Streamer formation processes trigger intense x-ray and high-frequency radio emissions in a high-voltage discharge.

For a laboratory discharge initiated in a long air gap by a microsecond megavolt pulse, we simultaneously register wideband high-frequency microwave and hard-x-ray emissions and thoroughly analyze the temporal relationship of the emissions depending on the discharge evolution. The temporal structure of microwave radiation is found to consist of numerous short intense bursts with high-frequency components. We directly show that x-ray and microwave emissions can appear almost synchronously in the discharge but only when a complex net of countless plasma channels forms and spans the entire discharge gap. The channel formation is closely related to the intense development of multiple streamers.

[Physiological characteristics of the smooth muscles vessels of the small circle of blood circulation].

Now sireos problem of pulmonology there are the diseases connected with infringement of coordinated regulation of a tone of smooth muscles of vessels and airways of ways that conducts to dissociation of parameters haemodinamyc and ventilation of lungs and as consequence, to infringement airwave-perfusion attitudes. In the review features humoral regulation contractile activity of smooth muscles of vessels of a small circle of blood circulation, a role of endocellular alarm systems in these mechanisms, and endothelium, as the local modulator endocrine functions are considered. Disgusting muscles of a small circle are distinguished from the main vessels of the big circle of blood circulation with predisposition to the raised mechanical pressure. In spite of the fact that endothelium renders modulating relaxe influence on contractile answers of smooth muscles of vessels of a venous and arterial small circle of blood circulation at action corresponding vasoconstriction, pulmonary veins are capable to endothelium-dependent dilatation to a lesser degree, in comparison with pulmonary arteries. And, on the contrary, in absence endothelium, they are characterized with high sensitivity to vasopression to substances--serotonin, histamine, phenylephrine. Features of regulation smooth muscle pressure pulmonary an artery are shown in contractile reactions of its isolated segments in reply to influence beta-adreno agonist--isoprotherenol and phosphoesterase inhibitors. Though, increase in endocellular concentration cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and\or cGMP), on the standard representations, cannot explain growth of a mechanical pressure of smooth muscles, apparently, in contractile reactions of a pulmonary artery to influence biologically and physiologically active substances interfere more complex mechanisms in which basis processes of interaction of smooth muscles cells lay, endothelium and cells of a microenvironment. Finding-out of the contribution cyclic nucleotides in these processes demands the further researches.

[Features of the pharmacosensitivity of smooth muscles of the lesser circulation circle artery walls in rabbits].

Features of the pharmacological sensitivity of smooth muscles in the walls of arteries of the lesser circulation circle in rabbits with respect to cholinergic, histaminergic, and adrenergic agents, as well as the influence of endothelium on the realization of contractile response to these agents have been investigated in rabbits. A special feature in the cholinergic relaxation of smooth muscles of a pulmonary artery is a two-componential character of the dose dependence. The low-threshold component of the relaxant action of pilocarpine exhibits the endothelium-dependent character. An important feature of the contractile reaction to histaminergic action is a direct contractile effect of histamine, which is not observed in vessels of the greater circulation circle. Endothelium produces an inhibiting effect on the histaminergic contractility. The basic feature in the response to adrenergic action is the beta-adrenergic contractility effect. Activation of the cAMP-dependent alarm system in smooth muscles of the pulmonary arteries leads to a constrictive effect. The established features of the pharmacological sensitivity of smooth muscles of the artery walls of the lesser circulation circle are important for the clinical pharmacology.

[The intracellular signal systems of the smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract]. / Vnutrikletochnye signal'nye sistemy gladkikh myshts zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta.

The authors summarize the data available in the literature and their own findings of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle messenger systems. They describe the mechanisms that regulate the cytoplasmic cell concentrations of calcium, its role as a second messenger in the smooth muscle cells. Special attention is paid to calmodulin. Data are given as to the contribution of inositol triphospate and diacylglycerol to the release of intracellular calcium and to the manifestation of its effects. The authors also outline the cellular adenylate cyclase system and show its role in smooth muscle relaxation that occurs with the activation of the cAMP-dependent signal pathway.

[Medico-ecologic and technologic problems of health promotion in the population of Siberia]. / Mediko-ékologo-tekhnologicheskie problemy okhrany zdorovía naseleniia v usloviiakh Sibiri.

The comprehensive investigations have demonstrated that environmental factors have an unfavourable influence on children's morbidity rates of cancer and congenital diseases. A mechanism has been proposed to solve medical, ecological, and technological problems of public health population.

[The mechanisms in NO-dependent regulation of electrical and mechanical activity in smooth muscles]. / Mekhanizmy reguliatsii oksidom azota élektricheskoi i sokratitel'noi aktivnosti glagkikh myshts.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) and its implication in intracellular and intercellular signaling pathways attract an attention of many research teams up to now. Away of its signaling functions. NO is considered as one of the key molecules in maintenance of balance between the physiological and pathological processes due to cytoprotective and cytotoxic functions of this molecule. In this regard, elucidation of the NO-dependent mechanisms, involved into the physiological processes and pathophysiological reactions, remains an urgent problem of conntemporary biology and medicine. Analysis of obtained results establishes a relative contribution of electro- and pharmaco-mechanical coupling mechanisms in NO-dependent regulation of smooth muscle cels (SMC) functions. The authors show that elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration by biologically active substances promotes relaxing effect of NO through both voltage-dependent and -independent intracellular mechanisms of calcium redistribution. Namely the peculiarities of considered mechanisms in each certain type of SMCs cause the final direction of alterations in contractility and membrane potential. It has been shown that voltage-dependent effects of NO are mediated by suppression of calcium and/or sodium components and modulation of Ca2+ -dependent and ATP-seisitive potassium components of SMC membrane permeability, Voltage-independent NO control of mechanical smooth muscles activity mainly is mediated by 1) modulation of protein kinase C (PK-C) branch of calcium signaling system, 2) ratio of cyclic nucleotides intracellular concentrations (cGMP/cAMP), and 3) directional mode of electrosilent Na+, K+, 2Cl- -cotransport. Our results show that the features of the myogenic effects of NO are caused by the peculiarities of PK-C operation in SMC.

[Intracellular signal systems in the epithelium- and endothelium-dependent relaxation of smooth muscles]. / Vnutrikletochnye signal'nye sistemy v épitelii- i éndoteliizavisimykh protsessakh rasslableniia gladkikh myshts.

The research of mechanisms of a regulation electrical and contractile of properties of unstriated muscles of an internals remains by an actual problem of modern physiology and medicine. Already now it is possible to state that the efficacy of means of correction of distresses of an internals depends on a degree of a level of scrutiny of these mechanisms. Among physiologically active substances effecting on smooth muscle cells (SM), the special relaxing factor synthesized by endotheliocytes, epithelial cells and SM. Identified by the majority of the explorers as oxide of nitrogen (NO), relaxing factor responds for exhibiting of many myogenic responses of pots and pneumatic routes. The mechanisms of synthesis and implementation of effects of this factor in SM cells up to the extremity are not clarified. The considerable advance in learning mechanisms of operation relaxing factor on SM is connected to discovering of ability of some nitro compounds to replicate NO-dependent relaxing effects in these cells. The main systems of intracellular regulation are involved in mechanisms of implementation endothelial and epithelial local regulatory effects on SM. The majority of the explorers bind an epithelium-dependent release phenomenon SM to an activation of a solvable fraction guanilatcyclase, found in the majority of cells, and effects of cGMP-dependent protein kinases. There are reports on ability of inhibitors NO-sintase to depress a release phenomenon SM of pots and bronchuses, about dependence of a mechanical strain SM of pots and respiratory tract from a contents cGMP in cells. However there are datas giving establishments to guess, that alongside with guanilatciclase in a release phenomenon SM, induced relaxing factors or nitro compounds, the immediate involvement is accepted by cAMP-dependent protein kinases. The most probable point of interaction cAMP and cGMP-dependent processes is phospodiesterase of cyclic nucleotides. It citosolium the enzyme labilized by calmodulin, is capable to carry out a hydrolysis of both cyclic nucleotides, and the affinity native phospodiesterase to cGMP exceeds affinity to cAMP more, than on the order. It is impossible to eliminate immediate interference of NO-dependent processes in a regulation of activity contractile proteins. The ability cGMP-dependent processes to depressing mechanisms of phosphorylation and intensifying of a dephosphorylization of contraktion proteins SM is shown. At these processes can variate and affinity of the acto-miosin complex to ions of calcium, producing a release phenomenon of smooth muscles. On all visibility, production relaxing of the factor and the implementation is epithelial and endothelium-SM of mutual relation in a respiratory tract and pots comes true by modulating influence at the calcium signal system of other systems. For example, production relaxing of the factor by an epithelium and endothelium, being calcium-dependent process, is regulated at involvement calmodulin-similar Ca(2+)-connecting proteins and protein kinase C. Control of tone SM through change of membrane potential relaxing factor carries out by paravariation of potassium conduction of a membrane SM, and, is more probable than all through calcium-dependent and ATP-sensitive components. Potencial-dependent control of a muscle tone comes true through change of efficacy of an operation from a branch of the calcium signal system and calcium pompes at submaximal concentrations of free calcium in citosolium.

[Effect of a constant and low frequency magnetic field on the behavioral and autonomic responses of the human operator]. / Vliianie postoiannogo i nizkochastotnogo magnitnogo polia na povedencheskie i vegetativnye reaktsii cheloveka-operatora

The object of the study was conjugation of latencies of sensorimotor reactions and of following physiological characteristics: respiratory rate, heart rate, skin resistance and temperature, in man doing the work of operator, under the action of DC and AC (50 c/s) magnetic fields with maximal tension equalling 8-10 a/m on the head. "Disfunction" of behavioural reactions and of their vegetative sufficiency was observed in the magnetic field. The degree of deterioration of control and compensatory properties of the central nervous system is of inverse dependence on the quality of the operator's work and the level of the central nervous system functional possibilities.

[Status of the kallikrein-kinin system in experimental disorders of cerebral circulation]. / Sostoianie kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy pri éksperimental'nom narushenii mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

On a model of acute impairment of the cerebral circulation the authors studied (using the conventional methods) the status of various components of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood and tissues during a period of 7 days. It has been established that the kallikrein-kinin system has periods of activation 1-6 hours and 1-3 days and a period of "inhibition" 12 hours after the beginning of the experiment. These data may be used in clinical practice for the treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disturbances.

[The automated system of registration of patients with mental disorders using personal computers]. / Avtomatizirovannaia sistema ucheta psikhicheski bol'nykh na personal'nykh EVM.

The authors review problems of the design of an automated system of registration of psychoneurological patients by personal computers intended for the data servicing of the supervisors of the regional psychiatric hospital (head physician, heads of departments) and some other persons from the medical personnel. Describe the main functions and potentialities of the system.

[Electrophysiologic and contractile properties of cells of the oblique layer of the musculature of the pyloric region of the stomach in white rats]. / Elektrofiziologicheskie i sokratitel'nye svoistva kletok kosogo sloia muskulatury piloricheskogo otdela zheludka belykh krys.

The double sucrose gap technique revealed increase of the amplitude of electrotonic potentials and decrease of their time constants of growth and fading as the result of polarization current enhancement. Latency of both potentials become shortened and their number and frequency increase. The initiation of contraction response coincides with the potential development, its amplitude and velocity being determined by the AP. The effects of acetylcholine and noradrenaline were investigated.

[Effect of adrenocortical insufficiency on the motor activity of the gall bladder]. / Vliianie nedostatochnosti funktsii kory nadpochechnikov na motornuiu deiatel'nost' zhelchnogo puzyria

In chronical experiments on dogs, blocking of glococorticoidal function of adrenal cortex O, pI -- DDD decreases the gall bladder motility. Disorders of mineralcorticoid activity of adrenal cortex leads to an increase of the motility. Administration of hydrocortisone and 1% solution of sodium chloride aids to normalize the gall bladder motility in animals with adrenal insufficiency.

[Morpho-functional characteristics of erythrocyte redistribution in various vascular regions]. / Morfofunktsional'naia kharakteristika pereraspredeleniia éritrotsitov v razlichnykh sosudistykh regionakh.

A qualitative differentiation of the blood flow was found to occur at the level of aortic arch. Erythrocytes from the carotid artery differ from those of the femoral artery by their morphofunctional parameters (surface area, lipoprotein contents, sulfhydryl groups, hemoglobin). The data obtained suggest that the erythrocytes entering the brain are younger and functionally more active. They are supposed to take part in the mechanisms supporting a stable functional condition of the brain.

[The epithelium-dependent mechanism of the bronchodilating action of adrenaline]. / Epiteliizavisimyi mekhanizm bronkhorasshiriaiushchego deistviia adrenalina.

The involvement of the epithelium in the adrenergic reactions of airways smooth muscles was studied. The epithelium-dependent pathway of the bronchodilating action of catecholamines, which played a minor role was found to become decisive in some cases. In that case the epithelial inflammatory lesion could be a cause of reducing the response of the bronchi to catecholamines.

[Mechanisms of NO-dependent relaxation in smooth muscles of the rat aorta with nitro compounds]. / Issledovanie mekhanizmov NO-zavisimogo rasslableniia gladkikh myshts aorty krysy s pomoshch'iu nitrosoedinenii.

The membrane potential and smooth muscle tension in rat aorta were studied by the method of sucrose gap junction. It was found that sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin produced a dose-dependent membrane repolarization and smooth muscle cell relaxation in rat aorta preliminarily contracted and depolarized by hyperpotassium (40 mM) or phenylephrine solutions. The relaxation effect of sodium nitroprusside was more pronounced on the phenylephrine background. The effect of nitroglycerin showed a different kinetics in time and led to the tolerance development. The effects of both nitro compounds were inhibited by pretreatment with Methylene Blue or potassium channel blockers. It is suggested that nitro vasodilators are involved in the NO-dependent processes in smooth muscle cells of aorta through cGMP-mediated activation of the potassium conductivity and by changing the efficiency of operation of the protein kinase C branch of the Ca2+ signal system.

[Studying cGMP-dependent mechanisms of vinpocetine effect on smooth muscle cells]. / Issledovanie tsGMF-zavisimykh mekhanizmov deistviia vinpotsetina na gladkomyshechnye kletki.

The results of the membrane potential measurements (by the double sucrose gap junction technique) and the smooth muscle tension determination (by the mechanical force measurements) in the rat aorta showed that vinpocetine potentiates the effect of sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on the smooth muscle cells. In the concentration range of 2-20 microM, vinpocetine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the Ca2+ conductivity of the membrane and decreased the smooth muscle contractility response. At a concentration of 1 microM, the drug acted as an inhibitor of the phosphodiestherase (PDE) activity and produced the effects similar top those of dibutyryl-cGMP (rather than dibutyryl-cAMP). In the presence of 10 microM of Methylene Blue (an inhibitor of the soluble fraction of guanylate cyclase), the cGMP-dependent effects of vinpocetine were suppressed on the background of 100 microM of sodium nitroprusside, but retained on the background of 10 microM of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), a nonspecific PDE inhibitor. IBMX acted like dibityryl-cGMP and activated the K+ conductivity of the membrane. It is suggested that cGMP-dependent effects of vinpocetine are related to its action upon the Ca2+ and Na+ and (but not K+) conductivity and to the cGMP-induced increase in the contribution of sarcoplasmic calcium to the contractile response.

[The functional characteristics of ototopia during the monaural localization of a mobile sound object in space]. / K kharakteristike funktsii ototopiki pri monaural'noi lokalizatsii mobil'nogo zvukovogo ob''ekta v prostranstve.

Ototopical function was studied in subjects with normal hearing by their mono- and binaural perception of the sound from a mobile source differently located in space. There was a relationship between ototopicometric parameters and acoustic system function. The discussion covers opportunities of ototopicometry in audiological evaluation of space hearing.

[Complex study of various pathogenetic and physiologic parameters of the health status of watchmen in the oil industry]. / Kompleksnoe izuchenie nekotorykh tsitogeneticheskikh i fiziologicheskikh parametrov zdorov'ia u vakhtovykh rabochikh-neftianikov.

Complex examination of oil industry workers and those engaged in nonproductive area (control group) was undertaken. It was established that in both groups there were persons with a high level of cells with cytogenetic disturbances (micronuclear test). However, as opposed to control group, oil industry workers had higher levels of systolic and pulse pressure. Besides it was shown that after 12 hours of work at an oil field under winter conditions in the north area of the Tomsk Region they had higher body temperature. It appeared that these persons primarily had the longest term of professional service. Further examination of persons with especially high level of micronuclei cells showed that they had elevated lymphocyte amount with chromosome impairments and some parameters of T- and B-immunoreactivity, phagocytosis and activity of normal killer cells were changed.

[Ionic mechanisms of carbon monoxide action on the contractile properties of smooth muscles of the blood vessels].

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of a family of gas transmitters. In this article we present the results of mechanographic investigations of the mechanisms of CO action on a rat thoracic aorta segments. We found that relaxing effect of CO donor CORM-2 on vascular smooth muscles is mediated mainly by opening of voltage-dependent potassium channels in smooth muscle cells: 4-aminopyridine, blocking these channels, almost completely eliminated the CO-induced vasorelaxation of the segments precontracted by depolarization of the smooth muscle cells membranes with high potassium (30 mM KCl) solution or by phenylephrine (10 microM). For the first time we documented that CORM-2 reduces the nicardipine-sensitive input of 45Ca2+ in freshly isolated aorta cells. There are reasons to suggest that the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels of vascular smooth muscle cells are another target for CO, which is implemented in the relaxing effect of this gas transmitter. Additional research is needed to determine the influence of ruthenium complexes (Ru(II)) on phenomenology of carbon monoxide effects.

[Influence of nanosize particles of cobalt ferrite on contractile responses of smooth muscle segment of airways].

Contractile responses of airways segments of porpoises inhaling nanopowder CoFe2O4 were stidued by means of a mechanographic method. Inhalation of the nanosize particles of CoFe2O4 in vivo and in vitro testing the nanomaterial on isolated smooth muscles led to potentiation histaminergic, cholinergic contractile activity in airways of porpoises and to strengthening of adrenergic relaxing answers. Nanosize particles vary amplitude of hyperpotassium reductions in smooth muscle segments of airways similarly to the effect of depolymerizing drug colchicine.