prevented human cases.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Primatas/virologia , Febre Amarela/veterinária , Vírus da Febre Amarela/genética , Alouatta , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Callithrix , Ecossistema , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Filogenia , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Febre Amarela/prevenção & controle , Febre Amarela/transmissão , Vírus da Febre Amarela/classificação
15.
PLoS One ; 14(6): e0217871, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31185030

RESUMO

The emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has raised serious concerns due to the virus' rapid dissemination into new geographic areas and the clinical features associated with infection. To better understand CHIKV dynamics in Rio de Janeiro, we generated 11 near-complete genomes by means of real-time portable nanopore sequencing of virus isolates obtained directly from clinical samples. To better understand CHIKV dynamics in Rio de Janeiro, we generated 11 near-complete genomes by means of real-time portable nanopore sequencing of virus isolates obtained directly from clinical samples. Our phylogenetic reconstructions indicated the circulation of the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) lineage in Rio de Janeiro. Time-measured phylogenetic analysis combined with CHIKV notified case numbers revealed the ECSA lineage was introduced in Rio de Janeiro around June 2015 (95% Bayesian credible interval: May to July 2015) indicating the virus was circulating unnoticed for 5 months before the first reports of CHIKV autochthonous transmissions in Rio de Janeiro, in November 2015. These findings reinforce that continued genomic surveillance strategies are needed to assist in the monitoring and understanding of arbovirus epidemics, which might help to attenuate public health impact of infectious diseases.


Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/genética , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Filogenia , Adulto , África/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/transmissão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
16.
Braz J Microbiol ; 49(1): 138-143, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28899604

RESUMO

Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii-a small obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium found in a variety of animals. It is transmitted to humans by inhalation of contaminated aerosols from urine, feces, milk, amniotic fluid, placenta, abortion products, wool, and rarely by ingestion of raw milk from infected animals. Nested PCR can improve the sensitivity and specificity of testing while offering a suitable amplicon size for sequencing. Serial dilutions were performed tenfold to test the limit of detection, and the result was 10× detection of C. burnetti DNA with internal nested PCR primers relative to trans-PCR. Different biological samples were tested and identified only in nested PCR. This demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of the primers. Of the 19 samples, which amplify the partial sequence of C. burnetii, 12 were positive by conventional PCR and nested PCR. Seven samples-five spleen tissue samples from rodents and two tick samples-were only positive in nested PCR. With these new internal primers for trans-PCR, we demonstrate that our nested PCR assay for C. burnetii can achieve better results than conventional PCR.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Coxiella burnetii/isolamento & purificação , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Febre/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Transposases/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Coxiella burnetii/classificação , Coxiella burnetii/genética , Humanos , Transposases/metabolismo
17.
Acta Trop ; 168: 64-73, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28077317

RESUMO

Zoonotic pathogens comprise a significant and increasing fraction of all emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that plague humans. Identifying host species is one of the keys to controlling emerging infectious diseases. From March 2007 until April 2012, we collected a total of 131 wild rodents in eight municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We investigated these rodents for infection with Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. In total, 22.1% (29/131) of the rodents were infected by at least one pathogen; co-infection was detected in 1.5% (2/131) of rodents. Coxiella burnetii was detected in 4.6% (6/131) of the wild animals, 17.6% of the rodents harbored Bartonella spp. No cases of Rickettsia were identified. Bartonella doshiae and Bartonella vinsonii were the species found on the wild mammals. This report is the first to note C. burnetii, B. doshiae and B. vinsonii natural infections in Atlantic Forest wild rodents in Brazil. Our work highlights the potential risk of transmission to humans, since most of the infected specimens belong to generalist species that live near human dwellings.


Assuntos
Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Bartonella/isolamento & purificação , Coxiella burnetii/isolamento & purificação , Florestas , Roedores/microbiologia , Zoonoses/microbiologia , Animais , Bartonella/classificação , Infecções por Bartonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/veterinária , Febre Q/epidemiologia , Febre Q/microbiologia , Febre Q/veterinária , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rickettsia/microbiologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/transmissão
18.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 117: e220127, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405996

RESUMO

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild mosquitoes and non-human primates (NHPs). The virus is endemic to the Amazon region; however, waves of epidemic expansion reaching other Brazilian states sporadically occur, eventually causing spillovers to humans. OBJECTIVES To report a surveillance effort that led to the first confirmation of YFV in NHPs in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Southeast region, in 2021. METHODS A surveillance network was created, encompassing the technology of smartphone applications and coordinated actions of several research institutions and health services to monitor and investigate NHP epizootics. FINDINGS When alerts were spread through the network, samples from NHPs were collected and YFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and genome sequencing at an interval of only 10 days. Near-complete genomes were generated using the Nanopore MinION sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that viral genomes were related to the South American genotype I, clustering with a genome detected in the Amazon region (state of Pará) in 2017, named YFVPA/MG sub-lineage. Fast YFV confirmation potentialised vaccination campaigns. MAIN CONCLUSIONS A new YFV introduction was detected in MG 6 years after the beginning of the major outbreak reported in the state (2015-2018). The YFV strain was not related to the sub-lineages previously reported in MG. No human cases have been reported, suggesting the importance of coordinated surveillance of NHPs using available technologies and supporting laboratories to ensure a quick response and implementation of contingency measures to avoid YFV spillover to humans.

19.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 94(5): 1090-4, 2016 05 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26928831

RESUMO

Q fever is an important cause of undifferentiated fever that is rarely recognized or reported in Brazil. The objective of this study was to look for the presence of Coxiella burnetii during a dengue fever outbreak in the municipality of Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where this bacterium had previously infected humans and domesticated animals. Blood samples from clinically suspected dengue fever patients were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for C. burnetii; the DNA was detected in nine (3.3%) of 272 patients. One was coinfected with dengue virus, which was also detected in another 166 (61.3%) patients. The nucleotide sequence of PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of the IS1111 transposase elements in the genome of C. burnetii exhibited 99% identity with the sequence in GenBank. The detection of C. burnetii in patients suspected of dengue fever indicates that awareness and knowledge of Q fever should be strengthened and that this bacterium is present in Brazil. Finally, because a negative molecular result does not completely rule out the diagnosis of Q fever and the serological assay based on seroconversion was not available, the actual number of this zoonosis is likely to be much higher than that reported in this study.


Assuntos
Coxiella burnetii/isolamento & purificação , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Febre Q/diagnóstico , Febre Q/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
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