[The importance of clinical hemorheology in the study of cerebral blood flow in normal conditions and in cerebrovascular ischemia]. / Importância da hemorreologia clínica no estudo do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral em condições normais e na isquemia cerebrovascular.

A critical review on the importance of hemorheology for establishing clinical management of acute cerebrovascular insufficiency is presented. With this purpose a revision is made on cerebral blood flow, acute cerebrovascular insufficiency, and clinical hemorheology. Data support an evaluation on main drugs presently used in the management of stroke, and on general principles adopted for medical treatment and prevention of stroke.

[Cerebrospinal fluid G immunoglobulins in nervous system diseases]. / Imunoglobulinas G do líquido cefalorraqueano em afecções do sistema nervoso.

Cerebrospinal fluid IGG and the relations with total protein, and with prealbumin + albumin and the IGG index were studied in 160 patients with various neurological disorders. These patients were distributed in 8 groups according to diagnosis as follows: inflammatory (21 cases); demyelinating (31 cases); degenerative (10 cases); cerebrovascular (19 cases); tumoral (3 cases); convulsive (20 cases); headache (11 cases); other neurological disorders (45 cases). According to the results (table 1) the best applicability of IGG study is the group of chronic inflammatory diseases (neurosyphilis and neurocysticercosis) and the demyelinating disorders (multiple sclerosis). Emphasis is given to the possibility of the occurrence of local synthesis of IGG in the central nervous system in these 2 groups.

[Ocular myopathy, Kiloh-Nevin type; study of a case with histochemical and ultrastructural changes]. / Miopatia ocular tipo Kiloh-Nevin; estudo de um caso com alteracões histoquímicas e ultraestruturais.

A non-familiar case of Kiloh-Nevin ocular myopathy with important histochemical and ultrastructural abnormalities is reported. The patient, a 43 year-old male presented with 10 year long, pregressive ocular ophtalmoplegia, myasthenic symptoms and severe muscular pain, an uncommon finding in this type of myopathy. The histochemical study showed muscular atrophy, mainly in type I fibres and a great amount of ragged-red fibres. Of particular interest, in this case, was the ultrastructural finding of severe mitochondrial abnormalities with a lot of inclusions in the cristae matrix; nevertheless these changes are not specific. The authors suggest a possible abnormality in the neuro-muscular transmission system and a genetically controlled enzimatic factor as responsible for the aethiology and pathogenesis of the Kiloh-Nevin ocular myopathy.

[Evaluation of intelligence with non-verbal tests in aphasic patients]. / Avaliação da inteligência com testes não-verbais em afásicos.

Eight patients with cerebral vascular disease and aphasia were studied just after the stroke. The clinical, neuropsychiatric, EEG and neuro-radiological aspects were evaluated. The patients were submitted to the psychological and phonoaudiological studies. The authors correlated the neurological lesions to the structural alteration of the intelligence, to the praxic and estheognostic alterations and also to the language disturbances. The criterions adopted by the World Health Organization and the genetics classification of Jean Piaget were used for the intellectual level classification. The results suggest that the intelligence evaluated through Leither's non-verbal test is better preserved in some asphasics.

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; clinical, histopathological and electron microscopy study of a case]. / Molestia de Creutzfeldt-Jakob: estudo clínico histopatológico e eletromicroscópico de um caso.

The case of a patient 53 years old that had a picture of cortical impairment and pyramidal disfunction, leading in 6 months to acinetic mutism is reported. The histopathology lead to the diagnostic of Creutzeldt-Jakob disease, with neuronal loss, gliosis and status spongiosus. The electron-microscopic examination showed that the status spongiosus was due to cellular processes, some having vesicular bodies sugestive of pre-synaptic vesicles.

"Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome--infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy" complex. Case report.

Case report of a 7 1/2-year-old girl considered as being normal until the age of 2 years. From then on she progressed with gait disturbance, mental deterioration, dystonic movements, convulsions and dysarthria. She died of bronchopneumonia one year later. CT scan showed hyperdensity at the putamen, with no signs of cerebral atrophy. Pathological examination disclosed an intense red coloration of the putamen and axonal "spheroids" at electron microscopy.