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1.
Ann Neurol ; 89(3): 598-603, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33295021

RESUMO

We diagnosed 11 Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases among 71,904 COVID patients attended at 61 Spanish emergency departments (EDs) during the 2-month pandemic peak. The relative frequency of GBS among ED patients was higher in COVID (0.15‰) than non-COVID (0.02‰) patients (odds ratio [OR] = 6.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.18-12.5), as was the standardized incidence (9.44 and 0.69 cases/100,000 inhabitant-years, respectively, OR = 13.5, 95% CI = 9.87-18.4). Regarding clinical characteristics, olfactory-gustatory disorders were more frequent in COVID-GBS than non-COVID-GBS (OR = 27.59, 95% CI = 1.296-587) and COVID-non-GBS (OR = 7.875, 95% CI = 1.587-39.09) patients. Although COVID-GBS patients were more frequently admitted to intensive care, mortality was not increased versus control groups. Our results suggest SARS-CoV-2 could be another viral infection causing GBS. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:598-603.


Assuntos
COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/epidemiologia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , COVID-19/complicações , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/etiologia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/terapia , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapêutico , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/etiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/fisiopatologia
2.
Emergencias ; 30(5): 321-327, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30260116

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: . The main purpose was to assess our emergency department's level of adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in different age groups. The secondary aims were to study the utility and estimated the number of avoidable CT angiography with this approach of age-adjusted D-dimer concentrations in combination with the Wells score in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of a series of hemodynamically stable patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism in the emergency department of a tertiary care university hospital in 2012. Cases were identified in hospital discharge records on the basis of orders for D-dimer assays and computed tomography (CT) angiography of pulmonary arteries justified by suspicion of pulmonary embolism. We analyzed the degree of adherence to CPGs according to age groups, calculated the specificity and sensitivity of combining age-adjusted D-dimer test results and the Wells score, and estimated the number of potentially avoidable CT angiography procedures. RESULTS: We found a total of 785 patients (mean age, 69 years; range, 18-97 years) suspected of having pulmonary embolism; 403 (51.3%) were women. Significant differences were detected in adherence to CPGs, depending on which clinical prediction models were used and patient age (50 years or younger, 69.7%-76.5% adherence; 65-74 years, 32.3%-53.2%; 75-84 years, 29.1%-46.8%; 85-89 years, 32.7%-41.8%; and 90 years or older, 24.4%-46.7%). Adherence was increased when D-dimer test result and the simplified Wells score were combined (increments of 10.4%, 8.0%, 13.6%, 11.1%, respectively in the following age groups: 65-74 years, 75-84 years, 85-89 years, and 90 years or older). Using an ageadjusted D-dimer cut-point increased diagnostic specificity (34.2% without such a cut-point vs 45.8% with one). The positive predictive value of the test also increased when an age-adjusted D-dimer cut-point was used (to 11.4%, from 9.6% without age adjustement). Seventy CT angiograph procedures (12.5%) could have been avoided by using age-adjusted cut-points. CONCLUSION: We observed different degrees of age-related adherence to CPGs in cases in which pulmonary embolism was suspected. Using the simplified Wells score combined with an age-adjusted cut-point for D-dimer assay positivity improved the specificity and positive predictive value of the D-dimer assessment in comparison with standard practice. Using age-adjusted D-dimer cut-points could decrease the number of pulmonary artery CT angiograms required.


OBJETIVO: El objetivo principal fue estudiar la adherencia a las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico de embolismo pulmonar (EP) según la edad del paciente. Los objetivos secundarios fueron investigar las características del dímero-D corregido por edad (DDc) en combinación con la Escala de Wells para el diagnóstico de EP y el número de angio-TC pulmonares potencialmente evitables con dicha estrategia. METODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de una serie de casos de pacientes con sospecha de EP con estabilidad hemodinámica en un servicio de urgencias de un hospital universitario de tercer nivel durante el año 2012. Los casos se obtuvieron a partir de las solicitudes de dímero-D, las angio-TC pulmonares realizadas por sospecha de EP y el registro de altas hospitalarias. Se realizó un análisis del grado de adherencia a las GPC según grupos de edad y se calculó las características del DDc en combinación con la Escala de Wells y el número de angio-TC potencialmente evitables con dicha estrategia. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 785 pacientes con sospecha de EP con una edad mediana de 69 años (rango 18-97), de los cuales 403 (51,3%) fueron mujeres. Se observaron diferencias significativas del grado de adherencia a las GPC en función del grupo de edad de los pacientes para las diferentes escalas de probabilidad clínica (EPC) ( 50 años: 69,7%-76,5%; 65-74 años: 32,3%-53,2%; 75-84 años: 29,1%-46,8%; 85-89 años: 32,7%-41,8%; 90 años: 24,4%-46,7%). La combinación del DDc y la Escala de Wells simplificada aumentó la adherencia (incrementos del 10,4%, 8,0%, 13,6%, 11,1%, en cada grupo de edad, respectivamente). El punto de corte del DDc aumentó la especificidad (34,2% vs 45,8%) y el valor predictivo positivo (9,6% vs 11,4%), y hubiera evitado 70 (12,5%) angio-TC pulmonares. CONCLUSIONES: Se hallaron diferencias de adherencia a las GPC en las sospechas de EP en función de la edad. La Escala de Wells simplificada combinada con el punto de corte del DDc obtuvo una mayor especificidad y valor predictivo positivo que con el DD estándar, lo que podría disminuir el número de angio-TC pulmonares.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/normas , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Embolia Pulmonar/sangue , Valores de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Adulto Jovem
4.
Emergencias ; 29(5): 306-312, 2017 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29077289

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyze factors related to drug-resistant pathogens (DRPs) in community-onset pneumonia (COP) and whether previously suggested criteria are useful in our emergency-department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective 1-year study of adults coming to the emergency department for COP. We assessed the usefulness of criteria used in health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP), as well the Shorr index, the Barthel index, and clinical suspicion of resistant pathogens. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: We included 139 patients with a mean (SD) age of 75.9 (15.3) years; 63.3% were men. Forty-nine COP patients (35.2%) were at risk for DRP-caused pneumonia according to HCAP criteria; 43 (30.9%) according to the Shorr index, and 56 (40.3%) according to the Aliberti index. A score of less than 60 derived from the Barthel index was recorded for 25 patients (18%). Clinical suspicion of a DRP was recorded for 11 (7.9%). A DRP was isolated in 5 patients (3.6%) (3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 2, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified 2 predictors of DRP-caused COP: hospital admission within the last 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 8.92; 95% CI, 1.92-41.45) and initial arterial blood oxygen saturation (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.98). The AUC was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98). The model identified 22 patients (16.8%) at risk for DRP-caused pneumonia. The positive and negative predictive values were 20% and 99.1%, respectively, for the model 90-day period (vs 8.7% and 98.9%, respectively, for criteria used in HCAP). CONCLUSION: Hospitalization within the 90-day period before a COP emergency and arterial blood oxygen saturation were good predictors of DRP in our setting. Criteria of DRP in HCAP, on the other hand, had lower ability to identify patients at risk in COP.


OBJETIVO: Analizar en las neumonías de la comunidad diagnosticados en nuestro centro los predictores de etiología por patógenos resistentes (PR) y evaluar la utilidad de distintos criterios de riesgo de PR previamente sugeridos. METODO: Se estudiaron prospectivamente durante 1 año los pacientes adultos procedentes de la comunidad atendidos en el servicio de urgencias (SU) por neumonía. Se evaluaron los criterios definitorios de neumonía asociada al cuidado sanitario (NACS), así como los índices de Shorr, Aliberti y Barthel y el juicio clínico de PR. Se realizó regresión logística múltiple y se calculó el área bajo la curva receptor-operador (ABC-ROC). RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 139 pacientes con una edad media de 75 (DE: 15,3) años, el 63,3% varones. Tenían riesgo de PR según los criterios de NACS 49 (35,2%), según el índice de Shorr 43 (30,9%) y según índice de Aliberti 56 (40,3%). Se encontró un I. Barthel < 60 en 25 enfermos (18%) y juicio clínico de PR en 11 (7,9%). Se aisló PR en el 3,6% (3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa y 2 Staphylococcus aureus meticilin resistentes). En el análisis multivariado fueron predictores de PR el haber ingresado en los 90 días previos, con una odds ratio (OR) de 8,92 [intervalo de confianza (IC) 95%: 1,92-41,45], y la saturación inicial de oxígeno, con una OR de 0,85 [IC 95%: 0,74-0,98] con ABC-ROC de 0,91 (IC 95%: 0,85-0,98). Nuestro modelo identificó 22 pacientes (16,8%) con riesgo de PR, con valor predictivo positivo y negativo del 20% y 99,1%, respectivamente, frente a un 8,7% y 98,9%, respectivamente para NACS. CONCLUSIONES: En las neumonías de nuestro centro el antecedente de ingreso en los 90 días previos junto con la saturación de oxígeno fueron buenos predictores de PR, mientras que los criterios de NACS tuvieron menor capacidad de discriminación.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Área Sob a Curva , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecção Hospitalar/diagnóstico , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções por Pseudomonas/diagnóstico , Curva ROC , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Adulto Jovem
5.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 30(5): 321-327, oct. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-179508

RESUMO

Objetivo. El objetivo principal fue estudiar la adherencia a las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico de embolismo pulmonar (EP) según la edad del paciente. Los objetivos secundarios fueron investigar las características del dímero-D corregido por edad (DDc) en combinación con la Escala de Wells para el diagnóstico de EP y el número de angio-TC pulmonares potencialmente evitables con dicha estrategia. Método. Estudio observacional retrospectivo de una serie de casos de pacientes con sospecha de EP con estabilidad hemodinámica en un servicio de urgencias de un hospital universitario de tercer nivel durante el año 2012. Los casos se obtuvieron a partir de las solicitudes de dímero-D, las angio-TC pulmonares realizadas por sospecha de EP y el registro de altas hospitalarias. Se realizó un análisis del grado de adherencia a las GPC según grupos de edad y se calculó las características del DDc en combinación con la Escala de Wells y el número de angio-TC potencialmente evitables con dicha estrategia. Resultados. Se incluyeron 785 pacientes con sospecha de EP con una edad mediana de 69 años (rango 18-97), de los cuales 403 (51,3%) fueron mujeres. Se observaron diferencias significativas del grado de adherencia a las GPC en función del grupo de edad de los pacientes para las diferentes escalas de probabilidad clínica (EPC) ( 50 años: 69,7%-76,5%; 65-74 años: 32,3%-53,2%; 75-84 años: 29,1%-46,8%; 85-89 años: 32,7%-41,8%; 90 años: 24,4%-46,7%). La combinación del DDc y la Escala de Wells simplificada aumentó la adherencia (incrementos del 10,4%, 8,0%, 13,6%, 11,1%, en cada grupo de edad, respectivamente). El punto de corte del DDc aumentó la especificidad (34,2% vs 45,8%) y el valor predictivo positivo (9,6% vs 11,4%), y hubiera evitado 70 (12,5%) angio-TC pulmonares. Conclusiones. Se hallaron diferencias de adherencia a las GPC en las sospechas de EP en función de la edad. La Escala de Wells simplificada combinada con el punto de corte del DDc obtuvo una mayor especificidad y valor predictivo positivo que con el DD estándar, lo que podría disminuir el número de angio-TC pulmonares


Objectives. The main purpose was to assess our emergency department's level of adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in different age groups. The secondary aims were to study the utility and estimated the number of avoidable CT angiography with this approach of age-adjusted D-dimer concentrations in combination with the Wells score in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Methods. Retrospective observational study of a series of hemodynamically stable patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism in the emergency department of a tertiary care university hospital in 2012. Cases were identified in hospital discharge records on the basis of orders for D-dimer assays and computed tomography (CT) angiography of pulmonary arteries justified by suspicion of pulmonary embolism. We analyzed the degree of adherence to CPGs according to age groups, calculated the specificity and sensitivity of combining age-adjusted D-dimer test results and the Wells score, and estimated the number of potentially avoidable CT angiography procedures. Results. We found a total of 785 patients (mean age, 69 years; range, 18-97 years) suspected of having pulmonary embolism; 403 (51.3%) were women. Significant differences were detected in adherence to CPGs, depending on which clinical prediction models were used and patient age (50 years or younger, 69.7%-76.5% adherence; 65-74 years, 32.3%-53.2%; 75-84 years, 29.1%-46.8%; 85-89 years, 32.7%-41.8%; and 90 years or older, 24.4%-46.7%). Adherence was increased when D-dimer test result and the simplified Wells score were combined (increments of 10.4%, 8.0%, 13.6%, 11.1%, respectively in the following age groups: 65-74 years, 75-84 years, 85-89 years, and 90 years or older). Using an ageadjusted D-dimer cut-point increased diagnostic specificity (34.2% without such a cut-point vs 45.8% with one). The positive predictive value of the test also increased when an age-adjusted D-dimer cut-point was used (to 11.4%, from 9.6% without age adjustement). Seventy CT angiograph procedures (12.5%) could have been avoided by using age-adjusted cut-points. Conclusions. We observed different degrees of age-related adherence to CPGs in cases in which pulmonary embolism was suspected. Using the simplified Wells score combined with an age-adjusted cut-point for D-dimer assay positivity improved the specificity and positive predictive value of the D-dimer assessment in comparison with standard practice. Using age-adjusted D-dimer cut-points could decrease the number of pulmonary artery CT angiograms required


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudo Observacional , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
6.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 29(5): 306-312, oct. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-167920

RESUMO

Objetivos. Analizar en las neumonías de la comunidad diagnosticados en nuestro centro los predictores de etiología por patógenos resistentes (PR) y evaluar la utilidad de distintos criterios de riesgo de PR previamente sugeridos. Método. Se estudiaron prospectivamente durante 1 año los pacientes adultos procedentes de la comunidad atendidos en el servicio de urgencias (SU) por neumonía. Se evaluaron los criterios definitorios de neumonía asociada al cuidado sanitario (NACS), así como los índices de Shorr, Aliberti y Barthel y el juicio clínico de PR. Se realizó regresión logística múltiple y se calculó el área bajo la curva receptor-operador (ABC-ROC). Resultados. Se incluyeron 139 pacientes con una edad media de 75 (DE: 15,3) años, el 63,3% varones. Tenían riesgo de PR según los criterios de NACS 49 (35,2%), según el índice de Shorr 43 (30,9%) y según índice de Aliberti 56 (40,3%). Se encontró un I. Barthel < 60 en 25 enfermos (18%) y juicio clínico de PR en 11 (7,9%). Se aisló PR en el 3,6% (3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa y 2 Staphylococcus aureus meticilin resistentes). En el análisis multivariado fueron predictores de PR el haber ingresado en los 90 días previos, con una odds ratio (OR) de 8,92 [intervalo de confianza (IC) 95%: 1,92-41,45], y la saturación inicial de oxígeno, con una OR de 0,85 [IC 95%: 0,74-0,98] con ABC-ROC de 0,91 (IC 95%: 0,85-0,98). Nuestro modelo identificó 22 pacientes (16,8%) con riesgo de PR, con valor predictivo positivo y negativo del 20% y 99,1%, respectivamente, frente a un 8,7% y 98,9%, respectivamente para NACS. Conclusiones. En las neumonías de nuestro centro el antecedente de ingreso en los 90 días previos junto con la saturación de oxígeno fueron buenos predictores de PR, mientras que los criterios de NACS tuvieron menor capacidad de discriminación (AU)


Objectives. To analyze factors related to drug-resistant pathogens (DRPs) in community-onset pneumonia (COP) and whether previously suggested criteria are useful in our emergency-department. Methods. Prospective 1-year study of adults coming to the emergency department for COP. We assessed the usefulness of criteria used in health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP), as well the Shorr index, the Barthel index, and clinical suspicion of resistant pathogens. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results. We included 139 patients with a mean (SD) age of 75.9 (15.3) years; 63.3% were men. Forty-nine COP patients (35.2%) were at risk for DRP-caused pneumonia according to HCAP criteria; 43 (30.9%) according to the Shorr index, and 56 (40.3%) according to the Aliberti index. A score of less than 60 derived from the Barthel index was recorded for 25 patients (18%). Clinical suspicion of a DRP was recorded for 11 (7.9%). A DRP was isolated in 5 patients (3.6%) (3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 2, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified 2 predictors of DRP-caused COP: hospital admission within the last 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 8.92; 95% CI, 1.92-41.45) and initial arterial blood oxygen saturation (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.98). The AUC was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98). The model identified 22 patients (16.8%) at risk for DRP-caused pneumonia. The positive and negative predictive values were 20% and 99.1%, respectively, for the model 90-day period (vs 8.7% and 98.9%, respectively, for criteria used in HCAP). Conclusions. Hospitalization within the 90-day period before a COP emergency and arterial blood oxygen saturation were good predictors of DRP in our setting. Criteria of DRP in HCAP, on the other hand, had lower ability to identify patients at risk in COP (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/complicações , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Assistência Ambulatorial/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Hipóxia/complicações , Radiografia Torácica , Estudos Prospectivos , Modelos Logísticos , Intervalos de Confiança , Análise Multivariada , Curva ROC
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