RESUMO
The systematic identification of genetic events driving cellular transformation and tumor progression in the absence of a highly recurrent oncogenic driver mutation is a challenge in cutaneous oncology. In cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC), the high UV-induced mutational burden poses a hurdle to achieve a complete molecular landscape of this disease. Here, we utilized the Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis system to statistically define drivers of keratinocyte transformation and cuSCC progression in vivo in the absence of UV-IR, and identified both known tumor suppressor genes and novel oncogenic drivers of cuSCC. Functional analysis confirms an oncogenic role for the ZMIZ genes, and tumor suppressive roles for KMT2C, CREBBP and NCOA2, in the initiation or progression of human cuSCC. Taken together, our in vivo screen demonstrates an extremely heterogeneous genetic landscape of cuSCC initiation and progression, which can be harnessed to better understand skin oncogenic etiology and prioritize therapeutic candidates.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Queratinócitos/patologia , Mutagênese Insercional/métodos , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Proteína de Ligação a CREB/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Progressão da Doença , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Coativador 2 de Receptor Nuclear/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis of any breast cancer subtype. To better understand the genetic forces driving TNBC, we performed a transposon mutagenesis screen in a phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) mutant mice and identified 12 candidate trunk drivers and a much larger number of progression genes. Validation studies identified eight TNBC tumor suppressor genes, including the GATA-like transcriptional repressor TRPS1 Down-regulation of TRPS1 in TNBC cells promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by deregulating multiple EMT pathway genes, in addition to increasing the expression of SERPINE1 and SERPINB2 and the subsequent migration, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Transposon mutagenesis has thus provided a better understanding of the genetic forces driving TNBC and discovered genes with potential clinical importance in TNBC.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/genética , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes Neoplásicos , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Camundongos Transgênicos , Mutagênese , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/metabolismo , Proteínas Repressoras , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/mortalidade , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologiaRESUMO
A central challenge in oncology is how to kill tumors containing heterogeneous cell populations defined by different combinations of mutated genes. Identifying these mutated genes and understanding how they cooperate requires single-cell analysis, but current single-cell analytic methods, such as PCR-based strategies or whole-exome sequencing, are biased, lack sequencing depth or are cost prohibitive. Transposon-based mutagenesis allows the identification of early cancer drivers, but current sequencing methods have limitations that prevent single-cell analysis. We report a liquid-phase, capture-based sequencing and bioinformatics pipeline, Sleeping Beauty (SB) capture hybridization sequencing (SBCapSeq), that facilitates sequencing of transposon insertion sites from single tumor cells in a SB mouse model of myeloid leukemia (ML). SBCapSeq analysis of just 26 cells from one tumor revealed the tumor's major clonal subpopulations, enabled detection of clonal insertion events not detected by other sequencing methods and led to the identification of dominant subclones, each containing a unique pair of interacting gene drivers along with three to six cooperating cancer genes with SB-driven expression changes.